• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.79-96
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• 2023

Objectives This study was designed to review the effect of Jakyakkamchobuja-tang on rat model with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods We used seven databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Korean studies Information Service System, National Digital Science Library) from their inception to May 2023 without language restrictions. Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias. RevMan software (V5.4) was used for the meta-analysis. Results Five studies were selected following our inclusion criteria. The arthritis index decreased significantly (standardized mean difference=-2.06; 95% confidence interval=-3.07 to -1.04; p<0.0001) in Jakyakkamchobuja-tang group. Also, serum cytokines in serum and paw swelling degree decreased in Jakyakkamchobuja-tang group. Conclusions Jakyakkamchobuja-tang may be effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Although there is a limitation that the design of drug dosage varies between papers, it can be expected to be applied as an alternative to Western medicine, and it is believed to contribute to the standardization of herbal treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.67-86
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• 2001

A strain producing strongly fibrinolytic enzyme was isolated from soil and was identified to be Bacillus subtilis by biochemical and physiological characterization. The optimal culture conditions for the production of fibrinolytic enzyme was determined to be 1.0% tryptone, 1.5% soluble starch, 0.5% Peptone, 0.5% NaCl, $(NH_{4})_{3}PO_4.3H_{2}O, and MgSO_{4}.7H_{2}O.$ Initial pH and temperature were pH 8.0 and $30^{\circ}C$ , respectively, The highest enzyme production was observed at 30 hours of cultivation at $30^{\circ}C$ The fibrinolytic enzyme was purified to homogeneity by DEAE Sephadex A-50 ion exchange column chromatography, 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-200 and G-75 gel filtration column chromatography. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 28,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A gene encoding the fibrinolytic enzyme was cloned into a plasmid vector pBluescript, transforming E.coli XL-1 Blue. The clone was able to degrade fibrin, This indicated that the gene could encode a fibrinolytic enzyme. The nucleotide sequence of the 2.7 kb insert was determined in both direction. One open reading frame composed of 1023 nucleotides was found to be a potential protein coding region. There was the putative Shine-Dalgano sequence and TATA box upstream of the open reading frame. The homology search data in the genome database showed that both the 2.7 kb insert and 1 kb open reading frame carried no significance in the nucleotide sequence of known fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus serovars. The recombinant cell harboring the novel gene involved in fibrinolysis was subjected to protein purification. The molecular mass of the purified fibrinolytic enzyme was determined to be 31864 Dalton, which was highly in accordance with the molecular mass(33 kDa) of the fibrinolytic gene deduced from the insert. The fibrinolytic enzyme was Purified 50.5 folds to homogeneity in overall yield of 10.7% by DEAE Sephadex A-50 ion exchange, 85% ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-50, Superdex 75 HR FPLC gel filtration. In conclusion, a novel fibrinolytic gene from Bacillus subtilis was identified and characterized by cloning a genomic library of Bacillus subtilis into pBleuscript. For the soybean fermented by this strain, it is found that there increased assistant protein about 20% compared to the soybean not fermented and increased about 30% according to amino acid analysis and, in particular, essential amino acid increased about 40%. When keeping this fermented soybean powder at room temperature for about 70days, it showed very high stability maintaining almost perfect activity and, therefore, it gave us great suggestion its possibility of development as a new functional food.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.259-280
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• 2013

There has been a dramatic increase in the proportion of temporary employees in LIS fields, due to current trends of restructuring, automation, complete personnel systems, and complete wage systems. This research, therefore, conducted a survey exploring the current status and working environment of the temporary posts in LIS fields, in order to understand and direct the employment prospects of potential librarians. Results show that the average working period of more than half of temporary librarians are between 1-3 years. The total working period as a temporary librarian, including former experiences in their career, were evenly distributed between 1-5 years. Among those, being temporary often persisted, as 32% of temporary librarians stayed in their temporary status for more than 5 years. Second, temporary librarians perceived themselves as working the same hours as regular librarians, having independent or assistant tasks to regular librarians, and having a neutral or larger amount of tasks than regular librarians. Third, temporary librarians are employed and contracted from the work place, generally having contracts of less than 2 years or an open contract, which shows a serious level of job instability. Therefore, we should consider the following: proper remuneration for work of equal value, professional contractors, the supplementation of the total wage system and the number of public employees in the system as well as changing temporary positions to permanent positions and so on.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.20
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• pp.317-349
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• 1993

The purpose of this study lies in identifying Korean scientists' dependency on foreign scientific and technical information (STI), with emphasis on investigating the causes and results. Especially, this study intends to investigate the impacts that a growing dependency on foreign STI might have brought and will bring about on the development of indigenous STI in ROK. To the end, the present discussion covers the following specific research questions: 1) what are the major information sources used by Korean scientists to locate STI necessary for research-related activities\ulcorner 2) to what extent do Korean scientists use foreign STI for research-related activates, as compared to the use of domestic STI\ulcorner 3) what are the major factors causing the information dependency among Korean scientists and what are the results of the growing information dependency\ulcorner And finally, 4) what suggestions can be made for ROK to further its indigenous STI development, while minimizing its dependency on foreign STI\ulcorner Survey method, together with citation analysis method, is employed as the major data collection technique. The survey sample consists of 167 most 'representative' Korean scientists selected on the basis of their research productivity. 167 specially-designed questionnaires were mailed and 104 out of 167 were responded. Follow-up interviews were carried out for 32 out of 104 respondents, who returned the questionnaire but did not answer some specific questions. The data collected from these 104 respondents were analyzed on the basis of two distinguished groups namely, junior and senior scientist groups. Among the 104 respondents, 58 a n.0, ppeared to belong to a group of senior scientists (older than age 45 and finished their final degrees since 1980), and 46 belonged to a group of junior scientists (younger than age 45 and finished their final degrees before 1980). The major findings of the present study include: 1) Korean scientists regard 'scientific and technical journals and books'as the most important information source to obtain the recent STI; 2) their dependency on foreign STI, for the purposes of research and teaching, is extremely high (information dependency for research activities is 88.5%, and that for teaching activities 91.2%); 3) the information dependency of junior scientists are higher than that of senior scientists; 4) Korean scientists' growing information dependency is closely related to both small quantity and low quality of domestically-produced STI, and has a statistically significant relationship with their educational background; and finally, 5) in order to theoretically explain the growing information dependency of Korean scientists, a hypothesis - 'chronic cycle of information dependency' was developed and introduced. The present study suggests the promotion of indigenous STI as a desirable alternative to escape from the 'chronic cycle of information dependency. Localization of the imported foreign STI is suggested as a good strategy for the indigenous STI development, and also suggested are STI policies for both success of localization process and promotion of more efficient STI flows at national and international level.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.20
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• pp.351-381
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to analyze the various processes and patterns to build or synthesize class numbers in the 800 class of the Dewey Decimal Classification, Edition 20(1989). The results of the analysis are as follows: 1. The 800(Literature and rhetoric) class in the DDC system is the main class added analytico-synthetic principle positively to an enumerative scheme. 2. The facets to be a n.0, pplied in literature are language literary form literary period ; kind, scope, or medium ; notation 08(collection) or 09(criticism) literary feature, subject, author, etc. 3. In the 800 class, there are the five tables of precedence for literary forms aspects ; specific kinds of persons ; literary, period in relation to the aspects for works treating more than one literary form subforms, aspects and literary periods in the works treating a specific literary form. 4. The basic number synthesis of literary works proceeds through the various facets in the following sequence, as far as necessary for the item : base no. + literary form + literary time or period + kind, scope, or medium + notation 08 or 09 + subform + additional notation from T3C and other tables. 5. In view of the multiplicity of facets, their synthesis formulas take the following order : (1) Works about the literature : base no.(schedule) + language(T6) or form(T3B) (2) Works by or about individual author : base no.(schedule) + form (T3A) + period(schedule) + subform(T3A) (3) Works by or about more than one author, not restricted by language facet : base no.(schedule) + period(T1) ; base no.(schedule) + kind, scope, medium(T3B), or feature(T3C), or person(T5). (4) Works by or about more than one author, restricted by language facet : base no.(schedule) + form (T3B) + period(schedule) + subform(T3B) + notation 08 or 09(T3B) ; base no.(schedule) + notation 08 or 09(T3B) + 9(T3C) + area notation(T2) : base no.(schedule) + form (T3B) + notation 008 or 009(T3B) : base no.(schedule) + form (T3B) + kind, scope, medium(T3B) + notation 08 or 09(T3B) + period(schedule). (5) Affiliated literatures for which period numbers are not us base no.(schedule) + form (T3A or T3B), or notation 08 or 09(T3B) : base no.(schedule) + kind, scope, medium(T3B), feature(T3C), or person(T5) 6. The problems in the number building of the 800 class are the complexity and difficulty of number synthesis, the intrinsic weakness of from distinction and the inconvenience of retrieval inherent in the form class. In order to solve these problems, therefore, the citation orders and methods of DDC should be improved and synthesis patterns simplified from the point of view of its applicability and its usefulness in the "literature class".

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.295-300
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• 2015

There are various type of particle accelerators such as Kyoungju 100-MeV proton beam accelerator in Korea. And Korea plans to build large particle accelerator such as heavy ion accelerator and 4th generation light source facility. The accelerated high energy particles of these facility produce 2nd neutron after nuclear reaction with target materials. And then these 2nd neutron activate structural materials and surrounding environment. Accordingly, it is important to consider the activation and shielding calculation on design of facility for safety operation. In this study, we tried to calculate and compare the neutron flux from the interaction $^{la}150$ beam with target material(Cu) according to thickness of iron and concrete shielding material by MCNPX 2.7 with nuclear library JENDL/HE 07and la150. To verify the properties of nuclear library, we compared computational results with experimental value. These results can be used for dose evaluation technology in planning of the shielding of large particle accelerator.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.4A
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• pp.336-344
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• 2005

Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT) is the oncoming generation of compression technique that has been selected for MPEG4 and JEPG2000, because it has no blocking effects and efficiently determines frequency property of temporary time. In this paper, we propose an efficient bit-serial architecture for the low-power and low-complexity DWT filter, employing two-channel QMF(Qudracture Mirror Filter) PR(Perfect Reconstruction) lattice filter. The filter consists of four lattices(filter length=8) and we determine the quantization bit for the coefficients by the fixed-length PSNR(peak-signal-to-noise ratio) analysis and propose the architecture of the bit-serial multiplier with the fixed coefficient. The CSD encoding for the coefficients is adopted to minimize the number of non-zero bits, thus reduces the hardware complexity. The proposed folded 1D DWT architecture processes the other resolution levels during idle periods by decimations and its efficient scheduling is proposed. The proposed architecture requires only flip-flops and full-adders. The proposed architecture has been designed and verified by VerilogHDL and synthesized by Synopsys Design Compiler with a Hynix 0.35$\mu$m STD cell library. The maximum operating frequency is 200MHz and the throughput is 175Mbps with 16 clock latencies.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.323-338
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• 2022

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral disorder of unknown etiology which presents therapeutic challenges. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has been studied as a potential treatment for BMS. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of ALA compared to that of placebo or other interventions in individuals with BMS. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) using ALA to treat BMS were identified from MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to February 3, 2021. The assessment of the risk of bias in the included studies was based on the Cochrane guidelines. The primary outcome evaluated was the visual analog scale (VAS) pain intensity. ALA was compared with placebo, clonazepam, gabapentin, pregabalin, ALA plus gabapentin, capsaicin, Biotène^®, and laser therapy. Altogether, 137 records were scanned for inclusion/exclusion, and nine RCTs (two unclear and seven at high risk of bias) were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses, with a total of 594 patients with BMS included in this review. All studies reported an improvement in VAS pain scores ranging from -0.72 to -2.77. Meta-analysis results showed a non-significant reduction in pain intensity for ALA (P = 0.616) compared to that of placebo on a VAS of 0-10. Patients taking ALA were 1.923 times more likely to show an improvement in self-reported BMS symptoms (P = 0.031) than those in the placebo group. Clonazepam and pregabalin showed a significant VAS pain reduction of 4.08 and 4.68 (P < 0.001), respectively, compared to that with ALA. Although ALA intervention provided a non-significant improvement in the pain score and was more likely to produce a reduction in BMS symptoms, the evidence was of low quality. Further research is needed to establish clear guidelines for the use of ALA for BMS treatment.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.297-308
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• 2021

Objective : Shunt infection is a common complication while treating hydrocephalus. The antibiotic-impregnated shunt catheter (AISC) was designed to reduce shunt infection rate. A meta-analysis was conducted to study the effectiveness of AISCs in reduction of shunt infection in terms of age, follow-up time and high-risk patient population. Methods : This study reviewed literature from three databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library (from 2000 to March 2019). Clinical studies from controlled trials for shunt operation were included in this analysis. A subgroup analysis was performed based on the patient's age, follow-up time and high-risk population. The fixed effect in RevMan 5.3 software (Cochrane Collaboration) was used for this meta-analysis. Results : This study included 19 controlled clinical trials including 10105 operations. The analysis demonstrated that AISC could reduce the infection rate in shunt surgery compared to standard shunt catheter (non-AISC) from 8.13% to 4.09% (odds ratio [OR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.58; p=0.01; I2=46%). Subgroup analysis of different age groups showed that AISC had significant antimicrobial effects in all three groups (adult, infant, and adolescent). Follow-up time analysis showed that AISC was effective in preventing early shunt infections (within 6 months after implant). AISC is more effective in high-risk population (OR, 0.24;95% CI, 0.14-0.40; p=0.60; I2=0%) than in general patient population. Conclusion : The results of meta-analysis indicated that AISC is an effective method for reducing shunt infection. We recommend that AISC should be considered for use in infants and high-risk groups. For adult patients, the choice for AISC could be determined based on the treatment cost.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 2011

The performance of peripheral devices is improving rapidly to meet the needs of users for multimedia data. Therefore, the peripheral interface with wide bandwidth and high transmission rate becomes necessary to handle large amounts of data in real time for multiple high-performance devices. PCI Express is a fast serial interface with the use of packets that are compatible with previous PCI and PCI-X. In this paper, we design and verify general peripheral interface using serial link. It includes two kinds of traffic class (TC) labels which are mapped to virtual channels (VC). The design adopts TC/VC mapping and the scheme of arbitration by priority. The design uses a packet which can be transmitted through up to four transmission lanes. The design of general peripheral interface is described in Verilog HDL and verified using ModelSim. For FPGA verification, Xilinx ISE and SPARTAN XC3S400 are used.We used Synopsys Design Compiler as a synthesis tool and the used library was MagnaChip 0.35um technology.