• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2000년도 제11회 정기총회 및 00년 동계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.96-97
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• 2000

Incoherent broadband optical sources have been applied in various areas such as a light source for optical device characterization, fiber-optic gyroscopes$^{(1)}$ , and spectrum sliced light source in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system$^{(2)}$ . To utilize the inherent low loss in silica optical fibers, various types of incoherent light sources are being developed. Among the light sources, the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from a rare earth doped fiber has benefits in temperature stability, high output power, low polarization dependence over semiconductor diodes$^{(3)}$ . Recently erbium doped fibers (EDF) have been intensively researched for ASE sources as well as optical amplifiers$^{(4)}$ . The spectrum of ASE from an EDF, however, is limited in the 1520~1560 nm range in conventional configurations. In this letter we described a new broadband ASE source which included both the conventional ASE band of Er$^{3+}$ ion, 1520nm~1560nm and ASE band from Tm$^{3+}$ ions that extends the bandwidth further. For the first time, to the best knowledge of authors, a fiber ASE source based on the energy transfer between Er$^{3+}$ and Tm$^{3+}$ ions in the range of 1460~1550 nm, has been demonstrated using a single 980nm pump laser diode. (omitted)omitted)

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1234-1241
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the sizing problems for shoes, and provide improvement information for shoe industries in internet shopping mall. For this, the study was conducted through a survey with 611 young women consumers from late 10s to late 20s. In addition, we investigated the actual conditions of shoe size system from manufacturers and vendors of internet shopping mall. On the survey from consumers, it was revealed that the main reason which makes the consumers hesitate to purchase is the difference between the image or size shown by the monitor and the actual product. Also, the problem was substantiated through status of internet shoe vendors. Moreover, it was found that consumers rarely have the knowledge of the letter sizes for the foot girth at purchasing shoe. To overcome the problems of shoe size system in internet shopping industry, the new sizing system that both consumers and vendors can satisfy is needed immediately.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.684-687
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• 2006

In this letter, we evaluate the system performance of a space-time block coded (STBC) multicarrier (MC) DS-CDMA system over a time selective fading channel, with imperfect channel knowledge. The average bit error rate impairment due to imperfect channel information is investigated by taking into account the effect of the STBC position. We consider two schemes: STBC after spreading and STBC before spreading in the MC DS-CDMA system. In the scheme with STBC after spreading, STBC is performed at the chip level; in the scheme with STBC before spreading, STBC is performed at the symbol level. We found that these two schemes have various channel estimation errors, and that the system with STBC before spreading is more sensitive to channel estimation than the system with STBC after spreading. Furthermore, derived results prove that a high spreading factor (SF) in the MC DS-CDMA system with STBC before spreading leads to high channel estimation error, whereas for a system with STBC after spreading this statement is not true.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.30-42
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• 2005

In this study, we developed an elementary science performance assessment material on STS theme, especially the respiration. The material is constituted with 3 components, which are performance task, students' response format and scoring system, and it also has various objective domains such as applying science knowledge, improving science attitude, using ICT, communicating and reflective thinking. It offers teachers a tool by which they can assess students' abilities on a whole. The task is made with the motivation-evoking content of 'No Smoking'. It is constructed on the activity of writing a letter to his/her father not to smoke. The students' response format is made by problem solving process, and the scoring system is matched with the steps of students' response. The material involves several theoretical backgrounds and the strengths of performance assessment. In addition, due to the detailed students' format and scoring system, it can be used practically in elementary science classroom.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.59-62
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• 2019

Y2O3-MgO nanocomposites are promising materials for hypersonic infrared windows and domes due to their excellent midIR transmittance and mechanical properties. In this work, influence of SPS heating rate on the microstructure, IR transmittance, and mechanical properties of Y2O3-MgO nanocomposites was investigated. It was found that the average grain size decreases with a decreasing heating rate, which can be attributed to high defect concentration by rapid heating and deformation during densification. Also, the residual porosity decreases with a decreasing heating rate, which is ascribed to the enhancement of grain boundary diffusion by a large grain-boundary area (a small grain size). Consequently, high transmittance and hardness were attained by the low heating rate. On the other hand, the mechanical strength showed little difference with the heating rate change, which is somewhat different from the general knowledge on ceramics and will be discussed in this letter.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.68-80
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• 2021

An uncertified facility is a facility not certified, as defined in the Biological Agents and Toxins Act (BATA) in Singapore, but has met the requirements of the Ministry of Health to possess First and Fifth Schedule biological agents and toxins. This type of facility is also known as a Biosafety Level 2 Plus (BSL 2+) facility. Registration as an uncertified facility or a BSL 2+ facility requires a certain process and procedure to be sought with the Biosafety Branch of the ministry. This review, shares first-hand knowledge on the journey to achieving registration of the authors' facility. The procedure involved considerable preparation, setting up facility requirements, biosafety precautions, procedures and practices, and training and competence of laboratory users. The ministry conducted a thorough onsite facility audit to ensure that the facility requirements and biosafety procedures and practices were in place. It then issued an approval letter of possession for the first-time use of biological agents and registered the laboratory as an uncertified facility. The expectation is that the comprehensive information shared may be of great benefit to other facilities with similar interests.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.111-132
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• 1970

An analysis of nursing activities in a in-patient ward and its management was observed in order to assess necessary number of nursing hands and find out reasonable work management with them. The study was performed with two wards of St. Mary′s Hospital, Catholic Medical Center, for the period from July to December 1970. The results and conclusions were as the following 1. The role of the nurses are determined by doctor′s order in 57.7% in kind, 80.0% in amount. and by nurses decision 20.0% in amount. 2. Works related to patient care are found to be 20.6% in the internal medicine ward and 20.4% in the surgical ward while works related to treatment are 4.7% in the former and 27.2% in the letter. Medication occupies 40.0% in the internal medical ward while 26.6% in the surgery ward, and observation occupies 34.7% in the former while 25.8% in the letter. These can be said to reflect characteristic differences bet ween the two wards. 3. When nursing functions were evaluated by importance "A" level in the amount of works to be done occupied 67.6% in the surgical ward and 62.8% in the internal medical ward. In the kind of the important works, "B"level is found to be most frequent with 50% while "A"level 43%. When evaluated by difficulty, "B"level was found to be most frequent in amount in both internal medicine and surgical wards (52.6%, 38.2%). 4. Works needing professional knowledge and skills occupied 92% in the both wards while unprofessional works 2.8% and 4.2% respectively. There are indications, however, that unprofessional works have an increasing tendency. 5. When evaluated by the amount of works, the surgical ward has 11 nurses less and the internal medicine ward 3 nurses less then the necessary number of nursing staffs. There are shortage of 12 and 6 nurses respectively when evaluated by the number of patients and 18 nurses in the both wards when evaluated by the medical regulations of the Government. 6. The ratio of the nursing staff to patient was found to be 1:11.5, 1:23.0 and 1:34.5 in the morning, evening and night turn in the surgical ward. In the medical word the ratio was 1:9.4, 1:22.0 and 1:33.0. 7. The deficiency of necessary equipment and tension accompanying management of those equipment were found to lower the effective functioning of the head nurse who is a junior manager of the ward. They also consume much of the time and energy of the nurses at work who are over burdened in most of the cases. 8. The high rate of the number of nurses who leave the job impairs the functioning of team work which is considered to be most important in the effective performance of nursing activities and thus contributes to lower the efficiency of nursing functions.

• 인문언어
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• 제7집
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• pp.31-56
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• 2005

In most Asian areas Chinese writing and characters had been used as a unique recording device. The way to account for the circumstance related with the writing system could be twofold. Firstly the races inhabited around Sino-territory actually neither used the type of languages as Chinese - not isolating type but agglutinative one - nor established any independent writing letters. Secondly those people who belonged to the races accepted the writing system of China due to the frequent cultural and economical interchange between them and Chinese people. In Korean peninsula the same situation of linguistic phenomenon had been pervasive. The aborigine of the territory who acquired to use Chinese writing applied their knowledge of the second language to record the facts related with the management of the country. But the grammatical structure of Chines writing and native language showed the remarkable contrast; so, the people of the peninsula managed the specific letter system - in other words, the discrepancy between language and writing. This difference carried on the huge influence on the way of using Chinese writing and characters in Korea. Some scholars of historical linguistics of Korean language considered the alternation of Chinese writing system and characters as "the procedure of nativization" - in which the inflow of characters into Korean and the same one continuously used in China illustrated the large gap of the phonological aspects. The method of reading Chinese characters came to be named as Sino-Korean Pronunciation. In the categorization of Chinese characters' pronunciation Sino-Korean Pronunciation was also categorized as the Eastern Pronunciation(東音). It indicates the sound of Chinese characters which has been historically adapted to the phonological system of Korean language. In this paper the main point is to survey the procedure of reception of Chinese writing and characters and that of establishment and alternation of Korean phonetic feature of Chinese writing and characters.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제10B권4호
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• pp.429-442
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 우편물 자동처리론 위한 우편영상 인식 시스템을 소개한다. 우편영상 인식 시스템은 서장 우편물을 집배원이 배달하는 순서에 따라 자동으로 구분할 수 있도록 우편영상을 입력으로 받아 수신인 주소를 출력하는 인식 시스템을 말한다. 이 시스템은 수신인 주소영역 추출, 문자열 분리, 문자분할, 문자인식, 그리고 주소해석 모듈로 구성되어 있다. 주소영역 추출을 위해서는 우편물 주소 기입 위치에 대한 경험적 지식을 이용하였으며, 문자열 분리와 문자분한을 위해서는 연결요소 분석과 수직런 분석을 이용하였다. 문자인식에는 신경망 기반 인식기를 이용하였으며, 주소해석을 위해서는 동적 프로그래밍 기법을 적용하였다. 각 모듈은 독립적으로 구현되었기 때문에 인식 시스템의 성능 개선을 위한 모듈별 최적화가 용이하다는 장점이 있다. 실험에는 대전 유성우체국의 우편물 구분기를 이용하여 실제 우편물에서 수집한 인쇄 우편영상과 필기 우편영상을 이용하였으며, 비교적 우수한 인식 결과를 얻었다.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.143-158
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• 2008

본 연구는 남북합작으로 건립하는 PUST에 설치될 도서관과 디지털도서관 모델 제시를 위해 수행되었다. 우선 이론적 연구를 통해 디지털도서관의 문제와 PUST 디지털도서관의 이슈를 파악하였다. 그 결과, 저작권법하의 공정사용 미흡 등으로 현 단계에서 디지털도서관만 운영하는 것은 문제가 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 또 남북의 언어와 지적기반의 차이 등으로 홈페이지 접근 데이터베이스 구축 자료 의 검색 등에 문제가 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 이에 연구자는 디지털도서관과 하이브리드 도서관을 병행 운영할 것과, 디지털도서관 관련 하여 유니코드를 통한 홈페이지의 이중화 NCHAR 데이터타입 설정을 통한 다국어 저장, 전거 데이터베이스 구축 등을 제안하였다.