• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권sup1호
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• pp.107-111
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• 2016

Sex cord tumors with annular tubules are known to originate from the sex cord of embryonic gonads that synthesize Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, granulosa cells, and theca cells of the ovarian stroma, while ovarian small cell carcinoma of the hypercalcemic type is a type of neuroendocrine tumor. Both these tumors are uncommon, potentially malignant neoplasms in children. We report the case of a sex cord tumor with annular tubules in an 11-year-old girl and a case of small cell carcinoma of the hypercalcemic type in a 10-year-old girl. We also discuss the prognosis and management of these tumors.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.648-655
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• 2018

신령버섯 액체배양추출물(Agaricus blazei mycelial liquid culture extract: ABMLCE)과 eritadenine (EA)의 mouse 정소 Leydig TM3 세포에서 testosterone (TS) 생성에 관한 연구를 정상 조건과 산화스트레스 조건에서 수행하였다. 정상 조건에서는 TM3 세포를 DMEM 배지에 배양하면서 EA (0~100 ppm)와 EA (0~50 ppm) + ABMLCE (10 ppm)를 24 hr처리하였다. 산화스트레스 조건에서는 TM3 세포를 $H_2O_2$ ($50{\mu}M$)를 4 hr 처리하고 정상 조건과 동일하게 처리하였다. DMEM 배양물에 함유된 TS 함량, HSD3B2 효소 활성, $5{\alpha}-R2$ 효소 활성과 NO 함량을 assay kit를 사용하여 측정하였다. EA는 정상 조건이나 산화스트레스 조건에서 TS 함량을 유의성 있게 증가시켰고, ABMLCE와 ABMLCE + EA도 TS의 함량을 증가시켰다. TS 전구체 생성에 관여하는 HSD3B2 효소 활성은 두 조건에서 모두 EA, ABMLCE, ABMLCE + EA에 의해서 증가되었다. 또한 TS를 DTH로 전환시켜 TS함량을 감소시키는 역할을 하는 $5{\alpha}-R2$ 효소활성은 정상 조건 및 산화스트레스 조건에서 ABMLCE에 의해서만 감소되었다. Free radical로 작용하는 NO의 함량은 두 조건 모두 EA, ABMLCE, ABMLCE + EA에 의해 감소되었다. 이 결과는 EA, ABMLCE, ABMLCE + EA 처리가 TM3 세포의 HSD3B2 효소 활성을 증가시키고, NO 생성을 억제하여 TS 함량을 증가시켰음을 의미하며 EA + ABMLCE 혼합물이 남성 성기능개선 물질로 사용될 수 있음을 의미한다.

• 환경생물
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.308-312
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• 2003

Various pesticides known or suspected to interfere with steroid hormone function were screened toy effects in leydig cells on catalytic activity and mRNA expression of aromatase. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is a widespread environmental pollutant. In this study, we investigated the effect of DDT on testosterone production through aromatase activity and its molecular mechanism in testicular leydig cell, R2C by using radioimmunoassay (RIA). As the results, the potent leydig: cell activator LH increased testosterone production compared to the control. DDT exposure significantly decreased testosterone production in R2C cell. In addition, DDT was found to increase aromatase gene expression and activity in R2C cell in a dose dependent manner. In order to assess whether the suppressive effects of DDT on LH-inducible testosterone (T) production might be influenced by the ER, ICI 182.780 was used, and it was found that these inhibitory effects of DDT were antagonized by ICI 182.780, implying that the estrogen receptor (ER) mediates the suppressive effects of DDT. Furthermore, the inducible effects of DDT on aromatase gene expression might be influenced by the ER, ICI 182.780 was used, and it was found that these enhancing effects of DDT were antagonized by ICI 182.780, implying that the ER mediates the inducible effects of DDT. Our results indicated that DDT inhibition of luteinizing hormone (LH) -inducible T production in R2C cell is mediated through aromatase. However, the precise mechanisms by which DDT enhance in R2C cell remains unknown. The current study suggests the possibility that DDT might act as a modulator aromatase gene transcription.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.654-670
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• 2022

Spermatogenesis and testis development are highly structured physiological processes responsible for post-pubertal fertility in stallions. Spermatogenesis comprises spermatocytogenesis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. Although germ cell degeneration is a continuous process, its effects are more pronounced during spermatocytogenesis and meiosis. The productivity and efficiency of spermatogenesis are directly linked to pubertal development, degenerated germ cell populations, aging, nutrition, and season of the year in stallions. The multiplex interplay of germ cells with somatic cells, endocrine and paracrine factors, growth factors, and signaling molecules contributes to the regulation of spermatogenesis. A cell-tocell communication within the testes of these factors is a fundamental requirement of normal spermatogenesis. A noteworthy development has been made recently on discovering the effects of different somatic cells including Leydig, Sertoli, and peritubular myoid cells on manipulation the fate of spermatogonial stem cells. In this review, we discuss the self-renewal, differentiation, and apoptotic roles of somatic cells and the relationship between somatic and germ cells during normal spermatogenesis. We also summarize the roles of different growth factors, their paracrine/endocrine/autocrine pathways, and the different cytokines associated with spermatogenesis. Furthermore, we highlight important matters for further studies on the regulation of spermatogenesis. This review presents an insight into the mechanism of spermatogenesis, and helpful in developing better understanding of the functions of somatic cells, particularly in stallions and would offer new research goals for developing curative techniques to address infertility/subfertility in stallions.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회 발표자료집
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• pp.11-13
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• 2001

사람을 포함한 포유류의 정자형성과정은 시상하부에서 분비된 생식소자극호르몬 방출호르몬 (gonadotropin releasing hormone)의 영향 하에 뇌하수체에서 합성 분비되는 난포자극호르몬 (follicle stimulating hormone; FSH) 과 황체화호르몬 (luteinizing hormone; LH)에 의해서 조절된다. LH의 라이디히 세포 (Leydig cells) 자극으로 인한 testosterone 의 합성분비가 성체(adult)의 정자형성과정과 그 유지(maintenance)에 매우 결정적이다. 반면, FSH는 미성숙 개체의 정소에서 일어나는 예비적 정자형성과정에 있어 중요한 역할을 하며, 성체에서도 질적인 면에서의 정자형성과정에 관여하는 것으로 사려된다. 그러므로, 시상하부-뇌하수체-정소의 축(axis)을 이루는 어느 한 성분에서라도 이상이 생기면 정자의 형성과정은 치명적인 영향을 받을 수 있다. (중략)

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1996년도 한국생물과학협회 국제학술대회
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• pp.256.1-256
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• 1996

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 1986

Teter와 Boczkowski (1966)는 testicular feminization syndrome을 두 그룹으로 분류했는데, 그것들 중에서 하나는 陰毛가 없고 정상적인 陰核을 갖고 있는 경우 (A group)이며, 다른 한 그룹은 陰毛도 있고 陰核은 팽대된 경우이다 (B group). 그러나 본 연구의 대상자는 위의 두 그룹의 중간형을 나타낸다 (C group). 각 그룹의 차이점을 알기 위하여 우리들은 鼠蹊部에서 제거한 精巢의 미세구조를 관찰하였으며, 精巢培養과 血球培養을 시도하여 染色體를 분석하였다. C 그룹의 細精管은 Leydig세포나 Sertoli세포의 분포나 성숙도 그리고 基底膜의 두께 등에서 A나 B그룹과 상이한 점을 나타낸다. 陰毛나 陰核의 형태상의 차이는 위와 같은 차이점들로 인해 야기된 것이라고 생각된다.

• 환경생물
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

Abstract - Global decline in wildlife mammals has been accelerated during past decades. Especially the conservation the wild life mammals in polar areas, is urgent. In an effort to understand the reproduction of the seals dwelling in the polar area, spermatogenesis in the seals was reviewed. Seals breed seasonally and in most of the seal species, delayed implantation is frequently observed. To date, histological and endocrinological evaluation revealed highly cyclic nature in supermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in testis. Seasonal changes in blood testosterone level together with melatonin is closely related with changes in light cycle between summer and winter. In adult testis at breeding seasons, spermatogenesis is manifested by consecutive 18 stages of germ cell development. Three kinds of Leydig cells different in steroidogenic activity as well as cellular morphology appear during the testis development. During non-breeding season, spermatogenic arrest and Leydig cell hypoplasia are frequently found. Interestingly, blood circulation through the anastomoses of pelvic veins cooled the testes and thus guarantees spermatogenesis within the body trunk. Endocrine disruptors and heavy metals have been found in the body tissues of several seals species and alter steroidogenesis in seals, suggesting environmental pollutants together with decrease in habitats are potentially threatening the reproductive success in seal species.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3561-3568
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• 2012

The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a member of the largest family of cell surface receptors, the G protein-coupled receptors involved in calcium homeostasis. The role of the CaSR in neoplasia appears to be homeostatic; loss of normal CaSR-induced response to extracellular calcium is observed in cancers of the colon and ovary, while increased release of PTHrP is observed in cancers of the breast, prostate and Leydig cells. Currently CaSR can be considered as a molecule that can either promote or prevent tumor growth depending on the type of cancer. Therefore, recognition of the multifaceted role of CaSR in gliomas and other malignant tumors in general is fundamental to elucidating the mechanisms of tumor progression and the development of novel therapeutic agents. Emphasis should be placed on development of drug-targeting methods to modulate CaSR activity in cancer cells.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.425-438
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• 1997

To assess the testicular toxicity induced by DA-125, a new anthracycline anticancer agent, the test substance was intraveneously administered to male beagle dogs at dose levels of 0, 0.0023, 0.0375, 0.15, and 0.6 mg/kg/day, 6 days a week for 26 weeks. At 0.6 mg/kg/day, 1 out of 3 dogs had died on day 42 of treatment and the other dogs were sacrificed on days 46 and 122 of treatment due to the increasingly severe clinical condition. Clinical signs considered to be related to treatment were included anorexia, vomiting, salivation, decreased activity, mucous and/or dark faeces, diarrhea, and swelling, abscess and/or ulceration of injection sites. Suppression in body weight gain, reduction in food intake, decreases in testicular weight and size, and hemorrhage of epididymis were also observed in male dogs. Microscopically, severe degenerative changes such as atrophy of seminiferous tubules, loss of germ cells, degeneration of germ cells, vacuolization of Sertoli cells, and hyperplasia of Leydig cells were observed in all dogs. Azoospermia in epididymal tubules, atrophy of epithelia in the cauda epididymis, and prostate atrophy were also found. At 0.15 mg/kg/day, anorexia, vomiting, salivation, diarrhea, and swelling of injection sites were observed. In addition, suppression in body weight gain and decreases in testicular weight and size were found in male dogs. Atrophy of seminiferous tubules, decrease of germ cells, degeneration, exfoliation and retention of germ cells, vacuolization of Sertoli cells, and hyperplasia of Leydig cells were observed by histopathological examination. Azoospermia in epididymal tubules and prostate atrophy were also found. At 0.0375 mg/kg/day, there were no clinical signs considered to be indicative of a reaction to treatment, but testicular size was significantly reduced. Microscopically, decreases in the number of spermatogonia and epidydimal speramtozoa were found. There were no evidences of general or testicular toxicity at 0.0023 mg/kg/day. These results indicate that DA-125 produces significant and persistent damage to the spermatogenic compartments of the testes in male beagle dogs.