• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.4
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• pp.361-370
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• 2020

Long-term observation of the life cycle of plants allows the identification of critical signals of the effects of climate change on plants. Indeed, plant phenology is the simplest approach to detect climate change. Observation of seasonal changes in plants using digital repeat imaging helps in overcoming the limitations of both traditional methods and satellite remote sensing. In this study, we demonstrate the utility of camera-based repeat digital imaging in this context. We observed the biological events of plants and quantified their phenophases in the northern temperate type deciduous broadleaf forest of Jeombong Mountain. This study aimed to identify trends in seasonal characteristics of Quercus mongolica (deciduous broadleaf forest) and Pinus densiflora (evergreen coniferous forest). The vegetation index, green chromatic coordinate (GCC), was calculated from the RGB channel image data. The magnitude of the GCC amplitude was smaller in the evergreen coniferous forest than in the deciduous forest. The slope of the GCC (increased in spring and decreased in autumn) was moderate in the evergreen coniferous forest compared with that in the deciduous forest. In the pine forest, the beginning of growth occurred earlier than that in the red oak forest, whereas the end of growth was later. Verification of the accuracy of the phenophases showed high accuracy with root-mean-square error (RMSE) values of 0.008 (region of interest [ROI]1) and 0.006 (ROI3). These results reflect the tendency of the GCC trajectory in a northern temperate type deciduous broadleaf forest. Based on the results, we propose that repeat imaging using digital cameras will be useful for the observation of phenophases.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.759-767
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• 2021

Most weapons systems that are Force Integration are expensive equipment that reflects the latest technology, and the operation and maintenance cost is increasing continuously. Factors that efficiently operate and maintain these weapon systems include maintenance plans, economic costs, and repair part requirements. Among them, predicting the repair parts requirements during the life cycle in advance is an important way to increase operation and maintenance cost efficiency and operating availability. The start of requirement analysis for repair parts is a calculation of the CSP (CSP: Concurrent Spare parts, CSP hereafter) that is distributed when the weapon system is deployed. The CSP is an essential component of achieving the operating availability during this period because the weapon system aims to successfully perform a given operation mission without resupply for an initial set period. In the present study, the CSP calculation method was analyzed, reflecting the failure rate and operating time of items, but the analyzed CSP was aimed at preparing for technical failure, but in the initial operating environment, it is limited in coping with unexpected failures caused by human error. The failure is not included in the scope of free maintenance and is a serious factor in making the weapon system inoperable during the initial operation period. To prevent the inoperable status of a weapon system, CSP that considers human error is required in the initial operating environment, and the calculation criteria and measures are proposed.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.194-200
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• 2021

The aim of this study was proceed for 6weeks to determine the effect of middle-aged women's upper lips ms by SUKI programs. A total of 20 subjects were tested, and the SUKI arbitration programs of Pattern T1, Pattern T2, Pattern T3, Pattern T4 were adopted three times a week in six weeks. The results were as this. It showed a significant difference in the EG, although some of the intra-group comparisons of the upper lip ms. Therefore, SUKI programs have been shown to help improve the elasticity of the upper lip ms(p<.05). In this study, the SUKI program was used based on the fact that although limited, the elasticity of the upper lip ms, located in the facial part of a middle-aged woman, causes various wrinkles around her mouth, making them lose confidence in their appearance. This also suggests that normal facial ms can affect the appearance of the female middle-aged woman, and it was intended to suggest some ways to manage the appearance by proper management of facial muscle according to the life cycle of the female middle-aged woman. In conclusion, we hope that in the future, various experiments will be used as new research data on how to prevent women's facial skin beauty and wrinkles and help improve elasticity of facial muscles around the mouth.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2021

The Calendar(曆法) has been a very important concern in every dynasty of history.『Hyupgiltongui』 written in the Joseon Dynasty included many contents related to the Calendar. In particular, the ancient rule of the Calendar(曆律) shown in the text of 『Hyupgiltongui』 Bonwon chapter one is meaningful in the process of creating the necessary Calendar for selection and reading fortune. Accordingly, we tried to analyze the rule of the Calendar(曆律) that is the fundamental principle of the Calandar(曆法) and the almanac which can be used in real life, based on comparative analysis of 『Hyupgibyeonbangseo』, 『Sanggiltongseo』 and 『Cheongidaeyo』, which are the basis of 『Hyupgiltongui』. Saju Myung-ri is the scheme of time change by the combination of Ganji (Celestial Stems). Therefore, the core of the calendar system is to make four pillars by the year, month, day, and time. For doing this, 『Hyupgiltongui』 provides basic principles and materials for making four pillars using constellations like 28 Fixed Stars, as well as does simple composition principle for telling fortune such as Ten Celestial Stems, Twelve Zodiac Signs, the order of four seasons(四序), Yukjin(六辰) and Sexagenary Cycle (甲曆). However, despite the limitations of the results produced by the rule of the Calendar(曆律), we came to the conclusion that if reading fortune in Saju(四柱簡明) is to find good one(吉) in terms of understanding it as the rule of predicting future(術法) not science, its usefulness cannot be ignored.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.374-387
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• 2020

This study was conducted to provide basic data for monitoring the trend of ecosystem change and establishing management plans for wetland protection areas by understanding the status of naturalized plants. In 21 wetland protection areas, 129 taxa, including 10 invasive alien species, were recorded. The naturalized plants appeared mostly as 71 taxa in the Chimsil wetland and were not observed in the Moojechineup and Sumeunmulbaengdui wetlands. Among the naturalized plants, 42 taxa (32.6%) originated from North America. Annual and biennial plants accounted for 68.2% (88 taxa). The frequencies of occurrence of naturalized plants growing in dry secondary grasses such as Erigeron annuus and Trifolium repens were high, and clonal plants that propagated by making stolons and struck roots accounted for 19.4% (25 taxa). The naturalized and urbanization indices showed positive correlations with location factors such as wetland, agricultural land, and used area. However, a negative correlation was found between altitude and forest. Therefore, a management plan that synthetically considers the occurrence frequency and growth characteristics of naturalized plants as well as the locational characteristics of wetland protection areas is required.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.54
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• pp.111-154
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• 2018

The protection of fundamental rights of people is a natural duty of a state. Since Constitutional Law declare that a state is obliged to protect the fundamental rights of people obviously, it is reasonable to postulate that a state has a duty to protect every person's right much more positively. Of course, it is true that whereas right of freedom is much more important in modern states, the social right becomes more important currently. Nevertheless, we have no choice but to put an emphasis on the importance of the right of freedom like modern states. Thus states are still bound to try to protect the right of people, specific duty of behavior for the sake of right of freedom belongs to states. In particular, due to the fact that lifts are essential to our comfortable life and the demage from the accident concerning with the lifts is fatal, the strategy for securing the safety of using the lifts is significant to some extent. And because it is true that the experience of UK that put an emphasis on the role of civil actors is meaningful to us, there seems implications for us. Accordingly, it is possible to consider the material components such as the check of safety before installation for the sake of safety enhancement, quality control for lifts parts, specification of check criterion and variation of check cycle etc. and personal ones such as specification of qualification of competent persons, guarantee of competent person's independence, variation of obligator's duty and variation of user's obligation etc. However, as the situation of UK is one thing and that of Korea is another, we don't have to adhere to the policy and the experience of UK strictly. Rather, we had better apply the policy and experience of UK to ours appropriately.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2021

Zn and Al added LiNi0.85Co0.15O2 cathode materials were synthesized to improve electrochemical properties and thermal stability using a solid-state route. Crystal structure, particle size and surface shape of the synthesized cathode materials was measured using XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). CV (cyclic voltammetry), first charge-discharge profiles, rate capability, and cycle life were measured using battery cycler (Maccor, series 4000). Strong binding energy of Al-O bond enhanced structure stability of cathode material. Electrochemical properties were improved by preventing cation mixing between Li+ and Ni2+. Large ion radius of Zn+ increased lattice parameter of NC cathode material, which meant unit-cell volume was expanded. NCZA25 showed 80% of capacity retention at 0.5 C-rate during 100 cycles, which was 12% higher than that of NC cathode. The discharge capacity of NCZA25 showed 104 mAh/g at 5 C-rate. NCZA25 achieved 36 mAh/g more capacity than that of NC cathod. NCZA25 cathode material showed excellent rate capability and cycling performance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.449-455
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• 2020

Inventory management is one of the important business functions for manufacturing companies to determine market responsiveness. Customers' needs are diversifying, and the life cycle of products is decreasing, thus increasing the importance of inventory management. However, for small-scale manufacturing companies, investing in an IT system for inventory management is practically difficult. In this study, we introduce an inventory and warehouse management model that can be applied simply and quickly in small-scale manufacturing companies. Firstly, we introduce the concept of the properties of inventory and provide an analytical methodology based on the age and quantity of the inventory. Secondly, in accordance with the properties of the inventory, we introduce location management rules for warehouse operation. To apply the proposed model, we studied a wallpaper manufacturing company and verified the applicability of the proposed methods in the field. The proposed model can be applied immediately as part of on-site improvement activities by small-scale manufacturing companies, and inventory management activities are expected to reduce bad long-term inventory and further secure storage capacity for warehouses.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.6_1
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• pp.1339-1348
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• 2020

Phytoplankton controls marine ecosystems in terms of nutrients, photosynthetic rate, carbon cycle, etc. and the degree of its influence on the marine environment depends on their physical size. Many studies have been attempted to identify marine phytoplankton size classes using the remote sensing techniques. One of successful approach was the three-component model which estimates the chlorophyll concentrations of three phytoplankton size classes (micro-phytoplankton; >20 ㎛, nano-; 2-20 ㎛ and pico-; <2 ㎛) as a function of total chlorophyll. Here, we examined the applicability of Geostationary Ocean Colour Imager (GOCI) to the mapping of the phytoplankton size class distribution in the East Sea. A fit of the three-component model to a biomarker pigment dataset collected in the study area for some years including a large harmful algal bloom period has been carried out to derive size-fractioned chlorophyll concentration (CHL). The tuned three-component model was applied to the hourly GOCI images to identify the fractions of each phytoplankton size class for the entire CHL. Then, we investigated the distribution of phytoplankton community in terms of the size structure in the East Sea during the harmful Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms in the summer of 2013.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.26-37
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• 2021

This study conducted a big data analysis on news to identify the agenda of media literacy, which has been socially discussed, and on which relevant policy directions will be proposed. To this end 1,336 articles from January 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020 were collected and a topic modeling analysis was conducted according to four periods. Five topics for each period were derived through the analysis, and implications based on the results are as follows. First, the government should implement a nation-level systematic approach to media literacy education according to life cycle stages to generate economic and cultural value. Second, local communities and schools should provide systematic support and education guidance activities to ensure a sustainable ecosystem for media literacy and prevent an educational gap and loss in learning. Third, efforts should be made in various aspects to minimize the side effects resulting from constantly providing media literacy education; furthermore a culture of desirable media application should be established. Finally, a research environment for scientific research on media literacy, active exchange of experience and value obtained in the field, and long-term accumulation of research results should be encouraged to develop a robust knowledge exchange culture.