• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.17 no.2_3
• /
• pp.87-97
• /
• 2003

The growth characteristics of creeping bentgrass seeded in the seaside landfill golf course are as follows. 1. As a result of analysis on the chemical characteristics of soil mixture used for turfgrass ground in this experiment, soil pH was 7.9, which is somewhat higher than the creeping bentgrass reference value of pH 5.5∼6.5; T-N(%) was 0.02, which is proper for the reference value, and trace element too lacked. 2. The cultivar with the fastest water infiltration was Seaside II recorded as 226.2cm/sec, while that with the slowest water infiltration was Pennlinks recorded as 141.1 cm/hr which was too faster than the USGA water infiltration reference value of 15∼30cm/hr. For the surface hardness of turfgrass ground with different cultivars, no statistically significant variation was found between the Penncross grass and the Pennlinks recorded as 18.6mm and 19.1 mm, respectively. The soil penetration was the highest in Pennlinks recorded as 7.6kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and lowest in Penn A-1 as 6.1kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$. 3. As a result of evaluation on visual quality at the early stage of growth, Penncross showed the most excellent visual quality compared to the others. However, Penn A-1 showed the most excellent visual quality at a late stage of growth around Sep. 17, 2003, and it was also excellent in the evaluation of visual color. Seaside II showed higher density around the root and the longest root length and was highly resistant to salt compared to others, but the initial sprouting rate was not satisfied, and the visual quality in the summer season was inferior to others. 4. As a result of measurement of the traffic injury, Penncross showed the most tolerant to the traffic stress and Pennlinks showed the most susceptible.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.175-181
• /
• 1999

There are issues regarding how some of traffic parameters should be set so that ATM and non-ATM service parameters can be compatible. For example, policing method used by frame relay based on CIR(committed information rate) will not exactly match the ATM UPC(Usage Parameter Control) method. ATM and the frame relay have different transfer modes and traffic parameters. The cells and frames are police by their own traffic control schemes. For the same information, the real traffic of the ATM side takes greater bandwidth than that of the frame relay side caused by ATM cell format and AAL5 format. IN both networks this bandwidth than that of the frame relay side caused by ATM cell format and AAL5 format. In both networks this bandwidth ratio should be considered on traffic parameter mapping to maintain their QoS and to perform efficient network resource management. In this paper we describe traffic parameter mapping schemes between frame relay and ATM in ATM network and how to expect the bandwidth ratio to maintain FR QoS in ATM network. We assumed frame length distribution to Erlang or Exponential probability density function.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2005

By testing the separation performance for a fine settleable solid removal system in an aquaculture system using polystyrene particles as an experimental substitute, the optimal geometric dimensions for a Low-Pressure Hydrocyclone (LPH) were obtained. The design approach far the LPH took into consideration two inflow diameters (Di: 30, 50 mm), three overflow diameters (Do: 60, 70, 100 mm) and four cylinder lengths (Lc: 250, 345, 442, 575 mm), while the cylinder diameter (Dc) at 335 mm, the underflow diameter (Du) at 50 mm and the cone angle (${\theta}$) at $68^{\circ}$ were kept constant. The separation performances of 19 different dimension combinations of LPH were tested, ranging from 300 to 1200 ml/sec of inflow rate using substitute polystyrene particles (0.4-0.7 mm dia., ${\rho}_s=1.05g/cm^3$). These polystyrene particles exhibit a similar density and settling velocity to the fine fecal debris of the common carp. The total separation efficiency for the inflow rate ranged from a high of 97% to a low of 20%. Experimental results obtained by ANCOVA and the Tukey test (${\alpha}=0.05$) showed that the separation performances of the LPH were significantly affected (P<0.05) by the fi, Di, Do and Lc. The maximum separation performance was detected at a dimension combination of 30 mm of inflow diameter (Di), 60 mm of overflow diameter (Do), 442 and 575 mm of cylinder length (Lc). The dimension proportions were 0.09, 1.32-1.72, 0.18 and 0.15 for Di/Dc, Lc/Dc, Do/Dc and Du/Dc respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2000

Most land development projects and large scale civil works require a great amount of sand. And sand is also the most favorable material for soft ground improvement. The demand for sand is soaring rapidly due to increased number of projects regardless of its limited supply. Therefore, it is not difficult to predict that sand may become depleted and no longer be available as ground improvement material in the near future. Against this backdrop, developing an inexpensive sand-substitution material with an efficient accessibility will be necessary and urgently called for. So quick lime could be recommended as the substitutional material for sand. Quick lime is now preferred by forward developed nations. If Korea is able to take advantage of its abundant supply, economical efficiency could be achieved through massive production as well as being able to take advantage of utilization of natural resources. In this respect the purpose of this paper was to estimate improvement effect of soft ground though in-situ construction of quick lime pile. In-situ construction was peformed in road construction site of soft clay and in this study quick lime from Dan-yang that was estimated prominently in aspect of engineering characteristics was used. Quick lime piles were installed by 1.5m, 2.0m, 3.0m spacing to confirm improvement effect according to spacing and installed piles are 0.4m in diameter, up to 5m in length and the density of quick piles installed is 1.4 t/㎥. Vibrating wire pore water pressure cell was installed to confirm consolidation characteristics in surrounding of quick lime piles and both laboratory test and field test were carried out to confirm strength increase. In conclusion, soft ground improvement by quick lime piles was confirmed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2006.03a
• /
• pp.12-19
• /
• 2006

Landslide model experiments considering hourly rainfall were performed to investigate and predict the run out distance induced by landslides. The model flume and the rainfall simulator were designed and produced. The model flume was designed in consideration of the landslide characteristics of Korea. The landslides in Korea were mainly occurred in the interface between soil layer and rock layer. The rainfall simulator was produced for controlling hourly rainfall ranged from 100mm/hr to 1,000mm/hr. Jumnunjin standard sand as slope soils was placed on the model flume. The model experiments were performed with changing the hourly rainfall ranged from 150mm/hr to 250mm/hr. In this experiments, the inclination of slope was 25o and the relative density of slope soils was 35%. As a result of experiments, the pore water pressure is rapidly increased at landslide occurring time, and the scale of landslide is increased with increasing in hourly rainfall. The spreading range of run out distance is occurred with pan type, and the spreading width and length are rapidly increased in its early stage and slowly increased after early stage. Also, The increasing velocity of run out distance of debris is influenced by hourly rainfall.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.177-188
• /
• 2012

We analyzed crown development in Aucuba japonica Thunb. var. japonica resulting from the responses of phytoelements to habitat light conditions over a long period of time. Over the years, the degree of extension unit (EU) dimorphism and the degree of anisophylly were higher under shaded conditions than in brighter conditions. An overall temporally increasing pattern in the degree of EU dimorphism was found while no clear-cut trend was found in the case of anisophylly. EU length and number of leaves per EU co-varied in a spatio-temporal context. The number of terminal buds and their sizes acted as the key initiators of morphological differences of phytoelements which were further amplified following bud break. Leaf area density was displayed mostly in the apex peripheral layer of the crown and the apex layer received most of the incident light. There was a tradeoff between annual leaf production and mean leaf size. Depending on the heterogeneity of irradiance level within a crown, correlative growth inhibition caused higher EU mortality at brighter sites. Due to high mortality, shorter EUs had a mere role in the construction of structural framework of the crown except for the formation of some gaps. There was a strong convergence of EU dimorphism, anisophylly, EU extension growth and variations in leaf size towards formation of functional crown to reduce potential self-shading. Depending on the irradiance level, Aucuba japonica Thunb. var. japonica showed two different modes of crown expansion. At the brighter sites, individual crown expansion was progressive while at the darker sites, individual crown expanded in a diminishing manner and maintained a stable size. A plant's "growth diminishing phase" appeared earlier at shaded sites than brighter sites.

• Composites Research
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.44-51
• /
• 2004

To determine the effect of numbers of nitrogen atom bonded at ethyl group included in main chain of linear amine curing agents of epoxy-cure systems on the thermal and mechanical properties, standard epoxy resin DGEBF was cured with DETA, TETA and TEPA in a stoichiometrically equivalent ratio. From this work, the effect of curing agents of the DGEBF/amine systems oil the thermal and mechanical properties was significantly influenced by numbers of nitrogen atom of curing agents. The results showed that heat of reaction increased, and maximum exothermic temperature decreased with the decrease of numbers of nitrogen atom. In case of cured systems, density and maximum conversion(%) had no relation to numbers of nitrogen atom, but flexural modulus and tensile modulus increased with the decrease of numbers of nitrogen atom in main chain. Thermal stability, shrinkage(%), Tg, tensile and flexural strength showed irregular tendency having nothing to do with numbers of nitrogem atom at a sight. This findings imply that the differences in the maximum conversion(%) about the chain length of curing agents affect the thermal and mechanical properties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2001.05a
• /
• pp.478-483
• /
• 2001

We experimentally attempted to understand the vibration characteristics of a flexible pipe excited by vortex shedding. This has been extensively studied in the past decades (For example, see ［2-9］). However, there are still areas that need more study. One of them is to study the relation between spatial characteristics of a flow induced vibrating pipe, such as its length, the distribution of wave number, and frequency responses. A non-linear mechanism between the responses of in-line and cross-flow directions is also an area of interests, if the pipe is relatively long so that structural modal density is reasonably high. In order to investigate such areas, two kinds of instrumented pipe were designed. The instrumented pipes, of which the lengths are equally 6m, are wound with rubber and silicon tape in different ways, having different vortex shedding conditions. One has uniform cross-section of diameter of 26. 7mm, and the other has equally spaced by 4 sub-sections, which are composed of different diameters of 75.9, 61.1, 45.6 and 26.7mm. Both pipes are towed in a water tank (200m ${\times}$ 16m ${\times}$ 7m) so that they experienced different vortex shedding excitations. The towing pipe experiments exhibit several valuable features. One of them is that the natural frequencies and their corresponding strain mode shapes dominate the strain response of the uniform pipe. However, for those of non-uniform pipe, the responses are more likely local and many modes participate in it.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.137-142
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of silicate mixed with nitrogen fertilizer on improving the growth and reducing nitrogen input of zoysiagrass. Plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoots, roots, and stolons, the number of shoots and total of stolons length were increased with highest in silicate mixed with nitrogen 24 kg/10a than nitrogen 24 kg/10a, and it showed no significance in silicate mixed with nitrogen 18 kg/10a. Nitrogen use efficiency in mixed silicate fertilizer was increased by 25-30% than single nitrogen fertilization. Moreover, the contents of available $SiO_2$, and organic matters of silicate fertilization on soil was higher than not silicate fertilization on soil. The silicate enhanced the growth and density of zoysiagrass, while it was a crucial factor to affect the chemical property of the soil.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.204-209
• /
• 2014

The electrodeposition of ZnO nanorods was performed on ITO glass. The optimization of two process parameters (solution temperature and growth time) has been studied in order to control the orientation, morphology, density, and growth rate of ZnO nanorods. The structural and optical properties of ZnO nanorods were systematically investigated by using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, and photoluminescence. Commonly, the results of the structural property show that hexagonal ZnO nanorods with wurtzite crystal structures have a c-axis orientation, and higher intensity for the ZnO (002) diffraction peaks. Furthermore, the nanorods length increased with increasing both the solution temperature and the growth time. The results of the optical property show a strong UV (3.28 eV) peaks and a weak visible (1.9~2.4 eV) bands, the intensity of UV peaks was increased with increasing both the solution temperature and the growth time. Especially, the UV peak for growth of nanorods at $75^{\circ}C$ blue-shift than different temperatures.