• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.29 no.11
• /
• pp.1410-1420
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics of effective expression on T-shirts pattern by peirce's semiotic theory. The methods of this study was to analyze 721 T-shirts patterns in designer's collection from 2000 to 2004. The results of this study were as follows: First of all, iconic expression showed high frequency after 2000. Characteristics of effective expression were as follows: In geometric expression, repetition was presented as a symbolic sign by regular proportion and rule of dot, line, plane, irregularity, mixture of irregular dot, line, plane. Mixed expression was presented as a iconic and symbolic sign by collage, mixture of dot, line, plane, icon and letter. In iconic expression, simplification of iconic sigrl was presented as a iconic sign by simplification of form, color, texture, realistic expression using digital as a iconic sign, and symbolic face, body as a symbolic sign. Pop art's expression was presented as a iconic sign by a cartoon and commercial character and illusion was presented as a iconic sign. In letter's expression, brand logo was presented as a symbolic sign by transformation of letter's design, a symbolic sign of numeral by transformation of size, thickness, form, color. Symbolic message phrase was presented by slogan, fashion trend, brand image, descriptive indication message as a index sign by using icon or singleness. In conclusion, characteristics of effective expression on T-shirts pattern will present not only the theoretical foundation to raise the value added, but also the information about beauty sense of times, political and social value.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.105-128
• /
• 2013

One of the biggest changes in 2007 Curriculum Revision is introduction of letter, equation, direct proportion and inverse proportion in fifth and sixth grade of mathematics. The purpose of this study is to provide some implications about teaching-learning method for introduction of letters, teaching and learning activities of equation between the 6th Curriculum and 2007 Curriculum Revision. The below conclusions were drawn from findings obtained in this study. First, the letter and expression were learned in fifth and sixth grade until 6th Curriculum and were learned in seventh grade in middle school of 7th Curriculum. But letter, equation are introduced in 2007 Curriculum Revision again. The overall contents of letter and expression were learned on the 'Relationship' domain in the 6th Curriculum, it were learned on the 'Letter and expression' domain in the 7th Curriculum and is learned on the 'Regularity and problem-solving' domain in the 2007 Curriculum Revision. Second, teaching method of these contents was to promise some definitions at first and then to solve exercises in the 6th Curriculum. But leaning was forced to improve student's problem-solving in the 7th Curriculum. To reduce student's pressure offers at a minimum mathematics terms and to provide problem situations to students who contact daily, it is emphasized on learner's communication in the 2007 Curriculum Revision. We want to be easily connected elementary mathematics and higher mathematics through this study about letter, equation. We recognized how we teach the letter and expression to reduce misconceptions and draw a transition from arithmetic thinking to algebraic thinking and want to be continue of another studies.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.127-136
• /
• 2001

The decay of the Old Chinese Dynasty, Tang in the 10th century caused the collapse of the political order of Southeast Asia and the neighboring countries began to try to go their own way. Japan abolished the system called "Yudangsa" and nourished the culture of Japanese style. The fang age had a respect of the′Japanese Character Culture", in which when we expressed the sound, they developed the Japanese letters ,that is, reduced Chinese characters, and systematized them as linguistic symbols and developed them into one of letter design styles. The Japanese letters which was mainly the media of the expression of the female literature were delicately shaped ′as natural materials, which finally resulted in Japan′s oldest letter modeling, Asite Letter Design Style. The Japanese letters were blended with ′Reeds around the Lake", "Sea Birds", "Birds′flying", and "Rocks", mixed with the overall shapes of the objects and assimilated into one part, and became a means for the main entertainment of the nobility such as "Singing Festival", "Conference", and "Ceremonial Events" According to the relics, the Japanese feeling of a small cosmos was represented with the fabulous skills of artifacts. In audition, "Play Painting"in the countryside is also a kind of Asite the ordinary people accepted as wit and satire. What we will have to notice is about exchange of the Chinese letter designs, when the thought focused ′on the letter design, Jobcheso was popular. The letter design Jobcheso is -a kind of letter design which represents -natural objects and was popular at the time of Yukjo Dynasty, and there are some documents of that period left both in Japan and Korea. "Hyojedo" in Korea is supposed to have been influenced by the letter design. Asite- is also considered to have been "Japanese Letter Jobcheso." Therefore, the purpose of this study is to look into the origin of the letter designs in the Chinese character culture circle, in terms of the letter design of Jobcheso.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.85-106
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the form and color of the letter layout among 31 expression methods of official posters during the library week from 1964, for 57 years, and to propose the direction of poster production in the future by revealing what citizens prefer most by conducting a survey based on the results. As a result of analyzing the poster expression form for achieving the purpose of the study, the most common character layout was 'the top position of the character' in 13 out of 31 (41.9%), and in color, 'chromatic color' in 30 out of 31 (96.8%), and the temperature of color with 'cold color', 'fading color' and 'shrink color' in 18 out of 31 (58.1%), respectively. The results of the survey showed that the most preferred was 'top position of characters' for letter layout, and 'chromatic color' and 'cold color', 'advance color' and 'expansion color' were the most preferred for the color classification. Therefore, the character layout of the weekly poster for the library needs to be produced using 'the center position of the letter', and the colors need to be made using 'chromatic color', 'warm color', 'advance color' and 'expansion color'.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.345-347
• /
• 2009

This letter presents an alternative analytical expression for computing the probability of an M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) wedge-shaped region in an additive white Gaussian noise channel. The expression is represented by the cumulative distribution function of known noncentral F-distribution. Computer simulation results demonstrate the validity of our analytical expression for the exact computation of the symbol error probability of an MPSK system with phase error.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.31 no.8
• /
• pp.1252-1261
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to grasp the utilization of traditional Korean Patterns used for fashion cultural products. To achieve this purpose, this study examined the range of fashion cultural products through literature review, previous researches, and market surveys and analyzed the situation of fashion cultural products and the kinds, expression methods, expression techniques, and repeat styles of utilized patterns. The analysis results are as follows. First, in the use of traditional pattern, the most frequently-used fashion cultural products were small and inexpensive accessories, followed by fashion apparel, miscellaneous goods, and living cultural goods. Second, the most frequently-used traditional patterns were plant patterns, especially flower patterns. The next frequently-used ones were mixed patterns, especially in the mixture of flower and letter patterns, and $cloisonn\'{e}$ and flower patterns. The next frequently-used traditional patterns were animal patterns(especially butterfly patterns), followed by geometric patterns, lucky omen patterns, and letter patterns. In the expression methods of used patterns, most products except handicrafts preferred simplified patterns to real patterns. Finally, in the expression techniques of traditional patterns, the most frequently used technique was traditional embroidery, followed by the use of weaving fabrics such as fine gauze and brocade which are used for Hanbok. Also, transfer dyeing which is one of printing techniques, DTP(digital textiles printing), a mixed technique which adds embroidery to weaving fabrics, hand-painting, and a gilt technique were used. The results of this study suggest that most fashion cultural products except few designers' works attached weight to some specified patterns and expression techniques regardless of the characteristics of products since there is little understanding of a variety of patterns and are few researches and development on expression techniques.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.57
• /
• pp.467-505
• /
• 2014

I am working on a series of Korean linguistic studies targeting Ganchal(old typed letters in Korea) for many years and this study is for the typology of the [Safety Expression] as the part. For this purpose, [Safety Expression] were divided into a formal types and semantic types, targeting the Chinese Ganchal and Hangul Ganchal of modern Korean Language time(16th century-19th century). Formal types can be divided based on whether Normal position or not, whether Omission or not, whether the Sending letter or not, whether the relationship of the high and the low or not. Normal position form and completion were made the first type which reveal well the typicality of the [Safety Expression]. Original position while [Own Safety] omitted as the second type, while Original position while [Opposite Safety] omitted as the third type, Original position while [Safety Expression] omitted as the fourth type. Inversion type were made as the fifth type which is the most severe solecism in [Safety Expression]. The first type is refers to Original position type that [Opposite Safety] precede the [Own Safety] and the completion type that is full of semantic element. This type can be referred to most typical and normative in that it equipped all components of [Safety Expression]. A second type is that [Safety Expression] is composed of only the [Opposite Safety]. This type is inferior to the first type in terms of set pattern, it is never outdone when it comes to the appearance frequency. Because asking [Opposite Safety] faithfully, omitting [Own Safety] dose not greatly deviate politeness and easy to write Ganchal, it is utilized. The third type is the Original position type showing the configuration of the [Opposite Safety]+Own Safety], but [Opposite Safety] is omitted. The fourth type is a Original position type showing configuration of the [Opposite Safety+Own Safety], but [Safety Expression] is omitted. This type is divided into A ; [Safety Expression] is entirely omitted and B ; such as 'saving trouble', the conventional expression, replace [Safety Expression]. The fifth type is inversion type that shown to structure of the [Own Safety+Opposite Safety], unlike the Original position type. This type is the most severe solecism type and real example is very rare. It is because let leading [Own Safety] and ask later [Opposite Safety] for face save is offend against common decency. In addition, it can be divided into the direct type that [Opposite Safety] and [Own Safety] is directly connected and indirect type that separate into the [story]. The semantic types of [Safety Expression] can be classified based on whether Sending letter or not, fast or slow, whether intimate or not, and isolation or not. For Sending letter, [Safety Expression] consists [Opposite Safety(Climate+Inquiry after health+Mental state)+Own safety(status+Inquiry after health+Mental state)]. At [Opposite safety], [Climate] could be subdivided as [Season] information and [Climate(weather)] information. Also, [Mental state] is divided as receiver's [Family Safety Mental state] and [Individual Safety Mental state]. In [Own Safety], [Status] is divided as receiver's traditional situation; [Recent condition] and receiver's ongoing situation; [Present condition]. [Inquiry after health] is also subdivided as receiver's [Family Safety] and [Individual Safety], [Safety] is as [Family Safety] and [Individual Safety]. Likewise, [Inquiry after health] or [Safety] is usually used as pairs, in dimension of [Family] and [Individual]. This phenomenon seems to have occurred from a big family system, which is defined as taking care of one's parents or grand parents. As for the Written Reply, [Safety Expression] consists [Opposite Safety (Reception+Inquiry after health+Mental state)+Own safety(status+Inquiry after health+Mental state)], and only in [Opposite safety], a difference in semantic structure happens with Sending letter. In [Opposite Safety], [Reception] is divided as [Letter] which is Ganchal that is directly received and [Message], which is news that is received indirectly from people. [Safety] is as [Family Safety] and [Individual Safety], [Mental state] also as [Family Safety Mental state] and [Individual Safety Mental state].

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.122-130
• /
• 2022

In modern times, text has become an image, and typography is a style that is a combination of image and text that can be easily encountered in everyday life. It is developing not only for the purpose of conveying meaningful communication, but also to bring joy and beauty to our lives as a medium with aesthetic format. This study shows through case analysis that typography is a tool for expressing human emotions, and investigates its characteristics that change along with the media. In particular, interactive communication tools and methods used by interactive typography to express viewers' emotions are described in detail. We created interactive typography using the inputted text, the selected music by the viewer and the viewer's movement. As a result of applying it to the exhibition, we could confirm that interactive typography can function as an effective communication medium that shows the utility of both the iconography of letter signs and the cognitive function when combined with the audience's intentional motion.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.472-474
• /
• 2009

In this letter, an ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC) scheme is applied for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection in ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems. The error rate expression of an OSIC receiver on a log-normal multipath fading channel is theoretically derived in a closed form solution. Its bit error rate performance is analytically compared with that of a zero forcing receiver in the UWB MIMO detection scheme followed by RAKE combining.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.37
• /
• pp.279-306
• /
• 2009

This study is purposed to observe conventional expression of Hangul Ganchal. The conventional expression of Hangeul Ganchal had set a pattern from 16th century to 17the century after establishing its regular form. It is mainly found in the introduction and the conclusion of the letters. Especially, they are concretely shown at an address form and greeting in the former, a farewell and the close in the latter. Generally, a native tongue was often used in address form at Suncheon Kim's Eongan in 16th century and Hyun-Poong Kwak's Eongan in 17th century. However, a Chinese character was commonly found in the introduction at Jingbo-Eongan-Dok in 19th century. Specifically, in case of response, the conventional expression of 'read your letter' was added in greeting part. In Suneon of 16th century, this type was gradually established to the form, and in Hyuneon of 17th century, a native tongue set a pattern. However, Jingeon of 19th century, a Chinese character was mainly used instead of a native tongue. The changing form of farewell and the close showed similar pattern as the aspect of greeting form. They seemed to be more simple and repetitive in Hyuneon compared with the form of Suneon. Furthermore, a Chinese character was dominated in the conclusion of letters in Jingeon. Consequently, the paper examined the two types of letter between Hangul letters and Chinese character letters were strongly associated with each other. It is expected that more details research will be coped with next study.