• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.153-176
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• 2012

This study gives an account of the state of baby-boomer households in regard to assets and liabilities utilizing the 2006 Household Asset Survey and the 2011 Survey of Household Finances. Using the data gathered from each year, this study examined the proportion of households who had each type of asset and liability, and the amount of them. This study also compared the amount of assets and liabilities of baby-boomer households with those of non baby-boomer households in 2006 and 2011 respectively. Finally, this study examined the amount of change and composition ratio of assets and liabilities of baby-boomer households between 2006 and 2011. Selected financial ratios were also presented for both years. Major findings are as follows. The average asset amount for baby-boomer households was approximately 296 million in 2006 and 392 million in 2011. Of total assets, 78% and 76.5% were real assets in 2006 and 2011 respectively. The average financial assets of 2006 baby-boomer households were approximately 66 thousand and the average amount of debt was 42 thousand. For 2011 baby-boomer households, the average amount of financial assets was 92 thousand and the average amount of debt was 73 thousand. Results from the 2011 survey showed that baby-boomer households had a significantly higher proportion of total assets, total debt, and net worth than non baby-boomer households. The proportion of savings, saving insurance, stocks, and mutual funds were significantly higher for baby-boomer households than non baby-boomer households in 2011. In regard to financial ratios, the emergency fund index and debt burden index were appropriate to the guidelines of asset quality, although the propensity to investment indexes were not.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.3-32
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• 2008

In proportion to recent developments in aviation technology and growth of the air transport market, the risk of damages to third parties caused by aircrafts and the likelihood of unlawful interference on an aircraft in flight has grown larger. The war risk insurance market was paralyzed by the 9/11 terror event. And if another event on the scale of 9/11 occurs, compensations for third party damages will be impossible. Recognizing the need to modernize the existing legal framework and the absence of a globally accepted authority that deals with third party liability and compensation for catastrophic damage caused by acts of unlawful interference, the ICAO and various countries have discussed a liability and compensation system that can protect both third party victims and the aviation industry for the 7 years. In conclusion, in order to provide adequate protection for victims and the appropriate protection for air transport systems including air carriers, work on modernizing the Rome Convention should be continued and the new Convention should be finalized in the near future. Korea has not ratified the relevant international treaties, i.e. Rome Convention 1933, 1952 and 1978, and has no local laws which regulate the damage caused by aircraft to third parties on land. Consequently, it has to depend on the domestic civil tort laws. Most of the advanced countries in aviation such as the United States, England, Germany, France and even China, have incorporated the International Conventions to their national air law and governed carriers third party liability within their jurisdiction. The Ministry of Justice organized the Special Enactment Committee for Air Transport chapter under Commercial Law. The Air Transport chapter, which currently includes third party liability, is in the process of instituting new legislation. In conclusion, to settle such problems through local law, it is necessary to enact as soon as possible domestic legislation on the civil liability of the air carrier which has been connected with third party liability and aviation insurance.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.254-264
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• 2015

Background: Pain medicine often requires medico-legal involvement, even though diagnosis and treatments have improved considerably. Multiple guidelines for pain physicians contain many recommendations regarding interventional treatment. Unfortunately, no definite treatment guidelines exist because there is no complete consensus among individual guidelines. Pain intervention procedures are widely practiced and highly associated with adverse events and complications. However, a comprehensive, systemic review of medical-dispute cases (MDCs) in Korea has not yet been reported. The purpose of this article is to analyze the frequency and type of medical dispute activity undertaken by pain specialists in Korea. Methods: Data on medical disputes cases were collected through the Korea Medical Association mutual aid and through a private medical malpractice liability insurance company. Data regarding the frequency and type of MDCs, along with brief case descriptions, were obtained. Results: Pain in the lumbar region made up a major proportion of MDCs and compensation costs. Infection, nerve injury, and diagnosis related cases were the most major contents of MDCs. Only a small proportion of cases involved patient death or unconsciousness, but compensation costs were the highest. Conclusions: More systemic guidelines and recommendations on interventional pain management are needed, especially those focused on medico-legal cases. Complications arising from pain management procedures and treatments may be avoided by physicians who have the required knowledge and expertise regarding anatomy and pain intervention procedures and know how to recognize procedural aberrations as soon as they occur.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.3-25
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• 2007

In 2002 Republic of Korea successfully launched a self-made mined proportion rocket and it is expected that she will be able to have own space launching system by 2010. According to Article 14 of the Space Exploration Promotion Act, a new law should be established to impose the limit of compensation for the damage by space accident. Therefore, The Space Accident Liability Act was passed in Korean Congress on Nov. 22, 2007 and it will be enforced in six months. The purpose of this Act is to provide reparation for the damage of the third parties that a launch causes; and the Commonwealth should be insured against any possible space accidents to pay for such a damage. Here space accident means the damages to our life, body, and properties from the launching of space objects. There should be an actual loss to establish the compensation of Liability Act. Article 2 in Liability Act defines "damage" as follows: the term "damage" means loss of life, personal injury or loss of or damage to property of persons. Physical and material damages are included in the conception of damage. The meaning of a launching includes any test launch and launch for a real arrangement which will ultimately provides a wide range of compensation. Article 4 indicates that absolute liability should be imposed in compensating for damage by space accidents. Article 4 also indicates that a launching party should be absolutely liable to compensate for the damage caused by its space object on the surface of the Earth. In general, liability stands where fault is. But if the activity is ultra-hazardous and causes serious harm, the individual needs to compensate for the damage unlimitedly. Because of the many launchings for the Seattleite launching, a launching organization is obligated to the liability insurance in preparation for the space accidents. According to the Article 6 of Space Accident Liability Act, to be insured for the compensation for damage is obligatory. It says: "In accordance with Article 11 in the Space Exploration Promotion Act, the person who wants to receive an approval f3r launching needs to be insured in compensation for the possible damage by space accidents.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2022

A report released by the Chinese Maritime Court found that the natural environment and other objective factors have greatly reduced the risk of ship collision accidents with the advancement of technologies. However, collisions between merchant ships and fishing boats occur frequently along the coast during fishing seasons, which should be highly valued. International conventions and domestic legislation in China comprise detailed laws with respect to ship collisions, but the theory of ship collision infringement needs to be improved, enriched, and developed. Meanwhile, the development of the tort liability law provides theoretical support for ship collision infringement. As far as China's ship tort legal system is concerned, the research on ship collision tort damage compensation is relatively extensive, and the constitutive elements and causality of ship collision tort liability have also been studied in depth. The purpose of this paper is to explore the domestic legislation applicable to disputes related to ship collisions in China. As these laws are unclear on the resolution of disputes resulting from ship collisions, significant attention has been focused on the final judgments by the Supreme Court of China (SPC), as well as the judicial judgments set by the Maritime Court of China.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.169-172
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• 2021

The article discusses the results of a quantitative analysis of open educational resources in the field of information technology. Study is based on a study of the content of ten platforms that provide access to open resources (OPs). To achieve this goal, we used the following methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of Internet sources to determine the popularity of educational platforms and resources on them; quantitative data analysis to determine the relative proportion of IT courses in various parameters: the relative weight of courses in the IT field in general and on each platform in particular, the language of instruction, the quantitative content by thematic areas. The following platforms providing access to open educational resources were subjected to quantitative analysis: Coursera, Edx, Udemy, MIT OpenCourseWare, OpenLearn, Intuit, Prometheus, UoPeople, Open Learning Initiative, Maidan Open University.

• 의료법학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.177-225
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• 2011

Verdicts related to major medical litigation given by the Seoul Central District Court, the Seoul High Court and the Supreme Court in 2010 were analyzed. It's shown that in cases of the medical negligence regarding the occurrence of neonatal cerebral palsy, the plaintiff claims were dismissed using criteria proposed by associations of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics in US, and thereof the burden of plaintiffs to prove the medical negligence has increased. In addition, in case of that the expected survival period of infants gets longer, payments for treatment and nursing after survival period determined by judges are made and it was judged to compensate it as a periodical indemnity. In case for the explanation obligation the most frequently mentioned in the medical litigation, in addition to cases of invoking the existing theory of explanation obligation, verdicts to mention the instructions of theory regarding instruction explanation obligation and the possibility of compensation for damages on property are given. Particularly, in cases for a liability of reparation by exaggerating the effects and not disclosing the risks related to treatment with stem cells, even if the treatment not approved by Food and Drug Administration is in violation of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law, it's not illegal as violation in Pharmaceutical Affairs Law itself. But there is a certain verdict to present the possibility of an extension of the theory of explanation obligation by acknowledging the liability of reparation caused by illegal acts with no explanations of effects and risks of treatment with stem cell by doctors and pharmaceutical companies. In an incident in which a mental patient fell and died through the opened door of the roof at the hospital, a liability of reparation was acknowledged due to defects in structure installation management and this verdict drew an attention since the overall management responsibility about patients including structures was acknowledged to the hospital besides the obligations on medical practice. In case of the verdict without giving the opportunity to state the opinion with respect to the main legal issues, the responsibility of the court was emphasized since the court did not fulfill the explanation obligations. There were some cases in which payments for nursing and caring to a patient in vegetative state during the plastic surgery was admitted. However, in dental-related incidents, the proportion of cases in which plaintiff won was low since the difficulty of proving may be reflected. In the area of administrative litigation, unlike the existing position regarding arbitrary medical charge cover collected from patients in hospital, the verdict to admit the legitimacy of collection of medical treatment was given and attracted the attention of people. Verdict in which the expression related to medical advertisement was not exaggerated disposed the original verdict and pointed out the problem of excessive regulations on medical advertisement. The effort to analyze the trend of verdicts of court through reviewing the decisions and to organize should be continued, but the full decision should be disclosed as a base, and people and systems to enable the all time monitoring should be prepared.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.65-81
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• 2015

This study reports a preliminary finding of the types and numbers of graphs being presented in the annual reports of about thirty top listed companies trading publicly in the stock markets of three countries-Thailand (SET), Malaysia (BM), and Singapore (SGX)-that were chosen based on their inclusion in the ASEAN Stars Index under the ASEAN Trading Link project. A total of 6,753 graphs from nineteen sectors were extracted and examined. Banking, real estate, and telecommunications are ranked the three most condense sectors, accounting for 50.2% of the total number of graphs observed. The three most used graphs are the Conservative Bar, Donut graph and Stack Bar. Less than one percent of Infographic type graphs were used. The five most depicted graphed variables are Asset, Revenue, Net profit, Liability, and Dividend. Using rudimentary framework to detect distorted or misleading statistical graphs, the study found 60.6% of the graphs distorted across the three markets, SET, BM, and SGX. BM ranked first in percentages of graphs being distortedly presented (73%). The other two markets, SET and SGX, have about the same proportions, 53.88% and 53.03%, respectively. Likewise, the proportions of Well-designed versus Inappropriate-designed graphs of the latter two markets are a little over one time (SET = 1 : 1.17; SGX = 1 : 1.13), whereas the proportion is almost triple for the BM market (BM = 1 : 2.70). In addition, the trend of distorted graphs found is slightly increasing as the longevity of the ASEAN Stars Index increases. One possible explanation for the relatively equal proportion of inappropriate graphs found is that SET is the smallest market and SGX, though the largest, is the most regulated market. BM, on the other hand, may want to present their financial data in the most attractive manner to prospective investors, thus, regulatory constraints and governance structure are still lenient.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2020

IOPC펀드 총회에서 위험·유해물질(HNS)의 피해보상에 대한 국제협약이 2021년과 2022년 사이에 협약의 발효요건을 충족할 것으로 보고하는 등 각 국의 협약비준과 국제적인 관심이 증가하고 있다. 협약이 발효되면 HNS 운송선박은 책임제한액까지 보험가입이 강제화 되고, 동 물질을 수령하는 화주는 선박 책임보험 제한액을 초과하는 피해 보상을 위한 국제기금 보상금에 대하여 분담금을 납부하게 된다. 우리나라는 세계적인 주요 해운국가이며 화주국가로 동 협약이 관련 산업계에 미치는 영향을 분석할 필요성에 의해 이 연구를 착안하였다. 동 협약의 대상 선박과 분담금 납부 대상자의 조사는 해양수산부 자료를 통해 분석 하였고, 보험료 추계는 한국해운조합과 K P&I에 보험가입 선박으로 검토하였으며, HNS 화물량에 따른 분담금에 대한 검토는 화물별 국제적인 대표협회의 연차보고서를 통해 분석하였다. 우리나라 외항선박 및 내항선박 1,500여척이 협약 대상선박으로 파악되었고, 대부분의 선박은 협약에 따른 보험료 변동 영향은 미미하였으나, 내항 급유선박 150여척이 협약에 따른 보험료 상승이 예상되는 등 해운업계의 영향이 예상되는 것으로 분석된다. 화주 등 관련 산업계의 경우 화물터미널 52개사가 국제기금 분담금 납부 대상으로 파악되었으며, HNS 개별 회계별로 우리나라의 화물량 비중이 세계 3~4위권으로 분석되어 협약비준에 따른 분담금 납부의무도 상당부분 예상되었다. 우리나라의 HNS 운송선박의 입출항 실태와 화물량 등을 고려할 때 우리나라의 협약비준 타당성은 충분한 것으로 분석되었으며, 협약의 비준시기는 세계 주요 화주국가들과 조율하는 것이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.577-586
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• 2022

한·중 무역거래가 날로 증가함에 따라 한·중 양국의 해상운송 규모가 빠르게 확대되고 있다. 하지만 이는 선박충돌문제를 초래하고 있으며, 특히 한·중 양국 선박이 밀집한 황해와 동해 수역에 집중되어 있다. 선박충돌 사고가 해상 교통안전과 해상 환경에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 동시에 선적국, 충돌발생지 등 섭외적 요인으로 인한 복잡한 법적 문제를 야기하고 있다. 한·중 양국의 국내법 규정이 서로 다르기 때문에 양국은 같은 문제에 대해 서로 다른 의견을 보이고 있다. 국제적으로도 일부 관련 선박충돌에 관한 국제조약들이 있으며 이러한 국제조약들은 모두 각국의 이익균형의 결과물이며 궁극적인 목적은 글로벌 선박충돌과 관련한 법률의 통일에 있다. 한중 양국은 선박충돌 방면에서 모두 국제조약을 참조하여 국내법을 국제조약에 접목하였으며 이는 동시에 해사국제법의 통일에도 적극적인 작용을 하였다. 침권책임법의 발전은 선박충돌의 침해에 대한 이론적 뒷받침을 제공하였다. 중국 해사법원이 발표한 보고서에 따르면 과학기술 수준의 제고에 따라 자연환경과 객관적 영향요인이 선박 충돌사고 위험을 크게 낮췄으나 해안에서 상선과 어선이 충돌하는 사고가 자주 발생하므로 이를 중시해야 한다. 국제조약과 중국국내의 입법에서는 선박충돌에 대한 세부적인 법적 규정을 두고 있지만 선박충돌침해이론에 대하여 여전히 이를 보완하고 발전해 나가야 한다. 본 글은 선박충돌 적용에 있어서 중국입법 및 사법사례의적용을 검토하는 동시에 한국의 법률규정을 참조하여 선박충돌문제에 대한 한중 양국의 법률규정에 대하여 비교하고자 한다.