• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.274-277
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• 1997

The complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS) exhibit symptoms such as: abnormal skin color, temperature change, abnormal pseudomotor activity, edema. If CRPS is not treated appropriately at acute stage, then the affected extremity may become a useless, painful appendage. Treatment of CRPS by sympathetic blockade may be achieved by repeated intravenous regional guanethidine blocks, repeated anesthetic sympathetic blocks, surgical sympathectomy or oral sympatholytic therapy. We treated 29-year-old male patient with CRPS of left upper extremity by continuous cervical epidural blockade. Due to wound infection and dislocation of the epidural catheter, we inserted an implantable port system to inject the mixture of local anesthetics and small amount of morphine. After 10 months of treatment, patient was cured of symptoms and signs of CRPS and was able to resume a normal life.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.119-122
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• 2011

A rotator cuff tear causes shoulder pain and limits movement of the shoulder joint. A chronic degenerative change or impingement is the reason for a rotator cuff tear. Diagnosis is made based on medical history and, physical and radiological examinations. Other causes of shoulder pain include calcific tendinitis, degenerative arthropathy, joint dislocation, fracture, and primary or metastatic neoplasm. However, metastatic cancer in the shoulder joint is difficult to diagnosis. We experienced a case in which a 46-year-old female patient complained of left shoulder pain and limited joint mobility, and these symptoms were due to metastatic breast cancer in the shoulder.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.75-78
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• 2000

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review primary traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation in the 40 years and older to determine the incidence of recurrence, rotator cuff injury and associated fractures. Materials and Methods: From May, 1991 to October, 1998, seventeen patients were available to participate in the study. The average age was 55 years(range, 40 to 75 years). Follow-up averaged 27 months(range, 12 to 48 months). There were 12 men and 5 women. 10 right and 7 left shoulders were involved. Any participant with a history of shoulder pain and limitation of motion was excluded from the study. Each shoulder was evaluated with UCLA shoulder functional assessment. Results: The overall results were excellent in 9 patients(52.9%), good in 3 patients(17 .6%), fair in 3 patients(17.6%), and poor in 2 patients(11.7%). Surgical treatment of the associated rotator cuff and greater tuberosity fracture injuries resulted in 5 patients with excellent(55.6%), 3 patients with good(33.3%) and I patient with poor(11.1 %) and Nonsurgical treatment of the associated injuries resulted in 2 patients with excellent(33.3%), 3 patients with fair(50%), 1 patient with poor(16.7%)(P=0.025). Conclusion : Our findings on small number of patients suggest that the diagnosis of a rotator cuff and other pathologies should be approached aggressively by an MRI, CT arthrogram if significant pain and weakness are still present and early surgical repair of rotator cuff and greater tuberosity can lead to restoration of shoulder function and better outcomes in selected patients.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2012

목적: 견관절 전방불안정 환자는 탈구에 대한 불안감 및 탈구시의 통증 등 다양한 원인으로 정상적인 운동 및 활동을 하지 못할 것으로 예상할 수 있으나 이에 대한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 견관절 전방불안정 환자와 정상인 사이의 내회전 및 외회전력에 대해 등속성 근력 검사를 시행하여 전방불안정 환자에서 나타나는 회전력의 변화를 살펴보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2009년 3월부터 2010년 2월까지 우측 우세수의 견관절 전방 불안정 진단 하에 수술적 치료를 시행한 환자 중 수술 전 등속성 근력 검사를 시행한 환자 13명을 대상으로 하였고, 견관절의 전방불안정 증상이 없는 정상 성인 15명을 대조군으로 설정하였다. 대상군 및 대조군 모두 남성이었으며 두 군간의 평균 연령, 신장, 체중, 체질량 등의 차이는 없었다. 등속성 근력 검사는 Biodex system (Biodex Medical Systems, Shirley, NY, USA)을 사용하여 60 deg/sec, 180 deg/sec 의 각속도로 견관절의 외회전력 및 내회전력의 체중보정 최대우력 (peak torque)과 총 일량을 측정하였고, 외회전, 내회전 최대우력비율 및 운동피로도를 계산하였다. 두 군간에 각 측정치를 비교하여 전방 불안정 환자의 회전력의 특징을 분석하였다. 결과: 불안정증이 없는 좌측 견관절의 등속성 회전근력은 양군 사이에 모든 측정치에서 차이가 없었다. 우측 견관절의 등속성 근력 검사결과 내회전력은 전방 불안정환자와 정상 대조군 간 모든 각속도에서 최대우력 및 총 일량 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 외회전력의 체중보정 최대우력과 총 일량은 전방불안정 환자에서 60 deg/sec 및 180 deg/sec 두 각속도에서 모두 정상 대조군에 비하여 감소되었고, 외회전력/내회전력의 최대우력비율 역시 통계적 차이가 있었다. 운동피로도는 외회전력, 내회전력 모두 양 군간에 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 결론: 견관절 전방불안정 환자는 견관절의 외회전력이 감소되어 있고 내회전-외회전력의 균형이 소실되어 있으나 근피로도는 정상으로 판단되며 이는 견관절 탈구 환자의 보존적 치료나 재활에 있어 고려해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.216-226
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• 2020

Root resorption can be caused by several factors, including contact with the cortical bone. Here we report a case involving a 21-year-old female with Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion who exhibited significant root resorption in the maxillary right central incisor after orthodontic treatment. The patient presented with significant left-sided deviation of the maxillary incisors due to lingual dislocation of the left lateral incisor and a Class II molar relationship. Cephalometric analysis demonstrated a Class I skeletal relationship (A point-nasion-B point, 2.5°) and proclined maxillary anterior teeth (upper incisor to sella-nasion plane angle, 113.4°). The primary treatment objectives were the achievement of stable occlusion with midline agreement between the maxillary and mandibular dentitions and appropriate maxillary anterior tooth axes and molar relationship. A panoramic radiograph obtained after active treatment showed significant root resorption in the maxillary right central incisor; therefore, we performed cone-beam computed tomography, which confirmed root resorption along the cortical bone around the incisive canal. The findings from this case, where different degrees of root resorption were observed despite comparable degrees of orthodontic movement in the bilateral maxillary central incisors, suggest that the incisive canal could be an inducing factor for root resorption. However, further investigation is necessary to confirm this assumption.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.557-566
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• 2009

본 연구에서 KPGA소속 프로골퍼 5명, KLPGA소속 프로골퍼 5명 총 10명을 대상으로 골프 드라이브 스윙시 내측광근, 외측광근, 전경골근, 비복근의 근전도 분석을 통하여 운동역학적 요인을 비교분석하였으며, 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 성별에 따른 근 활동전위 차이는 어드레스부터 백스윙탑까지 구간에서 남성의 오른쪽 비복근이 가장 높게 나타났고, 백스윙탑에서 임팩트까지 구간에서 여성의 오른쪽 전경골근이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 모든 구간과 국면에서 남성의 경우 왼쪽 하지근이 주동근이었고, 여성의 경우 오른쪽 하지근이 주동근으로 나타났으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 남자의 경우 백스윙탑에서 임팩트 구간까지 체중을 이동시키면서 왼쪽 전경골근이 주동근으로 활동하는 것으로 판단되며, 여성의 경우 오른쪽 무릎을 왼쪽 무릎 쪽으로 밀어주는 동작에서 오른쪽 외측광근과 전경골근이 주동근으로 나타났다. 따라서 남성의 경우 왼쪽 외측광근과 전경골근을, 여성의 경우 오른쪽 외측광근과 전경골근을 발달시킬 수 있는 트레이닝을 수행한다면 비거리와 방향성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.285-297
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• 1998

This report details a case of 8-year-old girl showing failure of odontogenesis after chemo-radiation therapy for the rhabdomyosarcoma at the age of 4. The observed results were as follows : 1. Past history revealed that she had received for a total radiation dose of 4430cGy, 29 fractions in 6 weeks and chemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin D and cytoxan, followed as maintenance phase for 2 years. 2. The patient was symptom -free and appointed for the treatment of multiple dental caries. 3. Oral examination showed hypoplastic enamel on whole erupted permanent teeth and showed retarded eruption. 4. Conventional radiograms showed failure of root development including abrupt cessation of root formation and root agenesis, and microdontia, missing teeth, irregular enamel, dislocation of the impacted teeth. Additional finding showed good healing bone pattern on the left mandibular ramus and angle area. 5. Cephalometric analysis revealed failure of bite raising due to incomplete eruption of all the first molars and made it possible to suspect entrapped mandibular growth and then Class II tendency growth. 6. There was correlation between the time of chemo-radiation therapy and the damage of the teeth.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.242-246
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• 2006

Purpose: Frequency of sesamoid bone on hallucal interphalangeal joint has been described to be low probability in orthopaedic and anatomical literature. We have, however, experienced two cases of interphalangeal joint dislocation giving difficulty to usual manipulative reduction because of presence of sesamoid bone recently. In order to ascertain existence of sesamoid bone on interphalangeal joint of hallux in Korean adults, radiological study have been performed with feet of patients Materials and Methods: Between May 2003 and October 2006, 974 patients with 1098 radiographs of feet which were reached skeletal maturity over 18-year-old were examined. Unilateral or bilateral anteroposterior, lateral and oblique radiographs were observed by one same person and presence was recorded if there was sesamoid in films. Distance of long and short axes were measured in lateral view and cases of two sesamoids in interphalangeal joint were recorded. Statistical differences between left and right side or between men and women were evaluated by chi-square test. Results: Frequency of sesamoid was 980 cases (89.3%) and no occurrence in 118 cases (10.7%). Two sesamoids were observed in 3 cases. Average distance of long axis was 4.9 mm (range, 0.5-11.4) and average distance of short axis was 3.5 mm (range, 0.3-9.3). Unilateral sesamoid was observed in 7 patients (5.6%), bilateral absence was 7 patients (5.6%) and bilateral sesamoids in 110 patients (88.8%) out of 124 patients who took bilateral feet radiographs. Men has less frequency than women significantly (p=0.014) while there was no significant difference in frequency according to side(p>0.05). Conclusion: Sesamoid bone was seen in 980 feet (89.3%) out of 1098 normal Korean radiological studies of feet. We report 3 cases of two seamoids which was extremely rarely reported in literature. Korean frequency is similar with Japanese, but much higher than Caucasians and black Africans.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2016년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.105-105
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• 2016

Recently, high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) has attracted considerable attentions due to its high potential for industrial applications. By pulsing the sputtering target with high power density and short duration pulses, a high plasma density and high ionization of the sputtered species can be obtained. HIPIMS has exhibited several merits such as increased coating density, good adhesion, microparticle-free and smooth surface, which make the HIPIMS technique desirable for synthesizing hard coatings. However, hard coatings present intrinsic defects (columnar structures, pinholes, pores, discontinuities) which can affect the corrosion behavior, especially when substrates are active alloys like steel or in a wear-corrosion process. Atomic layer deposition (ALD), a CVD derived method with a broad spectrum of applications, has shown great potential for corrosion protection of high-precision metallic parts or systems. In ALD deposition, the growth proceeds through cyclic repetition of self-limiting surface reactions, which leads to the thin films possess high quality, low defect density, uniformity, low-temperature processing and exquisite thickness control. These merits make ALD an ideal candidate for the fabrication of excellent oxide barrier layer which can block the pinhole and other defects left in the coating structure to improve the corrosion protection of hard coatings. In this work, CrN/Al2O3/CrN multilayered coatings were synthesized by a hybrid process of HIPIMS and ALD techniques, aiming to improve the CrN hard coating properties. The influence of the Al2O3 interlayer addition, the thickness and intercalation position of the Al2O3 layer in the coatings on the microstructure, surface roughness, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviors were investigated. The results indicated that the dense Al2O3 interlayer addition by ALD lead to a significant decrease of the average grain size and surface roughness and greatly improved the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the CrN coatings. The thickness increase of the Al2O3 layer and intercalation position change to near the coating surface resulted in improved mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The mechanism can be explained by that the dense Al2O3 interlayer acted as an excellent barrier for dislocation motion and diffusion of the corrosive substance.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2021

Objective: In humans, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an androgen-dependent ovarian disorder. Aberrant gene expression in folliculogenesis can arrest the transition of preantral to antral follicles, leading to PCOS. We explored the possible role of altered gene expression in preantral follicles of estradiol valerate (EV) induced polycystic ovaries (PCO) in a mouse model. Methods: Twenty female balb/c mice (8 weeks, 20.0±1.5 g) were grouped into control and PCO groups. PCO was induced by intramuscular EV injection. After 8 weeks, the animals were killed by cervical dislocation. Blood serum (for hormonal assessments using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique) was aspirated, and ovaries (the right ovary for histological examinations and the left for quantitative real-time polymerase) were dissected. Results: Compared to the control group, the PCO group showed significantly lower values for the mean body weight, number of preantral and antral follicles, serum levels of estradiol, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, and gene expression of TGFB1, GDF9 and BMPR2 (p<0.05). Serum progesterone levels were significantly higher in the PCO animals than in the control group (p<0.05). No significant between-group differences (p>0.05) were found in BMP6 or BMP15 expression. Conclusion: In animals with EV-induced PCO, the preantral follicles did not develop into antral follicles. In this mouse model, the gene expression of TGFB1, GDF9, and BMPR2 was lower in preantral follicles, which is probably related to the pathologic conditions of PCO. Hypoandrogenism was also detected in this EV-induced murine PCO model.