• Title/Summary/Keyword: level of service (LOS)

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A Study of Blind Spot Analysis for Public Transportation by Level of Service (LOS) in Public Transportation Supply Service (GIS를 이용한 시내버스와 도시철도 공급서비스 수준 측면의 대중교통 사각지대 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Chang, Kyung Uk;Kim, Hwang Bae;Kim, Young Seok;Oh, Jae Hak
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.31 no.3D
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    • pp.383-389
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this paper is to analyze the blind spot for public transportation by level of service(LOS) in public transportation supply service. For the purpose, we proposed indices of service coverage area, service frequency and hours of service and analysis method for them. Service coverage area analysis is to decide station location and network design for the maximum beneficiary area. Moreover, we can use the service frequency is for the maximum service frequency decision and hours of service is for the minimum operation hours. The results of this study are applied to the plan of minimum supply service, minimum service frequency and minimum operation hours for city and national public transportation plan.

Indoor Wi-Fi Localization with LOS/NLOS Determination Scheme Using Dual-Band AP (이중대역 AP를 이용한 LOS/NLOS 판별 및 실내 위치 측위 기술)

  • Kim, Kangho;Lee, Suk Kyu;Jung, Jongtack;Yoo, Seungho;Kim, Hwangnam
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.40 no.8
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    • pp.1643-1654
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    • 2015
  • With standardization of IEEE 802.11n, APs with the 2.4GHz and 5GHz dual-band capability have widely been deployed over a metropolitan area by individuals and internet service providers. Moreover, due to the increasing attentions on indoor-localization technique using Wi-Fi, the need for LOS and NLOS determination scheme is increasing to enhance accuracy of the localization. In this paper, we propose a novel LOS/NLOS determination technique by using different radio attenuation characteristics in different frequency bands and different mediums. Based on this technique, we designed a LOS/NLOS-aware indoor localization scheme. The proposed LOS/NLOS determination algorithm can be used when the distance between an user device and an AP is unknown, and the proposed localization scheme provides very accurate room-level position information. We validated the proposed scheme by implementing it on Android smart phones.

Level of Service of Signalized Intersections Considering both Delay and Accidents (지체와 사고를 고려한 신호교차로 서비스수준 산정에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Je-Jin;Park, Seong-Yong;Ha, Tae-Jun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.169-178
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    • 2008
  • Level of Service (LOS) is one of ways to evaluate operational conditions. It is very important factor in evaluation especially for the facility of highways. However, some studies proved that ${\upsilon}/c$ ratio and accident rate is appeared like a second function which has a U-form. It means there is a gap between LOS and safety of highway facilities. Therefore, this study presents a method for evaluation of a signalized intersection which is considered both smooth traffic operation (delay) and traffic safety (accident). Firstly, as a result of our research, accident rates and EPDO are decreased when it has a big delay. In that reason, it is necessary to make a new Level of Service included traffic safety. Secondly, this study has developed a negative binominal regression model which is based on the relation between accident patterns and stream. Thirdly, standards of LOS are presented which is originated from calculation between annual delay costs and annual accident cost at each intersection. Lastly, worksheet form is presented as an expression to an estimation step of a signalized intersection with traffic accident prediction model and new LOS.

The Development of Assessment Method for Parking Lot Remodeling Alternative Adopted Asset Management Technique (자산관리 기법을 적용한 주차장 리모델링 대안평가 기법 개발)

  • Yu, Yongsin;Lee, Chansik
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.52-62
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study is to develope an assessment method for parking lot remodeling alternative by adopting the asset management technique. In order to identify the Level of Service(LOS) and the Evaluation Measurement(EM), literatures was implemented which documented the consideration of parking lot plan, needs of the apartments' tenant, and various design standards. In addition, the authors conducted a three-time delphi survey for the identified 5 LOS and 19 EM to evaluate suitability and necessity of them and to collect additional opinion of experts. The LOS of parking lot were categorized into 5 areas such as Environmental effect and Convenience, Accessibility and so on. The 19 EM were determined to estimate the LOS quantitatively. The researchers analyzed the degree of importance of LOS and EM by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. But construction cost was excepted from the analysis, because it is used as an independent variable in alternative assessment. In conclusion, the authors proposed the estimation criteria for EM, and the method and process for alternative assessment be performed to benefit-cost analysis using the LOS variation and construction cost. The assessment method for parking lot remodeling alternative was demonstrated effective to assess the parking lot remodeling alternative by case-study. This study has a academic significance by adopting the asset management techniques in the area of the parking lot remodeling. And the assessment method is expected to help deciding a reasonable remodeling alternative of parking lot, as it ensures the diversity for remodeling of the parking lot and reflects the needs of the occupant.

DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY-BASED LEVEL-OF-SERVICE PARAMETERS FOR TWO-WAY STOP-CONTROLLED INTERSECTIONS (무신호 교차로의 안전 -서비스 수준 측정에 관한 연구-)

  • 이수범
    • Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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    • 1996.02a
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    • pp.59-86
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    • 1996
  • Current methods for evaluating unsignalized intersections, and estimating level-of-service (LOS) is determined from efficiency-based criteria such as little or no delay to very long delays. At present, similar procedures to evaluate intersections using safety-based criteria do not exist. The improvement of sight distances at intersections is the most effective way of improving intersection safety. However, a set of procedures is necessary to account for the limitations in current methodology. Such an approach would build upon such methods, but also account for: deficiencies in the current deterministic solution for the determination of intersection sight distances; opportunity for an accident and severity of an accident; and cost-effectiveness of attaining various levels of sight distances. In this research, a model that estimates the degree of safety at two-way stop-controlled intersections is described. Only crossing maneuvers are considered in this study because accidents caused by the crossing maneuvers are the dominate type among intersection accidents. Monte Carlo methods are used to estimate the hazard at an intersection as a function of roadway features and traffic conditions. Driver`s minimum gap acceptance in the crossing vehicles and headway distribution on the major road are used in the crossing vehicles and headway distribution on the major road are used in the model to simulate the real intersectional maneuvers. Other random variables addressed in the model are: traffic speeds; preception-reaction times of both drivers in the crossing vehicles and drivers in oncoming vehicles on the major road; and vehicles on the major roads. The developed model produces the total number of conflicts per year per vehicle and total potential kinetic energy per year per vehicle dissipated during conflicts as measurements of safety at intersections. Based on the results from the developed simulation model, desirable sight distances for various speeds were determined as 350 feet, 450 feet and 550 feet for 40 mph, 50 mph and 60 mph prevailing speed on the major road, respectively. These values are seven to eight percent less than those values recommended by AASHTO. A safety based level-of-service (LOS) is also developed using the results of the simulation model. When the total number of conflicts per vehicle is less than 0.05 at an intersection, the LOS of the intersection is `A' and when the total number of conflicts per vehicle is larger than 0.25 at an intersection, the LOS is `F'. Similarly, when the total hazard per vehicle is less than 350, 000 1b-ft2/sec2, the LOS is `F'. Once evaluation of the current safety at the intersection is complete, a sensitivity analysis can be done by changing one or more input parameters. This will estimate the benefit in terms of time and budget of hazard reduction based upon improving geometric and traffic characteristics at the intersection. This method will also enable traffic engineers in local governments to generate a priority list of intersection improvement projects.

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LOS Analysis of Korean Regional Railway by TCRP Report (TCRP Report에 따른 지역간 철도의 LOS 평가)

  • Choi, Myoung-Hun;Suh, Sun-Duck;Shine, Young-Ho
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2008.06a
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    • pp.2426-2441
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    • 2008
  • This research is analyzed by the operation frequency of Regional Railroad and the Load Factor on the level of each service based on the Regional railroad ticket sales data on the 2007 fiscal year. Because the Regional Railroad passenger's satisfaction is sensitive of the transportation demand alteration, this research analyzed LOS. In addition to, analyzed the LOS will affect driving patterns of the Regional Railroad.

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Inpatient care focused strategy and convergence performance in hospitals (병원의 입원 진료 집중화 전략과 융합적 운영 성과)

  • Yoo, Hai-Won
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.59-66
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    • 2016
  • This study analyzed the relationship between the convergence performance in hospital. This study examined previous research and calculated centralized index using diagnosis related groups. In addition, multiple regression analysis was used based on LOS in order to understand the effect of focused strategy which quality of medical inpatient service. The centralized level was examined by analyzing national inpatient sample data using 'Internal Herfindahl-Hirshman index' This study is significant because it reviewed medical inpatient service quality by measuring hospital centralized level which has been rarely studied before Korea.

Inferring Pedestrian Level of Service for Pathways through Electrodermal Activity Monitoring

  • Lee, Heejung;Hwang, Sungjoo
    • International conference on construction engineering and project management
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    • 2022.06a
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    • pp.1247-1248
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    • 2022
  • Due to rapid urbanization and population growth, it has become crucial to analyze the various volumes and characteristics of pedestrian pathways to understand the capacity and level of service (LOS) for pathways to promote a better walking environment. Different indicators have been developed to measure pedestrian volume. The pedestrian level of service (PLOS), tailored to analyze pedestrian pathways based on the concept of the LOS in transportation in the Highway Capacity Manual, has been widely used. PLOS is a measurement concept used to assess the quality of pedestrian facilities, from grade A (best condition) to grade F (worst condition), based on the flow rate, average speed, occupied space, and other parameters. Since the original PLOS approach has been criticized for producing idealistic results, several modified versions of PLOS have also been developed. One of these modified versions is perceived PLOS, which measures the LOS for pathways by considering pedestrians' awareness levels. However, this method relies on survey-based measurements, making it difficult to continuously deploy the technique to all the pathways. To measure PLOS more quantitatively and continuously, researchers have adopted computer vision technologies to automatically assess pedestrian flows and PLOS from CCTV videos. However, there are drawbacks even with this method because CCTVs cannot be installed everywhere, e.g., in alleyways. Recently, a technique to monitor bio-signals, such as electrodermal activity (EDA), through wearable sensors that can measure physiological responses to external stimuli (e.g., when another pedestrian passes), has gained popularity. It has the potential to continuously measure perceived PLOS. In their previous experiment, the authors of this study found that there were many significant EDA responses in crowded places when other pedestrians acting as external stimuli passed by. Therefore, we hypothesized that the EDA responses would be significantly higher in places where relatively more dynamic objects pass, i.e., in crowded areas with low PLOS levels (e.g., level F). To this end, the authors conducted an experiment to confirm the validity of EDA in inferring the perceived PLOS. The EDA of the subjects was measured and analyzed while watching both the real-world and virtually created videos with different pedestrian volumes in a laboratory environment. The results showed the possibility of inferring the amount of pedestrian volume on the pathways by measuring the physiological reactions of pedestrians. Through further validation, the research outcome is expected to be used for EDA-based continuous measurement of perceived PLOS at the alley level, which will facilitate modifying the existing walking environments, e.g., constructing pathways with appropriate effective width based on pedestrian volume. Future research will examine the validity of the integrated use of EDA and acceleration signals to increase the accuracy of inferring the perceived PLOS by capturing both physiological and behavioral reactions when walking in a crowded area.

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The Development and Application of the Service Evaluation Indicators of Transfer Facilities in the High-speed Railway Stations (고속철도역 환승시설 서비스 평가지표 개발 및 적용)

  • Kim, Cheol-Sun;Kim, Sigon;Kim, Jung-Hwan
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.28 no.4D
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    • pp.533-538
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    • 2008
  • The introduction of KTX (Korea Train Express) has brought an historic change to the overall transit system in Korea. The high-speed railway stations in particular are expanding the scope as public transit centers. However, it is evident that the evaluation on the high-speed railway stations had not been performed successfully thus far. The most important element of the evaluation is the connectivity of the departure point to the arriving stations and also the internal transfer service stations. We developed the service evaluation indicators of transfer facilities in the high-speed railway stations. The indicators are comprised of the level of service (LOS), the propriety of allocation, and the quality of information throughout the facilities in the centers. We examined the 7 stations in Korea that are currently in operation and standardized the methodology of the evaluation process by applying the indicators suggested in this study.

A Study on the Size Computation of Seogwipo Cruise Terminal CIQ Facilities (서귀포 크루즈터미널 CIQ시설 규모산정에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Chung-Keun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.27-36
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    • 2015
  • This research studies the adequate size standard of Seogwipo cruise terminal CIQ facility that is scheduled to be built around Gangjeong harbor area in Seogwipo-city. In order to respond to the highly increasing number of passenger cruise ships compared to Seogwipo cruise terminal design in 2010, the adequate size standard of Seogwipo cruise terminal CIQ facility was examined for passenger service level grade. Based on size computation elements such as the number of passengers of cruise ships with the largest size of port entry, ship landing rate, passenger processing ratio, and surge factor, the CIQ facility size for each service level grade was reviewed. As a result, the area of 2,971m2 (A grade), 2,409 m2 (B grade), and 2,088 m2 (C grade) were computed. This showed that the area of B grade was about 82% and C grade 70% compared to the area of A grade. The CIQ facility size computed for each service level grade in this research was analyzed that its area needed to be increased by 322% at least and 458% at most, compared to the CIQ facility area of 649m2 of the existing design (2010). In order to respond to the increasing number of cruise passengers, provide high-level passenger service, and improve the international image of Jeju, Seogwipo cruise terminal should secure the size that is equal to or higher than the B grade of service level.