• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2009

The seven kinds of polyester fabrics having different fabric characteristics were investigated in terms of their dyeing levelness under various liquor ratios. The levelness was evaluated statistically from color strength obtained at different sections of each piece of dyed fabrics. The color strength data were analyzed using a exponential decay function of 3 parameters, $y=y_0+ae^{-bx}$. The b value of the function was used as a index of sensitiveness of dependence on liquor ratio of levelness. The index, b value, showed a linear proportional relationship to thickness of fabrics. Average unlevelness of dyeings exhibited a inverse proportional relationship to both weight and thickness of fabrics.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2004

Hydrolyzable organic esters were compared with ammonium sulphate as an acid donor for the pH control in dye-bath-reuse system of acid dyes mixtures. The ability of pH control, levelness, dyeing properties and reproducibility in dye-bath-reuse system were investigated comparatively. Hydrolyzable organic esters showed higher exhaustion and color yield than ammonium sulphate. In addition, hydrolyzable organic ester exhibited very low conductivity less than 0.5 mS, while ammonium sulphate give high conductivity. However, we could not observe any difference in levelness of dyed samples between two kinds of acid donors in laboratory scale dyeing. Over 10 cycles of reuse, hydrolyzable organic esters showed higher reproducibility than ammonium sulphate. No deterioration of the color fastness and levelness occurs over 10 cycles of reuse.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.49-50
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• 2008

Dyeing and levelness properties of dyed PET woven fabric using a ultra low liquor ratio laboratory dyeing machine have been compared with those of PET woven fabric using a regular laboratory dyeing machine. The dyeing and levelness properties of dyed fabrics using a ultra low liquor ratio laboratory were better than those of dyeing using regular laboratory.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.81-82
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• 2008

In order to design the dyeing process of polyester fibers at low liquor ratio the reproducbility and levelness of dyeings were investigated at various dyeing scale. The levelness was evaluated statistically from color strength obtained at different sections of each piece of dyed fabrics. As the dyeing scale increased, levelling properties was improved.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2020

Low temperature dyeing properties of wool with reactive dyes and acid dyes were investigated for the feasibility study of their application to hair dyeing. The low temperature(30℃, 40℃) dyeing achieved light depth of shade in wool dyeing and reactive dyeing exhibited relatively higher color strength and chroma values than acid dyeing. Leveling agent slightly improved the levelness of the wool dyeing and the leveling properties of dyed wool at low temperature were good to excellent, irrespective of the dyes applied. Color loss during the repeated shampooing was in the range of 9.6~22.2% for reactive dyes and -7.4~31.5% for acid dyes and in some cases, the color fastness to shampooing was reasonable level. The overall experimental results showed that the application of low temperature wool reactive dyeing to hair dyeing is sufficiently feasible in terms of dyeability and color fastness to shampooing.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 2001

Nine disperse dyes have been synthesized by diazotization of 2-amino-4-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-nitrothiazole and coupled to substituted N-alkylanilines. Spectral properties in the IR and visible range of the dyes obtained were investigated. The dyeing performance of these dyes was assessed on nylon and polyester fibers. These dyes were found to give reddish brown to bluish violet shades on dyeing with very good depth, brightness and levelness on nylon and polyester fibers. The dyed fibers showed fairly good light fastness, very good to excellent fastness to wash, rubbing, perspiration and excellent fastness to sublimation. The dyebath exhaustion and fixation on the fiber were found to be very good.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2002

A series of monoazo disperse dyes based on 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole was prepared using various N,N-dialkvlaniline derivatives as the coupling component. The dyes were characterized by IR spectral studies, visible absorption spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The dyeing performance of these dyes was assessed on cellulose triacetate and nylon fibers. These dyes were found to give a wide range of colour shades varying from bright red to royal blue with very good depth, brightness and levelness on fibers. The dyed fibers showed good to very good light fastness and very good to excellent fastness to washing, perspiration, rubbing and sublimation. The dyebath exhaustion and fixation on the fibers were found to be very good.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.387-392
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• 1994

Recently, as the problems according to lack of skilled labour and superior construction materials were gathering strength, there were required the advent of a special materials in building construction division. As a view of the point, the cement-based Self leveling mortar was developed for improvements of the former problems. The Self leveling mortar has the all kinds of the properties as followed the premixed products in plant, self-smoofhing, non shrinkgae etc, accordingly the finishing of concrete floor don't need skilled labour. The purpose of this study is to establish the introduction of a finishing construction method for concrete floor and slab using the cement-based self leveling mortar. Presented is a study on the basic properties of fresh and hardened self leveling mortar. To this end, an actual floor's finishing construction using the cement-based self leveling mortar was conducted in approximately 1,800㎡ floor as to compare the flatness and levelness after finighing.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.157-162
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• 2001

Dyebath used for metal complex dyeing of nylon microfiber was recycled to reduce the overall amounts of metal complex dyeing effluents. Instead of discharging the dyebath after each dyeing cycle, the residual dyebath was analyzed spectrophotometrically and reconstituted to the required concentration of dyes and auxiliaries. Dyebaths were reused eight times and the CIELAB coordinates of dyed samples were measured after each recycling. Color difference($\Delta$E*) between the sample dyed in the fresh bath and that from reused dyebath was maintained below 1.5. The levelness and fastness of dyed fabrics from recycled dyebath were not impaired either. Chromium content of each recycled dyebath was similar to that of the first residual dyebath.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.212-220
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• 2001

A series of polymeric dyes wre synthesized by free radical addition polymerication of monomeric dyes. The 2-amino-5-mrecapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole was diazotized and coupled with various N-arlmaleimides to give monomeric dyes. All the polymeric dyes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, visible absorption spectroscopy, viscometry. and thermogravimetric analysis. Color and dyeing properties of the polymeric dyes were discussed by comparing them with those of the corresponding monomeric dyes. The dyeing performance of these dyes was assessed on nylon fiber. These dyes were found to give various color shades with good to very good depth and levelness on the fiber. The dyeing of the monomeric dyes showed moderate fastness to light and good to excellent fastness properties. The dyebath exhaustion and fixation on nylon fiber has been found to be good.