• 영어영문학
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.409-427
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• 2010

In this paper, I revisit and problematize "blackness" in THH by building on Toni Morrison's call for the theorization of "blackness" in American literature. THH has received much critical attention in the decades that followed its revival, but this paper argues that the meaning of "Africanist presence" has not been adequately addressed in 19th-century women writers' works. This paper is an effort to fill in this gap, and examines the ways in which "blackness" informed and shaped this most popular text of 19th-century America. This paper argues that THH demonstrates contemporary America's fear of "blackness," and rather than celebrating Capitola's feminist credentials or criticizing the lack of sensitivity to racial issues in THH, shows that the significance of the text lies in the ways in which it prophesies an impending national crisis mediated through the disruptive force of Capitola and Black Donald. THH certainly reiterates the popular, contemporary racial paradigms and excludes blacks from the conceptualization of "manhood," and it may seem that the issue of race is subsumed under gender issues when the text continuously privileges gender over race. However, at the same time, Black Donald and Capitola's disruptive energies signify the fear of explosive "blackness," and the disruptive stirrings of "blackness" permeate the novel as the energy that might rupture the seemingly tranquil order of antebellum South. The novel encodes and reflects the fear of blackness in the minds of its readers, and the popularity of this novel foretells nothing less than the explosion of Civil War.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.147-175
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• 2006

One of the biggest problems of Korean economy is polarization of firms for export and domestic demand and that of conglomerates and SME's achievement. One of the culprits lies weakness of intermediate industry such as machine tool. Since intermediate industry is important path where export performance affects domestic demand and whose actor usually is SMEs with high spill over effect in labor market. Especially, intermediate industry Is vulnerable because of industrial policy biased In backward linkage effect. However if a country fails to develop intermediate industry above some critical point, that country would fall in low-tech equilibrium without growth. In case of benign circle where final goods industry growth leads growth of intermediate industry and again it leads that of final goods industry, it can reach high-tech equilibrium. By contrast, in opposite case where in industrialization latecomer fails to link industries likewise above some critical point that country would fall in low-tech equilibrium without growth. Moreover, for several reasons, machine tool firms of Korea have difficulty in catching up technology above critical point. Firstly. Conglomerate demander neglects their product. Secondly, even after success of development overcoming difficulties they fail to get market share for response of dumping of foreign competitors. And the last one is patent litigation of foreign competitors that incapacitate the technology development. For these, Korean machine tool firms fell in 'middle-income country trap' itself, since they stuck in some extent when they technologically catch up. Consequently, for latecomer country in machine tool industry to leapfrog meaningfully policy support is necessary, Weak intermediate industry does not Induce domestic firms and remained fragile. Therefore, localization, policy should reflect condition of technological catch up more than before, in order to be effective and fruitful. There should be turning point over relationship between conglomerates, major demander of machine tool and SME's, for only with active purchasing of conglomerate Korean machine industry can grow.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제1호
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• pp.23-48
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• 2003

Art theorists support art productions by, introducing them to the public, explaining their meanings, and playing a crucial part in the development of art. These tasks seem like their opus. Because the principles of art production and the artistic languages are quite different from the ordinaries, we need 'interpreters' who can mediate us and the artists. Art works need interpretation. And the interpretation includes not only the characteristics of the given art work, but the customs, history, and the unique qualities of the race that produced the art work. The former director of the Korean National Museum, Choi Soon-woo wrote on the characteristics of Korean art as those that stem from the poised, arbitrary, and non-elaborate state of mind. The statement of the former Director of the National Museum has its weight far greater than just a personal opinion. In fact, we encounter the same resonance of this statement over and over reproduced in the mass media. The problem lies on that it deals with not only a single art work, but the entire Korean art. And going further, this kind of remarks are already infused into every sector of our thought on art appreciation. In this paper, I argue for a re-reading of the characteristics of Korean beauty based on two reasons. First, the characteristic of art work is contemporary, thus we cannot define the characteristics of entire Korean art in a few words without the context of the period of its making. Second, Director Choi defined the characteristics that I pointed out above as 'natural' and 'nature-friendly.' Nature or being natural is not an usual word that defines the characteristics of art work, which stands for the opposite side of the nature in the binary opposition of nature/culture. To delve into these misunderstandings of Korean beauty in the popular notions of Korean art, I suggest the re-reading of three major articles on Korean art: Ryoo Jong-yeol's "Korean race and its art," Ko You-seup's reiteration of Ryoo's thesis called "Discourses in Korean Art History and Aesthetics," and Yoon Hee-soon's antithesis of Ryoo Jong-yeol titiled "Studies on Korean Art History."

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.7-19
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• 2001

항공이용자가 항공사를 선택하는데 있어서 대형 항공사고가 발생하기 이전에는 간과하였던 "항공안전"이라는 변수가 항공사고 이후에 항공사 선택에 보다 중요한 영향을 미쳤다는 것이다. 따라서 항공이용자가 고려하는 선택기준이 과거에 비해 상당히 변화하였다고 판단되며 이러한 항공이용자의 행동변화 연구를 위해 실제로 김포국제공항의 국제선, 국내선 여객터미널을 이용하는 내·외국인을 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 실증분석을 하였다. 본 연구는 정부의 항공안전에 대한 근본적인 정책수립과 항공안전정책에 기초한 항공사의 제도적 장치 마련 등 항공사가 일으키는 항공사고를 감소시키는 노력의 일환으로 국적항공사가 대외경쟁력을 강화시키는데 일조 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.87-109
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• 2019

In the Iranian epic $K{\bar{u}}shn{\bar{a}}ma$, there is a rather interesting story that recounts how the inhabitants of $B.s{\bar{i}}l\bar{a}$ cross-breed their domesticated horses with a magical horse living in the sea in order to obtain fine-bred ones. What is even more interesting is that similar accounts are also seen in many of other classical Perso-Arabic works and Chinese sources. The regions that such events took place in mainly spread over Central Asia and western China while in $K{\bar{u}}shn{\bar{a}}ma$, the story happens in $B.s{\bar{i}}l\bar{a}$, a legendary kingdom with its historical prototype being Silla. By sorting out certain records of how ancient people sought fine horses by cross-breeding domesticated horses with wild horses that inhabited mountains and waters within Chinese sources and classical Muslim works, and comparing these accounts with similar plot lines as depicted in $K{\bar{u}}shn{\bar{a}}ma$, this paper attempts to elucidate that the story in $K{\bar{u}}shn{\bar{a}}ma$ is a result of flourishing land and maritime exchanges between East Asia and West Asia during ancient and medieval times, rather than a purely literary fiction. It was not only influenced by the horse culture that thrived over the Eurasian Steppe, but the story is also coincidentally in accordance with the fact that the nomadic zone which lies within the central Eurasian continent extends as far as the Korean Peninsula in northeast Asia.

• 영미문화
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2018

In Woman Watches over the World, Linda Hogan explores the broken identity of herself and her family, the issue of the poverty and the identity crisis, the alcoholism, prevalent in the Native American community and their silenced history. Previous studies have claimed that her memoir contributes to the restoration of Native American identity and history by accusing the violence of white culture, and seeks to recognize a dialogue between native culture and white mainstream culture as well. However they seem to overlook the complicated relations among story, identity, body and nature, to which Hogan as a multi-binded storyteller resorts as a way to break the silence of herself and her tribe for healing. Her own story, as a way to break the silence, becomes the formative drive to reveal the silenced history of her own tribe to lead the young generation to the future. She also understands the formative function of the story, which becomes the vehicle for embodying and connecting themselves to nature. To her, healing lies in the restoration of sympathetic relationship with nature. History, as a type of story, can be made up or mistold just like a story. There may be a blind spot where one can not assess what is true. In spite of the vision of the parallel worlds of the two cultures she presents, there seems to be no immediate solution to the discrimination against the Native American, poverty, identity crisis, and environmental problems which the Native American community faces. However, it can be said that her memoir serves as a rudder by presenting a direction to not only the Native American but also to readers in other cultures in its quest for practical possibilities for the future.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권6호
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• pp.7-22
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• 2002

Animation constitutes the core of the media industry, which in turn lies at the center of the cultural industry. It is considered one of the industries where South Korea has the competitive edge over other countries. With the pool of customers getting wider, the genre of animation has become more and more diverse, forming a great market for it. Aware of this trend, this study focused on animation as a part of the pop culture, and on providing corresponding various viewpoints for future cultural studies. This researcher measured the practicality and persuasiveness of this study through Shreck, a three-dimensional C.G. animation which is acclaimed for its success in dismantling the old grammar of animation movies that represent the anti-Disney ideas. This researcher felt it imperative to heed the unique language of Shreck, which contains discourses on various cultural ideologies such as paradoxical structure that pits entertainment that is shown through dismantling of the canon, feminism and antifeminism against each other. This study analyzed the entertaining element of the animation genre by means of the Semiotics of Keith Moxey, thereby attempting to establish a legitimate social status of the genre, whose artfulness has been depreciated in the art society. In chapter II, this researcher examines the chronological development of three-dimensional C.G. animation that has shown a rapid advancement. Chapter III defines the cultural ideology of Shreck by exploring basic theories and texts employed in analysis of art works. This study started with the assumption that defines, from the viewpoint of symbology, the animation text as an aggregate of discourses on entertainment, and competitive and paradoxical ideologies. Then, this researcher analyzed the text and the generation process of meanings in Shreck. Consequently, this study has come to the following conclusions: First, Shreck induces changes of concepts about the canon by means of distorting and reversing the existing animation movies, which seems to reflect in the contemporary tendency of seeking new interpretations of entertainment. Second, Shreck shows up the cognitive changes of our age as to feminism by competing feminism against antifeminism. Although Shreck serves as a venue of competition between the two opposing ideas, it stops short of brushing off women as outsiders in society. Rather, it represents the resistance to the male chauvinism existing in the structures of animation and culture. As shown in the text analysis, Shreck presents an advent of a new ideology critical of the previous animation films. In addition, it reflects in the struggle between the pro-feminism on the part of the viewers and the anti-feminism that lies in the social and culture structure. This study, however, is limited in its scope and selection of subject. First, although this researcher has stressed the importance of understanding the animation as part of the pop culture and conducting researches within the historic paradigm, this study fails to provide an in-depth insight in the impacts that the changes in the C.G. industry and the systematic conditions may have on the three-dimensional C.G. animation genre. Furthermore, this study runs the risk of being understood as pro-American due to its selection of Shreck as its research subject.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2006

본 연구는 2003년 10월부터 2005년 8월까지의 ARGO 뜰개에 의해 수집된 CTD 자료를 이용하여 울릉도 주변 해역의 수온-염분의 시공간 변동 양상을 분석하였다. 울릉도 주변 해역 상층 700m에서의 수괴는 5종류로 세분할 수 있으며, 가을 표층에는 여름의 고온저염수에 비해 더 저온저염화 된 수괴가 존재한다. 염분최소층을 갖는 동해중층수는 평균적으로 수심 265 m에 존재하며, 수온은 $1\~5^{\circ}C$염분 34.06 psu이하이고 평균 두께는 175m이다. 동해중층수의 두께는 시공간적으로 크게 변하지 않지만, 울릉난수성 소용돌이가 존재하는 경우 동해중층수의 위치 수심은 더 깊어지고, 이 영향으로 상부동해고유수의 수심 또한 저층으로 침강하게 된다. 본 자료에 의하면, 울릉난수성 소용돌이가 갖는 볼록렌즈 모양의 수온 구조는 700m수심까지 존재한다. ARGO 뜰개들이 수집한 약 2년의 측정 기간과 짧은 시간 간격의 수직 수온-염분 프로파일 자료는 연구 해역의 상세 수직 구조 및 단기 시간-공간 변동성을 이해하는데 대단히 유용하였다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.67-83
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• 2005

1. Objectives The purpose of this study lies on the objectification of the Sasang Constitutional diagnosis. This study was analyzing the constitutional characteristic of adult men voices by PSSC-2004. 2. Methods The study was conducted on the subjects inputted /a/ 2.5-3 sec of 231 adult men voices to PSSC-2004. The statistical analyses are applied to three groups: total group, under 55 year-old group, over 55 year-old group. The group of total 231 was composed with 5 Taeyangins, 32 Soyangins, 102 Taeumins and 92 Soeumins. The under 55 years old group was composed with 4 Taeyangins, 23 Soyangins, 83 Taeumins and 77 Soeumins. The over 55 year-old group was composed with 1 Taeyangin, 9 Soyangins, 19 Taeumins and 15 Soeumins. 3. Results 1) In total group, the Soeumin's mean value of center pitch(4)$(1,000{\sim}2,000Hz)$ was significantly high compared with the others (P=0.034). 2) In total group, the Soeumin's group 3 APQ was significantly low compared with the others (P=0.042). 3) In under 55 year-old group, the Soeumin's center value of center pitch 4$(1,000{\sim}2,000Hz)$ was significantly high compared with the others (P=0.025) 4) In over 55 year-old group, no statistical significance was found between the Taeyangin, Soyangin, Taeumin and Soeumin. 4. Conclusions In under 55 year-old group, Soeumin's voice showed high pitched sound (clearness) at the low frequency (1000-2000Hz). In over 55 year-old group, there is no significant differences. This fits in with that 'Soeumin's voice is 'Yu-tone' born by 'Shang-tone', very short and high.' 'Yu-tone' corresponds to 'Ra' and witch is highest among Gong, Shang, Gao, Chi and Yu. This is related with the appearance that the Soeumin's voice is weak, thin and high tone. Therefore it is supposed that Soeumin adult men's voices are thick, and there are vibrations of the ending. It is accepted one of the Soeumin's characters like as a mild tremor of limbs and deep breath caused by Soeumin's Qi-deficiency. This outcome accords with the theory that Soeumin's Qi is less than the Other constitutions.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.143-166
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• 2012

1장에서는 항공권 초과예약의 개념, 항공사의 초과예약 운용실태, 그리고 그에 따른 문제의 본질이 무엇인지를 제시한다. 2장에서는 초과예약으로 인해 탑승거부를 당한 승객이 보상을 요구하는데 필요한 법적장치가 충분한지를 검토한다. 현재 우리나라에는 국제법적, 국내법적, 행정적 구제수단이 전무(全無)하거나 불충분하지만 미국과 유럽은 그렇지 않음을 대비시켜 실효적 구제수단의 마련이 시급함을 강조한다. 3장에서는 초과예약의 형법상 사기죄 구성가능성을 검토한다. 1절에서는 사기죄의 객관적, 주관적 구성요건과 초과예약의 양태를 비교하고 대법원의 확립된 판례를 정리해 초과예약이 우리나라 법정에서 사기죄를 선고받는데 부족함이 없음을 보여준다. 필요한 결론에 이르렀음에도 논문은 더 나아가 대법원 판례와 반대 입장에 있는 학설(다수설)의 부당함까지 논증한다. 학설은 사기죄가 성립하기 위해 피기망자의 '재산상 손해'가 필요하다고 한다. 이 논의는 사기죄의 보호법익에 관한 논의와 논리적 근거를 공유하므로 우선 2절에서 학설이 주장하는 보호법익의 대상부터 논박한다. 학설은 사기죄의 보호법익이 '재산권'이며 '거래의 진실성'과 '신의칙'은 부차적인 것이라고 주장한다. 하지만 논문에서는 후자가 곧 '경제적 의사결정의 자유'로서 사기죄의 주된 보호법익이 되는 것임을 반증한다. 이어 3절에서는 '경제적 의사결정의 자유'침해가 바로 '재산상의 손해'와 동일한 것임을 개념적 분석을 통해 논증하여 학설의 자기모순을 증명해 보인다. 이어 4절에서는 외국의 판례와 입법례를 제시하여 3절이 도출한 결론의 논거를 다시 한 번 공고히 한다. 따라서 논문은 항공사의 초과예약 관행이 이론과 현실재판 모두에서 사기죄의 구성 가능성이 매우 높다는 결론에 이른다.