• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.107-126
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• 2007

This study explored the buffering effect of family resilience between family stress and adjustment of single parent family based on family resilience approach. Results of the study were as followed: First, single parents who had a lower level of family stress and a higher lever of family resilience reported a higher level of family adjustment. Second, family stress especially economic stress and relational stress influenced negatively on adjustment of single parent family. Family belief system, organizational pattern and communication processes of the three sub-factors of family resilience influenced positively on family adjustment. However the sub-factors of family resilience had more powerful effects than family stress. Third, family belief system, organizational pattern and communication processes of the three sub-factors of family resilience had a moderating effect between family adjustment and psychological stress and between family adjustment and relational stress. Especially the three sub-factors of family resilience had a buffering effect between family adjustment and relational stress. The results of this study had important implication for theory, research, and practice. The study showed that adjustment of single parent family could be significantly explained by family resilience rather than family stress. Accordingly strength perspective-based intervention focused on family resilience would be more effective than deficit perspective-based intervention based on family stress.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.11-39
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• 2013

Since slender structures such as utility poles, radio masts, and chimneys, are essentially statically determinate structures, they often collapse during earthquakes. Although vibration control is the most logical method for improving the earthquake resistance of such structures, there are many practical problems with its implementation due to their very long natural vibration period. This paper proposes a new vibration control device to effectively prevent the collapse of slender structures subjected to strong earthquakes. The device consists of a pendulum, an elastic restraint and a lever, and is designed such that when it is attached to a slender structure, the second vibration mode of the structure corresponds to the first vibration mode of the same structure without the device attached. This is highly effective in causing the transverse motions of the device and the structure to oppose each other and so reduce the overall transverse vibration during an earthquake. In the present paper, the effectiveness of the vibration control device is first evaluated based on laboratory experiments and numerical studies. An example of applying the device to a tall chimney is then simulated. A new dynamic analytical method for slender structures with abrupt rigidity variations is then proposed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.196-200
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• 1997

Glasshouse investigations were carried out to investigate the development and yield of Atylosia scarabeoides on soils of the northern guinea savanah zone of Nigeria. Seeds were sown at four rates 50, 75, 100 and 125 kg/ha. Single superphosphate (SSP) fertilizer was applied at sowing at four rates 0, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha. Seeding (plant) population at one month and at harvest was significantly (p < 0.01) influenced by seeding rate but not fertilizer level. Fresh herbage yield was strongly (p < 0.01) dependent on fertilizer level, with the highest (not significant) dry matter yield at 90 kg SSP/ha. Seeding rate had no significant effects on herbage yield. The crude protein content of herbage rose with increase in fertilizer level although there were no significant differences between the various seeding and phosphorus rates. No significant interactions were observed between seeding rate and phosphorus lever. The yields were generally high, indicating good prospects for pasture development with A. scarabeoides in the zone, although field trials would be of benefit.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.579-586
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• 2016

This paper describes kinematic analysis of a 6-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) ultra-precision positioning stage based on a flexure hinge. The stage is designed for processes which require ultra-precision and high load capacities, e.g. wafer-level precision bonding/assembly. During the initial design process, inverse and forward kinematic analyses were performed to actuate the precision positioning stage and to calculate workspace. A two-step procedure was used for inverse kinematic analysis. The first step involved calculating the amount of actuation of the horizontal actuation units. The second step involved calculating the amount of actuation of the vertical actuation unit, given the the results of the first step, by including a lever hinge mechanism adopted for motion amplification. Forward kinematic analysis was performed by defining six distance relationships between hinge positions for in-plane and out-of-plane motion. Finally, the result of a circular path actuation test with respect to the x-y, y-z, and x-z planes is presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.104-110
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• 2005

In this paper, unmanned vehicle system and VFF algorithm development with vehicle dynamics is the main topic as a part of Intelligent Transportation System. Unmanned vehicle system is classified by vehicle system and control system. Authors used RC servo motor for longitudinal control via throttle angle, shift lever control, and brake control. For lateral control, authors used step motor, equipped with reduction gear. Unmanned vehicle has nine ultrasonic sensors in front of the unmanned vehicle. After the microcontroller computes the distance between unmanned vehicle and obstacle, the control computer calculates the steering angle enough to avoid the obstacle.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the uses and exterior design of the balconies in urban housing from the ancient times to the 19th century. In doing so, the paper seeks to investigate the cultural identity of the balcony in urban housing. The results are as follow. First, in the urban housing the balcony space were made for protection from the heat, light and ventilation; gardening; views toward the streets, city, waterside, inner court, domain for men; breathing french air; watching ceremony, festivals and events; simple houseworks like drying, carpet cleaning and hair coloring; lever installation and fire escape. Second, as part of exterior design the typical projecting characteristic of the balconies was emphasized and they became an impotent decorative element. The monotonous facade changed to a lively design with a rhythmical sense. On the facade the effects of horizontal movement, symmetry or asymmetry from the main entrance, and the center-projection (rialto) were created. In the urban housing the balconies were used for cultural activities which supplement and enlarge the function of the interior space, and moreover the rich effects of the facade contributed to the creation of attractive urban landscape.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.1 s.145
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• pp.123-129
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• 2007

An artificial insemination instrument of bumblebee queens was firstly developed. This instrument consists of location tube, transfer tube, holding tube, head product, and probe apparatus for reproductive tract etc. This instrument was designed to minimize stress and damage of reproductive tract of bumblebee queens. The regulator handle apparatus in artificial insemination instrument was used the principle of lever, that manipulates easy, accurate and rapid insemination of bumblebee queens. By using this instrument, the insemination rate was over 90%. This instrument will be useful for the breeding and conservation of excellent character of bumblebees.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2004

The significance of occlusion has regained its popularity in dentistry with the introduction of implant therapy. Literature has reported that the clinical success and longevity of dental implants can be achieved by biomechanically controlled occlusion. Occlusal overload is known to be one of the main causes for implant failure. Evidences have suggested that occlusal overload contribute to early implant bone loss as well as deosseointegration of successfully integrated implants. Unlike natural teeth, osseointegrated implants are ankylosed to surrounding bone without the periodontal ligament (PDL) which provides mechanoreceptors as well as shock-absorbing function. Moreover, the crestal bone around dental implants may act as a fulcrum point for lever action when a force (bending moment) is applied, indicating that implants/implant prosthesis could be more susceptible to crestal bone loss by applying force. Hence, it is essential for clinicians to understand inherent differences between teeth and implants and how force, either normal or excessive force, may influence on implants under occlusal loading. The purposes of this paper are to review the importance of implant occlusion, to establish the optimum implant occlusion with biomechanical rationale, to provide clinical guidelines of implant occlusion and to discuss how to manage complications related to implant occlusion.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.97-106
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• 2004

This study was carried out to offer basic research data to increase rural housewife's clothing management ability and to guide their behaviors clothing- related reasonably. For this purpose, the interview-investigation by the questionnaire was conducted as the samples of 500 housewives under 60 at 8 villages located in Seoul, Gwangju and Daegu and 8 villages located in some rural communities we randomly extracted. This questionnaire was made up the standardized measuring scales of clothing management behaviors and related variables. As a result, in a part of storage and disposal the rural housewife got 3.68 and 3.16, whereas the urban housewife got 3.59 and 3.03, respectively, indicating a significant difference, which meant that the rural housewife managed those of clothing better than the urban housewife. Generally, rural wives were better in doings in the part of management, storage, disposal, than urban wives. They, however, knew the knowledge of clothing less than urban wives, evaluated the importance of clothing lower and applied clothing-related mass media to their life lower. Therefore, the rural wives need educational guides and materials for improving of the clothing behaviors because they are older and lower education lever than urban wives and they have a little information, too.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.2367-2374
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• 1996

A generalized Scheil equation for the solute redistribution in the absence of the back diffusion during the dendritic solidification of binary alloys is derived, in which coarsening of the secondary dendrite arms is taken into account. The obtained equation essentially includes the original Scheil equation as a subset. Calculated results for typical cases show that the coarsening affects the microsegregation significantly. The eutectic fraction predicted for coarsening is considerably smaller than that for fixed arm spacing. The most important feature of the present equation in comparison with the Scheil equation lies in the fact that there exists a lower limit of the initial composition below which the eutectic is not formed. Based on the generalized Scheil equation and the lever rule, a new regime map of the eutectic formation on the initial composition-equilibrium partition coefficient plane is proposed. The map consists of three regimes: the eutectic not formed, conditionally formed and unconditionally formed, bounded by the solubility and diffusion controlled limit lines.