• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.69-82
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• 1994

In order to find out physiological effects of diets supplemented with seamustard (Undaria pinnatifida) on the growth, survival rate, body compositions and blood properties of young rockfishes (Sebastes schlegeli) in range of average total length from $2.99{\pm}0.23\;cm\;to\;18.52{\pm}1.07\;cm$ and average body weight from $1.03{\pm}0.18\;g\;to\;120.64{\pm}19.32\;g$, experiments were performed for 140 days by feeding four experimental diets supplemented with $0\%,\;3\%,\;5\%\;and\;7\%$ of seamustard powder. In addition, the tests on tolerance of the fishes against low $O_2$ saturation and starvation were carried out after the feeding experiments. The fishes fed diet supplemented with $5\%$ of seamustard powder revealed the best results in growth of total length and body weight. Crude lipid content in the whole viscera of fishes fed diets supplemented with seamustard powder was higher than that of fishes fed diet without seamustard powder, while the moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and crude ash composition in the dorsal muscle did not show any remarkable differences among diet groups with or without seamustard powder. Hematocrit and mean number of red blood cell in fishes fed diets supplemented with seamustard powder was elevated, despite of no notable changes in mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. The resistance of the fish to low $O_2$ saturation was elevated by feeding seamustard powder. Upon the starvation of fish for 31 days after the feeding experiments, body weight loss of three groups fed diets with seamustard was smaller compared with the group fed diet without seamustard.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2002

In order to assess the effect of feeding raw or processed cotton (Gossypium) seed meal (CSM) on meat and wool production, 30 male crossbred lambs (3-4 months) of uniform body weight were assigned equally to five dietary treatments in a completely randomised design. The CSM was processed by three different methods i.e., cooking the meal at $100^{\circ}C$ for 45 minutes, treatment with 1% calcium hydroxide ($Ca(OH)_2$) for 24 h and iron treatment in the ratio of 1 part free gossypol (FG) to 0.3 parts of iron for 30 minutes. The lambs were fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate mixtures, containing 30% deoiled peanut meal (reference diet) and 40% of either raw, cooked, $Ca(OH)_2$ or iron treated CSM for 180 days. The raw and variously processed CSM replaced about 50% nitrogen of reference concentrate mixture. The concentrate mixtures were fed to meet 80% of the protein requirements (NRC, 1985) along with ad libitum chopped maize (Zea mays) hay. The slaughter weight, empty body weight and carcass weight was higher ($p{\leq}0.01$) in lambs fed cooked CSM incorporated diets, compared to diets containing deoiled peanut meal (DPNM). These parameters were not influenced by feeding diets containing either raw, $Ca(OH)_2$ or iron treated CSM in comparison DPNM diets. The carcass length, loin eye area and edible and inedible portion of carcass and the meat: bone ratio in whole carcass were also not affected by feeding CSM based diets. Among various primal cuts, the yield of legs was lower ($p{\leq}0.05$) from raw CSM fed lambs in comparison to DPNM fed lambs. The fat content in the Longissimus dorsi muscle was reduced ($p{\leq}0.05$) in lambs fed processed CSM based diets compared to those fed DPNM diet. Replacing DPNM with either raw or processed CSM based diets did not influence the sensory attributes and overall acceptability of meat. The wool yield was higher ($p{\leq}0.05$) in iron treated CSM fed lambs. The fibre length and fibre diameter were comparable among lambs on various dietary regimes. Among lambs fed variously processed CSM diets, the feed cost per kg of edible meat production was lower ($p{\leq}0.05$) on $Ca(OH)_2$ treated CSM, followed by cooked CSM diet and then on raw CSM based diets compared to DPNM diet. The CSM after 1% $Ca(OH)_2$ treatment or cooking for 45 minutes appears to be a satisfactory protein supplement in lamb diets for meat and wool production to replace at least 50% nitrogen of scarce and costly peanut meal.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.255-266
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• 1999

The early development, growth, and morphological changes of Tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes are described on the basis of a seres of a series of reared specimens. Detailed o수 the early developmental stages are illusrtated withe special reference to morphological transformation. Egg and sperm of puffer fish Takifugu rubripes were obtained from mature adults under natural conditions, ferilized artificially and incubated in the laboratory. The incubation period of fertilizd eggs was 160 to 180 hours at a temperature of $15.1~ 18.0^{\circ}C$. Larvae were fed successively with rotifer, Artemia nauplii and artificial food for 90 days. The mean total length of newly-hatched larvae was about 2.8mm. Mouth opening occurred on the 1- day yolk-sac larvae and initial feeding was observed on th 4-5 days after hatching . The morphological transitions from the larvae to juvenile and juvenile and juvenile to young stages occurred when fish reached about 10mm in total length(about 30 days after hatching) and about 32mm in total length(about 60days after hatching) , respectively. The coefficient of variation in total length distribution increased with growth. Following the appearance of its peak at the size of about 18mm in total length, the coefficient value declined. Many changes in proportion of the body parts to total length were observed at about 9~10mm and 30~33mm in total length, corresponding to the transformations from larvae to juvenile and from juvenile to young, respectively. Also one big morphological change was observed at about 18mm in total length that divide the juvenile stage into two sub-stages.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.325-332
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• 2023

The feeding habits of the Fat Greenling Hexagrammos otakii were studied using 376 specimens (17.4~41.4 cm in total length) collected off the Incheon coast, Korea between March 2020 and February 2021. H. otakii ate mainly gastropoda and teleostei, incuding caridea, brachyura, polychaeta, cephalopoda and amphipoda. The diet composition of H. otakii showed changes in season. H. otakii ate mainly cephalopoda in spring and ate mainly polychaeta in summer. The teleostei feeding rate was highest in autumn, whereas the proportion of gastropoda was higher in winter than in other seasons. The mean number of preys per stomach (mN/ST, One-way ANOVA, F=2.026, P>0.05) and mean weight of preys per stomach (mW/ST, One-way ANOVA, F=1.075, P>0.05) didn't show a statistically significant difference among size classes.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.688-695
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• 2000

This study presents an approach to model and to analyse traction power feeding system focused on the amplification of harmonic current. Through the research we can conclude the following: - The resonance frequency is not depend on the location of vehicle. The magnification of harmonic is, however, a function of the position of a train. - The resonance frequency is lower as catenary length is longer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.733-737
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• 1996

This paper presents a method to measure tile position and orientation of a prismatic polyhedral object (of unknown width, length, height, and number of vertices) using machine vision. The width, length, and origin of workplace where an object is lying are defined as Preliminary operation. The edges of an object are detected from captured image using least sum of square error. The information of an object is determined from the geometric relationships between edges. As an user interface, a versatile image processing program is developed in several modules, and renders a very useful 3D measurement at a limited constraints when adopted in automation of production process. The flexibility of camera position from the algorithm developrf can be used for automated pick and place operations and feeding workpiece u: ;ing assembly robot.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.248-252
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• 2005

The virions of causative virus for white spot syndrome in cultured Fresh shrimp, Penaeus chinensis were rod-shaped, double envelope. An average size of the virion was 70 nm in diameter and $250\~300$ nm in length. Histopathological test of affected stomach, heart, and lymphoid organ revealed nuclear hypertrophy. Infectivity trials carried out by injection and feeding with purified virus revealed high cumulative mortality to healthy shrimp. The twenty one different protein species were detected in the analysis of virion. The length of total DNA from the purified virus particles were detected as a single band, double-stranded DNA molecule of approximately 114 kb.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.182-187
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• 2024

Feeding habits of the large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea, was studied using 816 specimens collected by large pair-trawl fishery from June 2021 to May 2022 in the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea. The range of total length was 19.8~57.4 cm. Using the IRI, Pisces were mainly prey component constituted 57.5%. Euphausiacea and Macrura were important prey component constituted 23.2% and 18.7%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the change in diet composition by size group. As the L. crocea grew, the feeding rate of Euphausiacea decreased and the feeding rate of Pisces increased. There were also significant differences in the changes in diet composition by seasonal group. The most important prey species for L. crocea in the winter and spring were Pisces, in the summer it was Macrura, and in the fall it was Euphausiacea. As a result of analyzing the feeding relationship between size groups and season groups, L. crocea showed significant differences in the interaction between size groups and season groups.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.113-125
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of low feeding level of concentrate after sexual maturity(14 month old) on the growing and breeding performances in Hanwoo cows. Eighteen cows(average body wt. 251kg) were alloted to two groups by completely randomized design, and fed a commercial formula feed by 0.8%(T1) and 1.2%(T2) of body weight for 30 months of total experimental period(feeding trial of 20 months, breeding trial of 10 months). When the results of this experiment compared to the Korean feeding standard for Hanwoo(2012), the reason of low growing performance in T1 was induced from low protein intake rather than energy. The change of body size by feeding levels was significantly appeared at chest width and body length, particularly chest width of cows in T1 was rather reduced by 3.7% in the final than the initial measurement. Ovarian size of T1 was only 63% of T2, and pregnancy rate(33.3% : 77.8%) and birth wight of calf(22.5kg : 29.5kg) were also seriously repressed by low intake of dietary protein after sexual maturity in Hanwoo cow. It was appeared that the growing and breeding performances of Hanwoo cows were more affected by the level of dietary protein rather than energy in the feeding after sexual maturity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 1969

Ten experimental tuna long line fishing operations were performed with the long lines A and B, in combination casting orders of BA and AB. The long line B differs from A in its additional main line length per basket and its greater depth of submersion (Table 1). The BA casting order results in an AB hauling order, so that the long line B is casted at an earlier time of a day and fishes for a longer period than A line (fig. 2). The number of fish caught was divided into subclasses in order to be subjected to $x^2-tests$ (Table 2). The first series of $x^2-tests$ were calculated using the hooking rates of two subclasses with other factors pooled (Table 3). The second series of $x^2-tests$ were calculated to obtain the interactions between two subclasses when other factors differed (Table 4). Attention was paid to the extremely small interactions as well as to the large interactions in order to find out whether a factor functions in the same way or in a contradictory way when the other factors involved differ. The test result is summarized in Table 5. The relationship between the hook casting time (relative to the sunrise time) and the hooking rates reveals the feeding behavior of particular species (fig. 3) A high hooking rate for yellowfin tuna shown in the period from one hour before sunrise to the moment of sunrise suggests that they feed actively in that period. Their poor hooking rate on earlier casted hooks suggests that they do not feed well under conditions of darkness and that they feed best while the hooks are sinking. Furthermore it is likely that yellowfin tuna maintain a shallow depth in the daytime, for the $x^2$ interaction between the line casting order BA and AB shows their persistant preferance of the long line A regardless of line casting order. Bigeye tuna show their feeding behavior under conditions of darkness, and show a preference for the sea's deeper layer. Alepisaurus borealis (Gill) show their feeding behavior under conditions of darkness more significantly than the bigeye tuna and their preferance for deep layers is also more significant. Marlins (mainly Makaria mazara) show a feeding behavior which is similar to the yellowfin tuna. The author emphasizes that certain variations of the hooking rates in relation to the line easting time were caused by an inadequate fishing depth as well as by the fish preference for a particular feeding time. When the part of the line casted in pre-dawn hours and hauled in the pre-sunset hours show a significantly lower hooking rate than other parts of the line, then it is concluded that tile hooks settled in a sea layer too deep for feeding.