• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2005

Background: Costimulation is a critical process in Ag-specific immune responses. Both B7.1 and CD28 molecules have been reported to stimulate T cell responses during antigen presentation. Therefore, we tested whether Ag-specific immune responses as well as protective immunity are influenced by coinjecting with B7.1 and CD28 cDNAs in a mouse HSV-2 challenge model system. Methods: ELISA was used to detect levels of antibodies, cytokines and chemokines while thymidine incorporation assay was used to evaluate T cell proliferation levels. Results: Ag-specific antibody responses were enhanced by CD28 coinjection but not by B7.1 coinjection. Furthermore, CD28 coinjection increased IgG1 production to a significant level, as compared to pgD+pcDNA3, suggesting that CD28 drives Th2 type responses. In contrast, B7.1 coinjection showed the opposite, suggesting a Th1 bias. B7.1 coinjection also enhanced Ag-specific Th cell proliferative responses as well as production of Th1 type cytokines and chemokines significantly higher than pgD+pcDNA3. However, CD28 coinjection decreased Ag-specific Th cell proliferative responses as well as production of Th1 types of cytokines and chemokine significantly lower than pgD+pcDNA3. Only MCP-1 production was enhanced by CD28. B7.1 coimmunized animals exhibited an enhanced survival rate as well as decreased herpetic lesion formation, as compared to pgD+pcDNA3. In contrast, CD28 vaccinated animals exhibited decreased survival from lethal challenge. Conclusion: This study shows that B7.1 enhances protective Th1 type cellular immunity against HSV-2 challenge while CD28 drives a more detrimental Th2 type immunity against HSV-2 challenge, supporting an opposite role of B7.1 and CD28 in Ag-specific immune responses to a Th1 vs Th2 type.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1657-1664
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• 2008

우리는 549명의 여성을 대상으로 HPV DNA Chip을 이용하여 자궁경부암의 주요 원인인 HPV 감염률을 조사하고 Pap 도말 염색법을 이용한 세포학적 검사를 실시하였다. 전체 대상여성 549명 중 237명 HPV DNA Chip 검사에서 양성 이었다(43.17%). 237명 중 203명이 고위험군 HPV 아형에 감염되었고(88.61%, 고위험군), 17명이 저위험군 HPV 아형에 감염되었고(7.17%, 저위험군), 나머지 17명은 고위험군 아형, 저위험군 아형, 미확인 아형에 감염 되었다(7.17%, 혼합형). 연령별 감염률은 20대가 1.26%, 30대 15.61%,40대 31.65%, 50대 23.21%, 60대 이상이 13.92%으로 확인되었다. 저위험군과 혼합군에서 고위험군보다 HPV 감염의 빈도가 더 낮게 나타났다. 세포학적 진단결과(224명의 여성)와 HPV chip 양성(237명의 여성)여성 간의 비교에서 고위험군의 경우 194명중 132명(68.04%)이 ASCUS (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 7.22%), LSIL (low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 15.98%), HSIL (high grade SIL, 23.20%), 자궁경부암(21.65%) 등과 같은 자궁경부질환이 있었다. 저위험군(224 여성 중 14명)의 경우 ASCUS 1예와 LSIL 6예였는데 비해 혼합군(224 여성 중 4명)의 경우에는 단지 2예의 ASCUS 만이 있었다. 고위험 HPV 아형16 및 18에 감염된 여성은 각각 26예 및 7예의 자궁경부암이 있었으나 저위험군 HPV 아형 및 기타 아형의 경우 자궁경부암 발생이 매우 낮거나 없었다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 43.17%의 HPV 유병률을 보였고 고위험 HPV 아형16이 감염된 여성들에 있어 전암 병변 또는 자궁경부암의 원인이 되는 주요인자이며 HPV DNA chip 검사는 HPV 감염 유무를 진단하는 정밀하고 유용한 방법임을 시사하고 있다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.138-144
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• 2018

In December 2016, stem rot symptoms were observed on Persian buttercup (Ranunculus asiaticus) plants in Chilgok, Gyeongbuk, Korea. In the early stage of the disease, several black spots appeared on the stem of infected plants. As the disease progressed, the infected stem cleaved and wilted. The causal agent was isolated from a lesion and incubated on Reasoner's 2A (R2A) agar at $25^{\circ}C$. Total genomic DNA was extracted for phylogenetic analysis. Based on the 16S rRNA gene analysis, the isolated strain was found to belong to the genus Pseudomonas. To identify the isolated bacterial strain at the species level, the nucleotide sequences of the gyrase B (gyrB) and RNA polymerase D (rpoD) genes were obtained and compared with the sequences in the GenBank database. As the result, the causal agent of the stem rot disease was identified as Pseudomonas marginalis. To determine the pathogenicity of the isolated bacterial strain, it was inoculated into the stem of healthy R. asiaticus plant, the inoculated plant showed a lesion with the same characteristics as the naturally infected plant. Based on these results, this is the first report of bacterial stem rot on R. asiaticus caused by P. marginalis in Korea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.891-894
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• 2014

This study is aimed to investigate the role of paired boxed gene 1 (PAX1) methylation analysis by methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) in the detection of high grade lesions in atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) and compared its performance with the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) human papillomavirus (HPV) test. In our study, 130 cases with a diagnosis of ASC-H from the cervical cytological screening by Thinprep cytologic test (TCT) technique were selected for triage. Their cervical scrapings were collected and evaluated by using PAX1 methylation analysis (MS-HRM) and high-risk HPV DNA test (HC2), followed by colposcopy and cervical biopsy. Chi-square test were used to test the differences of PAX1 methylation or HPV infection between groups. In the detection of CIN2+, the sensitivity, specificity, the PPV, NPV and the accuracy of PAX1 MS-HRM assay and high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) tests were respectively 80.6% vs 67.7%, 94.9% vs 54.5%, 83.3%, vs 31.8%, 94.0% vs 84.4%, and 91.5% vs 57.7%. The PAX1 MS-HRM assay proved superior to HR-HPV testing in the detection of high grade lesions (CIN2+) in ASC-H. This approach could screen out the majority of high grade lesion cases of ASC-H, and thus could reduce the referral rate to colposcopy.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표대회
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• pp.127-127
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• 2003

벼 도열병 저항성 조절과정을 연구하는 효율적인 방법은 돌연변이를 분리하여 해당유전자를 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 벼에서 제조된 4가지 돌연변이 집단을 이용하여 도열병 저항성 돌연변이를 분리하였다. 실험재료로는 1) fast neturon을 처리하여 제조된 Moroberekan 2,000 라인, 2)T-DNA의 형질전환에 의해서 제조된 화영 1,000 라인, 3)DEB처리에 의해서 제조된 RIL260 3,000라인, 4) gamma ray 처리에 의해서 제조된 상해향혈나 10,000 라인 등이 사용되었다. 병 저항성이 감소된 돌연변이의 분리를 위하여 재료로 사용된 벼 품종과 비친화적 상호작용을 보이는 균주의 포자를 2-3주된 벼 잎에 직접 살포하는 방법을 이용하였다. 균주 접종 7 일 후에 blast lesion을 형성하거나 lesion mimic 표현형을 보이는 돌연변이 등 병저항성이 감소된 라인을 선별하였다. 현재까지 1) Moroberakan 5 라인, 2) 화영 4 라인, 3) RIL260 1 라인 등이 선별되었다. 이와 함께 병저항성이 현저히 증가된 돌연 변이를 선별하기 위하여 친화적인 균주를 사용한 실험에서는 상해향렬나 2 라인이 선별되었다. 선별된 돌연변이는 벼 도열병 저항성 유전자의 분리 및 저항성 조절기작을 연구하는데 효과적으로 사용될 것이다.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.456-461
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• 1996

The effects of human epidermal growth factor(EGF) which was produced by recombinant DNA technique was investigated on gastric secretion, gastric lesion and ulcer models in rats. The EGF showed significant inhibition of secretion of gastric juice and total acid output, at 0.4mg/kg, id and also inhibited Shay ulceration at 0.4mg/kg, id in rats. The lesion induced by absolute ethanol was significantly reduced by oral administration of EGF at 0.4mg/kg. Likewise, EGF caused significant inhibition of indomethacin induced gastric ulcer at oral doses of 0.2 and 0.4mg/kg. The EGF produced dose-dependent inhibition of gastric ulcer induced by acidified aspirin, but showed no significant inhibition at oral doses of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4mg/kg. The chronic gastric ulcer induced by injection of 20% acetic acid solution was significantly reduced by oral doses of 0.1 and 0.4mg/kg of EGF. Duodenal ulcer induced by mepirizole was dose-dependently inhibited by oral doses of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4mg/kg of EGF. These data suggest that EGF possesses pronounced inhibitory action in gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer of rats.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.151-155
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• 2000

A cDNA (Oslls1) encoding Lls1-homologue of maize was isolated from cDNA library of rice (Oryza sativa cv. Ilpum). The 2,138 bp of full length Oslls1 clone contains an open reading frame of 1,623 nucleotides encoding 575 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of Oslls1 has a high level of homology with chlorophyll a oxygenases of Arabidopsis thaliana (67%) and Marchantia polymorpha (65%). Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA indicates the existence of a small gene family for Oslls1 in the rice genome. The expression of Oslls1 mRNA was induced in leaves and germinating seeds. Treatment of $H_2O$$_2$significantly down-regulated Oslls1 expression. The expression of Oslls1 mRNA was consititutively down-regulated in the blm, a rice mutant exhibiting spontaneous necrotic lesions. These results suggest that this Oslls1 gene may be involved incell death mechanisms in the blm mutant of rice.

• BMB Reports
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2009

5-Hydroxyuridine (5-OHU) is a major lesion of uridine and cytosine produced in RNA by various chemical oxidants. To elucidate its biochemical and biophysical effects on RNA replication, the site-specifically modified oligoribonucleotides containing 5-OHU were synthesized with C5-hydroxy-5'-ODMTr-2'-TBDMS-uridine phosphoramidite using automated solid phase synthesis. The base-pairing properties of nucleotides opposite 5-OHU in 24 mer oligoribonulcleotides with dNTP were studied using three reverse transcriptases (Super-$Script^{TM}II$-, AMV-, MMLV-RT) in cDNA synthesis. Adenine as well as guanine was incorporated preferentially by all reverse transcriptases. In the UV-melting temperature experiment, the results from the relative stabilities of the base pairs were A : 5-OHU > G : 5-OHU > T : 5-OHU $\approx$ C : 5-OHU. Circular Dichroism (CD) studies showed that DNA-RNA containing 5- OHU heteroduplexes exhibit a similar conformation between the A-type RNA and B-type DNA. These results suggest that 5- OHU from oxidative damage was mainly influenced by adenine mismatch.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.649-661
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• 1992

This study was performed to compare DNA content by flow cytometer (FCM) and glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci for searching objective and accurated properties of tumor. Sprague-Dawley rats aged six weeks were divided into three groups and group 1 and 2 of rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine at 200mg/kg body weight and group 3 of rats were given saline. Three weeks after beginning of the experiment, all groups were performed partial hepatectomy. Group 1 of rats were begun to feed on diets containing 0.02% 2-acetylaminofluorene as a promoter for six weeks, group 2 and 3 of rats were begun to feed on basal diets. At 4, 6, and 8 weeks after initiation, all groups of rats were killed, livers were extracted for H & E stain, immunohistochemical stain, and DNA ploidy analysis. In quantitative analysis for GST-P positive lesion number and area by using Image Analyzer, group 1 and 2 represented significant difference in comparison with group 3. In ploidy distribution, diploid cells of group 1 and 2 were increased significantly in comparison with those of group 3 at 4, 6, and 8 weeks after initiation, respectively tetraploid cells were reduced. But S-phase cells were not changed significantly. It is concluded that ploidy change by FCM is useful as objective data for early detection in hepatocarcinogenesis. Therefore, methodology and study of DNA content are carried out for more objective and accurate ploidy analysis in liver tumor.

• 식물병연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.293-296
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• 2016

2016년 6월 말 경기도 안성시의 유기농 답전윤환 시험연구포장의 수수 5개 품종에서 줄기썩음병 증상이 관찰되었다. 초기 병징은 줄기의 표면에 적색의 병반이 형성되고 내부에 흑갈색의 반점이 존재하였다. 이후 진전되면 병반 표면에 연한 오렌지색의 포자가 형성되었다. 병원균을 분리하여 배양하면 균총은 백색에서 연한 오렌지색 또는 연노란색을 나타내고 소형분생포자는 $5-19{\times}2-4{\mu}m$의크기로 1-2개의격막을, 대형 분생포자는 $29-52{\times}3-4{\mu}m$로 4-6개의 격막을 갖고 있었다. 병원균의 분생포자 현탁액으로 수수유묘에 분무접종 3일 후 줄기에 진한 적색의 병반이 형성되었고 병의 진전에 따라 줄기가 고사하여 식물체는 쓰러졌다. 분리된 균주의 균학적 특징, 병원성, rDNA ITS 영역의 염기서열을 기초로 병원균은 F. thapsinum으로 동정되었고, 수수의 줄기썩음병으로 명명하였다.