• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.143-167
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• 2015

This paper addresses the issue how the total life cycle cost may be minimized and how the cost should be allocated to the acquirer and developer. This paper differentiates post life cycle change (PLCC) endeavors from PLCC activities, rigorously classifies PLCC endeavors according to the result of PLCC endeavors, and rigorously defines the life cycle cost of a software product. This paper reviews classical definitions of software 'maintenance' types and proposes a new typology of PLCC activities too. The proposed classification schemes are exhaustive and mutually exclusive, and provide a new paradigm to review existing literatures regarding software cost estimation, software 'maintenance,' software evolution, and software architecture from a new perspective. This paper argues that the long-term interest of the acquirer is not protected properly because warranty period is typically too short and because the main concern of warranty service is given to removing the defects detected easily. Based on the observation that defects are caused solely by errors the developer has committed for software while defects are often induced by using for hardware (so, this paper cautiously proposes not to use the term 'maintenance' at all for software), this paper argues that the cost to remove defects should not be borne by the acquirer for software.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.109-120
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• 2007

In this study, a bridge maintenance system is developed to generate performance-based optimum maintenance strategy by considering the life-cycle cost. A multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem is formulated to generate a tradeoff maintenance scenarios which satisfies the balance among the conflicting objectives such as the performance and cost during the bridge lifetime and a genetic algorithm is applied to the system. By using the developed program, this study proposes a process of optimum maintenance scenario applying to the steel girder bridge of national road. The developed system improves the current methods of establishing the bridge maintenance strategy and can be utilized as an efficient tool to provide the optimum bridge maintenance scenario corresponding to the various constraints and requirements of bridge agency.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.11
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• pp.1615-1621
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• 2014

A wireless tram which runs without catenary and instead uses batteries installed in the tram has been recently researched actively. This paper presents a new method maximizing absorption of regenerative energy of a wireless tram and extending life cycle of the energy storage device in the wireless tram by applying line-optimized charging and discharging scenario. Energy efficiency and life cycle of energy storage system (ESS) are highly dependent on the characteristic of operating conditions. For example, frequent charge and discharge with high power cause the problems that decrease the battery life cycles. Hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is combination of two ESSs which have complementary characteristics to each other. HESS can provide even better functionality and performance than the battery only ESS due to the synergy effect of two ESSs. This paper also provides a power distribution strategy and driving scenarios which increase the life cycle and energy efficiency of the HESS consisting of a battery and an ultra-capacitor. The developed strategy was tested and verified by a hardware-in-the-loop-simulation (HILS) system which emulates the a wireless tram.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.66-67
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• 2018

Large-scale construction projects require various license and technologies for the manufacturing and handling processes. Also, the whole life cycle business process management determines the success of the project. Then, the efficiency of the business conducted by stakeholders and their possessed technology should be enhanced in order to strengthen their competitive power. For this reason, many experts pointed out to focus on the improvement of the life cycle process and efficient management. Since it is very important to keep up-to-date data and utilize it for work during the long-term project to reflect changes in the large-scale project, the most important part of the project management in project is information change management. Therefore, the objective of this study is applying configuration management(CM) technique in order to managing change data generated for planning in early phase. The result of this research will certainly assist the large-scale project managers in the development of information change management system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.223-232
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• 2013

In this study, carbon emissions and energy consumption were evaluated to establish a design strategy which has low energy consumption and carbon emission production, by using life cycle energy (LCE) and life cycle $CO_2(LCCO_2)$ calculation methods in life cycle management(LCM) tools. After improvement design projects, the energy consumption and $CO_2$ emission were calculated and compared in three sewage treatment plants (STPs), which are A STP, B STP, and C STP. The reduction of carbon emissions was 28,020.1 ton $CO_{2-}e/yr$, 37,399.6 ton $CO_{2-}e/yr$ and 8,788.3 ton $CO_{2-}e/yr$, respectively. Production of energy was 792 TOE/yr, 1,235 TOE/yr and 1,023 TOE/yr, respectively. As a result, the estimation of energy and energy self-sufficiency was 5.1 %, 14.5 % and 23.5 %, respectively. The result of this study shows the LCM can be contributed to establish strategy for energy and carbon emission reduction in sewage treatment plants.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.135-147
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• 2012

Software architecture, as a blueprint for the system, should provide a robust foundation for design, implementation, and maintenance, for communication and documentation, and for reasoning about important system properties. Software architecture plays a central role during the whole software life-cycle. There are so diverse definitions of the software architecture, however, and there is no common agreement about what software architecture is. Examining 27 'published' definitions of software architecture, we synthesize an extensive model on the essential elements of software architecture, which consists of components, interaction among components, well-formed structure, reasons, and various perspectives. Further, we explore the possibility of unifying diverse software architecture definitions into a software architecture life-cycle model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.17-22
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• 2006

Online game industry is one of the most value added industry and continues to grow rapidly nowadays. This paper classifies the diffusion patterns of online games according to online game genre, estimates coefficients of innovation and imitation using Bass model, extracts the Bass-based adoption life cycle model which reflects the properties of each game, and then analyzes the diffusion pattern of each game. Through the research on the diffusion pattern of online games, if we can identify the characteristics of changing market and consumers in accordance with the product life cycle, we will provide the implications to the marketing strategy, which have to change at every stage of adoption life cycle, not to mention to investment plan.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.2
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• pp.59-87
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• 1996

This study has been done by giving the guide when development of menu or doing marketing strategy in Hotel Restaurant. All products and service has a regular course from induction in market to disappear, so it shall be come out Products Life Cycle theory. In eating business, under the tendency and existing cycle to change menu by taste of customers, liking variation, change of periodic status (environment), MLC(Menu Life Cycle) shall be advised by application PLC(Products Life Cycle) in the process of induction of some menu first and spreading the same business field and then deletion (disappearance) from menu because of no popular. In Emergence Stage, it shall be tried to inform new menu through Cooking Contest, presentation of new menu, free sampling party and others. In Growth Stage, it shall be changed package menu or set menu. In Maturity Stage, it shall be provided complimentary ticket, gift coupon or discount for the customers with some degree of selling record in order to increase using frequency and selling amount after insure new customers. In Decline Stage, it shall be groped for entry underdeveloped country or less advance nation, but there is no possibility to devote in enterprise, it shall be planned substitute menu development in order to withdraw. By inducting MLC concept, it shall be provided the available informations such as“how could some menu be circulate in some restaurant”“Accordingly do strengthen promotion activities or go to low developed area or overseas, or delete it from menuitems and so on”. In the time of decline some menu, it is judged to the time of plan(preparation) of new menu development. In the broad view, when consideration of the concept of menu life cycle, it shall be possible to know which menu is decayed and which menu is developed newly or grown-up, so it shall be provided the important information to estimate the tendency of changing menu and set-up a menu development plan.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.71-98
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• 1998

The study proved the fitness between competitive strategy and service operation strategy of service companies. The competitive strategy of a corporation is a major strategy playing the role of bridge linking both corporate strategy and functional strategy. And it is a choice of method how to win competitors in given area. There have been such a specific methodologies for acquiring competitive advantage as Porters competitive strategy, Miles and Snows adaptive strategy, and Life cycle strategy. But, many scholars have pointed that its more important for high corporate performance to determine the competitive strategy of a corporation fitting the external environment and internal structure. So its needed for successful cost-leadership or differentiation strategy to differentiate organizational function, resources, and various organizational factors. But there have been no methodologies or practical guidelines fitting competitive strategy, corporate structure, and external environment in sprite do service corporations growth. So, the study proved the fitness between competitive strategy and service operation structure in Airlines after selecting service structural elements necessary for strategic management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.259-268
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• 2008

This paper proposes a method to establish an optical lifetime maintenance strategy for deteriorating bridges in consideration of life-cycle performance and cost. A program is developed based on the proposed method, which can generate optimum maintenance scenarios not only at the individual member level but also at the system level of the bridge. By applying the developed program is studied through the comparative analysis of maintenance strategies generated at each level. According to the results of comparison between maintenance strategies of the member-level analysis and system-level analysis. It is expected that the establishment of a maintenance strategy through the bridge system-level analysis considering target, members reflects practical and reasonable results.