• Design Convergence Study
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1-20
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• 2017

Cardio-cerebrovascular disease is one of the chronic diseases that often attack people in Korea, and in fact, it ranks second in terms of death rate. This disease can be prevented by improving lifestyle, usual health care is important. But, in Korea most of the prevention or management programs adopt passive methods like using guide books or giving lectures, so it is not very effective in preventing the disease. Presently, the smart health care market is being developed in Korea and overseas. As an example, quantified self is being spread through wearable devices which are intended to measure each individual's health conditions and quantify body data into numbers for bettering habits. Accordingly, this author will explore and discuss wearable health care devices so as to prevent and manage cardio-cerebrovascular disease in a more active way. First, this study has classified wearable health care devices presently commercialized or related with cardio-cerebrovascular disease into wrist, clothes, or attaching types by the way of their attachment and analyzed them. After that, summing that up, this author performed cross-tabulations with other ways of preventing cardio-cerebrovascular disease. This will contribute to improving one's health care behavior about disease more actively and also work as an active interdisciplinary mechanism in research dealing with how to prevent disease afterwards.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.496-509
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the general characteristics, chronic diseases, health behavior, mental health, and nutritional status of young-old women based on their vitality. Methods: This study used data from the 2019 and 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The subjects were 1,113 young-old women aged 65 to 74 years old. The health-related quality of life concept with an 8-item questionnaire was used to measure the quality of life. Subjects were categorized into 4 groups (always, often, sometimes, never) based on their vitality. General characteristics, chronic diseases, health behavior, dietary behavior, food intake, and nutrient intake were compared among the groups. Results: Age, education level, household income, employment, fruit intake, dietary supplements, abundance of food, and nutrition labeling recognition were associated with the vitality of the subjects. Young-old women with arthritis, diabetes, and osteoporosis displayed lower vitality. Moreover, subjective health status, exercise, activity restrictions, and average daily sitting hours were related to vitality, while no significant difference was found in vitality between smoking and drinking. In terms of mental health factors, higher vitality was associated with 6-8 hours of sleep, lower stress levels, and reduced depression. The high-vitality group exhibited a higher intake of potatoes, starch, mushrooms, fruits, meat, milk, animal oils, and beverages than the low-vitality group. Additionally, the group with higher levels of vitality showed a higher intake of protein, fat, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-6 fatty acids, dietary fiber, sugars, phosphorous, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and riboflavin. Conclusion: This study suggests that the vitality of young-old women is related to socioeconomic factors, health behavior, mental health, and food intake. To maintain a vibrant lifestyle in elderly women, it is necessary to have social and economic stability, prevent arthritis, diabetes, and osteoporosis, exercise regularly, get sufficient sleep, maintain mental health, and have a balanced diet.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.436-445
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• 2008

Stroke is a serious disease despite recent improvements in the medical treatments available. Thirty-six stroke patients were interviewed as case and 36 non-stroke patients were interviewed as controls between February 2005 and August 2005 at Daegu S Medical Center. Information regarding the subjects' food habits was collected using the recall method from 5 years before the onset of stroke. Using interview techniques, we investigated how dietary habits and attitude influence nutrient intake. These results were analyzed by the $X^2$, Student's t-test and Chi-square test using the SPSS 12.0 program. This case-control study was performed to demonstrate the relationships among general quality factors (BMI, WHR, and family history of stroke) and lifestyle factors (smoking, exercise and alcohol drinking). The results were as follows. Analysis of the percentage of nutrient intake in terms of meal pattern showed that WHR was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. Hypertension and diabetes were the most common preceding diseases associated with the risk of stroke. The frequencies of smoking, alcohol consumption (p<0.001) and exercise (p<0.05) were higher in the cases than in the controls. Thus, the findings of this study are consistent with those of previous studies and suggest that people should be advised to control hypertension, smoking, alcohol drinking and obesity in order to prevent the occurrence of stroke as these factors are major risk factors for stroke.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.86-91
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• 2006

There are 3 different hypotheses on how statins may affect bones, through promoting bone formation, inhibiting bone resorption or through anti-inflammatory effect. In the 3 cross-sectional studies above, one showed increase BMD at hip and spine, one showed increase BMD only at mid-forearm and one showed that the risk reduction in fractures is not explained by the changes in BMD however, all 3 studies showed a decrease in risk of fracture associated with statins. In the 2 prospective cohort studies, one showed the use of statins was not associated with BMD at any skeletal site or decreasing the risk of fracture, and the other showed statins except pravastatin decreased in risk of vertebrate fracture but not affecting lumbar spine BMD. All of case-control studies indicated reduction in fracture risk but did not provide any data regarding BMD. 2 of the randomized, controlled studies showed no significant reduction in fracture risk as well as statins' effects on BMD. Finally, one longitudinal study showed statin use reduced fracture risk and increased BMD. Among the conflicting results shown above, even when statin use was shown to increase BMD, it does not seem to account for the reduction in fracture risk. There may be different ways that statins affect bone other than those hypotheses proposed above. Many studies seem to agree that pravastatin does not have any effect on bone. Some studies suggested that the reason statins did not achieve clinically significant increases in BMD in some studies, is due to the low affinity of statins on bone; statins are designed to act in the liver therefore their effective concentration in extrahepatic tissue is low. The limitations to those studies discussed above. Many studies did not account for the change of lifestyle while subjects' were on statins. Increases in weight bearing exercise and changes in diet might affect BMD and thus reduce risk of fractures. Mental alertness and vision acuity might prevent falls from occurring; many statin-users in the studies were young so the risk of fractures from falls would be decreased. Almost all of the studies failed exclude patients with neurological problems. During study periods, many subjects may have been started on drugs for diseases that usually occur with aging which could cause drowsiness and lead to falls. The sample sizes used in some of the trials were small and the duration of treatment and follow up might not have been long enough to see clinically relevant results.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.80-96
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• 2016

Recently, a series of lawsuits were filed in Korea claiming tort liability against tobacco companies. The Supreme Court has already issued decisions in some cases, while others are still pending. The primary issue in these cases is whether the epidemiological evidence submitted by the plaintiffs clearly proves the causal relationship between smoking and disease as required by civil law. Proving causation is difficult in tobacco lawsuits because factors other than smoking are involved in the development of a disease, and also because of the lapse of time between smoking and the manifestation of the disease. The Supreme Court (Supreme Court Decision, 2011Da22092, April 10, 2014) has imposed some limitations on using epidemiological evidence to prove causation in tobacco lawsuits filed by smokers and their family members, but these limitations should be reconsidered. First, the Court stated that a disease can be categorized as specific or non-specific, and for each disease type, causation can be proven by different types of evidence. However, the concept of specific diseases is not compatible with multifactor theory, which is generally accepted in the field of public health. Second, when the epidemiological association between the disease and the risk factor is proven to be significant, imposing additional burdens of proof on the plaintiff may considerably limit the plaintiff's right to recovery, but the Court required the plaintiffs to provide additional information such as health condition and lifestyle. Third, the Supreme Court is not giving greater weight to the evidential value of epidemiological study results because the Court focuses on the fact that these studies were group-level, not individual-level. However, group-level studies could still offer valuable information about individual members of the group, e.g., probability of causation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.559-566
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• 2009

Effective nutrition educations for prevention of chronic diseases for the general population are of great importance these days. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of nutrition education for cardiovascular risk factor reduction by e-mail education in male workers. The participants were divided into three groups by age; 28-39 age group, 40-49 age group, and 50-59 age group who got regular checkups for anthropometry and biochemistry. The 1 year program consisted of 15 topics containing information about metabolic syndrome (MS) and healthy eating behavior (intake of salt, fat and alcohol). Seven hundred thirty nine participants volunteered for the study [28-39 age group, n = 240; body mass index (BMI) = 24.9 $\pm$ 2.7 kg/m$^2$: 40' group, n = 276; BMI = 24.8 $\pm$ 2.6 kg/m$^2$: 50' group, n = 223; BMI = 24.9 $\pm$ 2.7 kg/m$^2$]. Percentage body fat (p < 0.05) and percentage of abdominal fat (p < 0.05), total cholesterol (p < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) were significantly decreased in all participants after the 1 year program. The total number of participants who had MS was decreased from 216 to 199 and especially the incidence of MS was decreased 27% in the group of subjects who were under the age 39. The e-mail worksite nutrition education program shows a substantial contribution to the development of effective CVD and chronic disease control and lifestyle nutrition educations that are applicable to and attractive for the large population at risk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.644-651
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• 2005

Dietary supplement mainly made of herb and fiber was examined whether it could reduce body weight and fat, modify blood lipid concentrations and bowel habits in 30 collegians without intentional diet restriction or lifestyle change for 5 weeks. Free-living subjects were required to take diet pills 2 times daily 30 minutes before meals. Before the study began, 24 hr recall diet record and the questionnaires had been collected. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, triceps and abdomen skinfold thickness, and body fat) were performed and blood samples were withdrawn before and after the study. Blood lipid fractions analyzed were total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. After the trial, body weight, body mass index, and percent ideal body weight of the subjects were reduced to mean of 0.5 kg, 0.2 and $0.9\%$, respectively (p<0.05). Percent body fat, triceps and abdomen skinfold thickness, and waist and hip circumferences were all reduced significantly except for $\%$ abdominal fat, but $\%$ body muscle mass increased from $36.5\%$ to $37.4\%$ (p=0.000). TC and TG were remarkably diminished (p<0.01) and LDL-cholesterol tended to decrease, but no change was observed in HDL-cholesterol. Bowel movements were also increased (p<0.01). In conclusion, this specific herb and fiber-rich dietary supplement reduced body weight and body fat indices, improved anthropometric indices, modified blood lipid fractions and bowel movement desirably. The study suggest that herb and fiber-rich dietary supplement might help control body weight, body fat loss and adult diseases positively.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2021

Lifestyle is changing rapidly, and food consumption patterns vary widely among households as dietary and food processing technologies evolve. This paper reclassified the food group of consumer panel data established by the Rural Development Administration, which contains information on purchasing agricultural products by household unit, and compared the consumption characteristics of agricultural products by age group. The criteria for age classification were divided into groups in their 60s and older with a prevalence of 20% or more metabolic diseases and groups in their 30s and 40s with less than 10%. Using the LightGBM algorithm, we classified the differences in food consumption patterns in their 30s and 50s and 60s and found that the precision was 0.85, the reproducibility was 0.71, and F1_score was 0.77. The results of variable importance were confectionery, folio, seasoned vegetables, fruit vegetables, and marine products, followed by the top five values of the SHAP indicator: confectionery, marine products, seasoned vegetables, fruit vegetables, and folio vegetables. As a result of binary classification of consumption patterns as a median instead of the average sensitive to outliers, confectionery showed that those in their 30s and 40s were more than twice as high as those in their 60s. Other variables also showed significant differences between those in their 30s and 40s and those in their 60s and older. According to the study, people in their 30s and 40s consumed more than twice as much confectionery as those in their 60s, while those in their 60s consumed more than twice as much marine products, seasoned vegetables, fruit vegetables, and folioce or logistics as much as those in their 30s and 40s. In addition to the top five items, consumption of 30s and 40s in wheat-processed snacks, breads and noodles was high, which differed from food consumption patterns in their 60s.