• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.260-267
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• 2009

Recent studies have shown that Panax ginseng has a variety of beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Homocysteine (Hcy), which is derived from methionine, has been closely associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, whether the in-vivo long-term co-administration of ginseng total saponins (GTS), active ingredients of Panax ginseng, with L-methionine (Met) inhibits methionine-induced hyperhomocysteine (HHcy) and H-Hcy-induced cardiovascular dysfunctions was investigated, and it was found that the plasma Hcy level, which was measured after 30 and 60 days, in the GTS+Met co-administration group was more significantly reduced than in the Metalone-treatment group. The left-ventricle (LV) wall thickness of the heart was likewise examined in each treatment group, and it was found that the co-administration of GTS with Met significantly reduced the Met-induced LV wall thickness. The results of the study indicate that the in-vivo long-term co-administration of GTS with Met not only inhibited H-Hcy induced by long-term Met-alone administration but also attenuated the H-Hcy-induced cardiovascular dysfunctions in rats.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2024

This study analysed the factors that predict and influence heart disease through key indicators related to changes in left atrial and left ventricular size. Measurements recommended by the American Society of Echocardiography were used, and the influence of variables was assessed using multiple regression analysis. The results showed that left atrial volume index(LAVI) was significantly different by age, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and left ventricular relaxation dysfunction(p<0.05). Left ventricular mass index(LVMI) was significantly different according to age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and left ventricular relaxation dysfunction(p<0.05). Increases in LVMI and relative ventricular wall thickness(RWT) were associated with changes in LAVI(p<0.05). Age, systolic blood pressure, increased LAVI, and RWT influenced changes in LVMI, and left ventricular dysfunction was analysed as an influencing factor for both changes in LAVI and LVMI. Therefore, changes in left atrial and left ventricular size are indicators for early diagnosis and prevention of heart disease, and it is necessary to carefully observe structural changes in the heart and actively manage risk factors for the prevention and management of heart disease.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.529-537
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• 1994

Sector scanner which has a conical end is used to image through the intercostal space because heart is protected by the ribs. Cardiac data published all around the world were also obtained by sector scanner. Although scanners being used in every small animal practice and animal hospital at college in Korea include convex ape and linear type, linear type is not appropriate f3r cardiac scan because of a wide contact surface. The purpose of this study is to establish ultrasonographic images of normal cardiac structures by measuring shape, size of reflectable cardiac structure according to restraint position in scanning normal heart of the puppies with 6.5 MHz convex scanner(SonoAce 4500, Medison, Korea) used in our veterinary teaching hospital, Seoul national university. Seventeen male and female puppies considered having healthy hear by X-ray and clinical examination are used feom April to July 1994. Scanning point selection of probe head and the distinction of imaged cardiac structures were accomplished by necropsy and cardiac scanning performed through thoracotomy under general anesthesia. At 10 o'clock position of transducer(at an angle of 30$^{\circ}$ between imaginary line from elbow joint to 3rd sternum and probe head, 60$^{\circ}$ from body surface, 4th intercostal space of right thorax) with the marker of scanner toward the head of dogs right atrium, left atrium and left ventricle were observed in 2, 3, 4, 5 intercostal space(2cm from the sternum) of experimental dog positioned ventrodorsally under general anesthesia. Under these conditions, the numerical values of imaged diastolic hear are as follows : the distance from skin to apex(mean$\pm$S.D) 47.53$\pm$6.94mm, thickness of left ventricular wall 6.00$\pm$1.60mm, length of left ventricle 16.27$\pm$5.31mm, width of left ventricle 15,33$\pm$4.25mm, length of left atrium 12.33$\pm$3.82mm, width of left atrium 11. 33$\pm$3.94mm, length of right atrium 1.00$\pm$2.41mm, width of right atrium 11.21$\pm$2.76mm and the area of left ventricle 270.92$\pm$109.81mm$^2$, area of left atrium 98.00$\pm$41.08mm$^2$, area of right atrium 62.75$\pm$21.04mm$^2$.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.464-472
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• 2004

Aortic regurgitation occurs when there is a leakage of the valve backward into the left ventricle during diastole. Chronic aortic regurgitation may be present for decades before any symptoms occur. The left ventricle is able to compensate for the large volume of blood that flows backward by enlarging the cavity and increasing the thickness of the muscle. This mechanism allows the heart to pump out both the amount of blood required by the body and the blood that has gone backward into the left ventricle. One patient who had chest pain from exercise was treated. He was diagnosed with aortic regurgitation LVH by echocardiography. Signs showed him to be of Taeumin-type within Sasang Constitutional Medicine. He was prescribed Gamijoripewontang for 75 days, and improvement of clinical symptoms were observed. Results support prescription of Gamijoripewontang as an effective treatment for Taeumin-type patients suffering chest pain caused by aortic regurgitation.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 1992

An algorithm has been proposed for the automatic detection of optimal epiand endocardial left ventricular borders from 2-D short axis echocardiogram which is degraded by noise and echo drop out. For the implementation of the algorithm, we modified Ballard's Generalized Hough Transform which can be applicable only for deterministic object border, and newly proposed Fuzzy Hough Transform method. The algorithm presented here allows detection of object whose exact shapes are unknown. The algorithm only requires an approximate model of target object based on anatomical data. To detect the approximate epicardial contour of left ventricle, Fuzzy Hough Transform was applied to the echocardiogram. The optimal epicardial contour was founded by using graph searching method which contains cost function analysis process. Using this optimal epicardial contour and average thickness imformation of left ventricular wall, the approximate endocardial line was founded, and graph searching method was also used to detect optimal endocardial contour.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.545-552
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was evaluated the relationship between echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography in normal adults by visual assessment, and evaluated the effective doses of cardiac computed tomography. The subjects were 100 normal patients who visited two general hospitals in Chungnam, from January 1 to May 30, 2018. We obtained images by using these modalities and evaluated the wall thickness and internal dimension of the Left Ventricle with visual assessment. To evaluate the appropriateness of the visual evaluation, two evaluators who were trained for one week were measured and the agreement between the evaluators were verified by statistical analysis. The effective doses of computed tomography were evaluated using the dose length product. As a result, there was a high correlation between the two modalities. The agreement between the two visual evaluator were also highly agreed. The mean X-ray dose of the subjects was $11.1{\pm}3.1mSv$. Although the purpose of imaging is somewhat different in the clinical setting, echocardiography could achieve the same results as radiation-invasive computed tomography. It is thought that utilization will become even larger.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 2024

For precise cardiac diagnostics and treatment, we introduce a novel method for patient-specific mapping between myocardial and coronary anatomy, leveraging local variations in myocardial thickness. This complex system integrates and automates multiple sophisticated components, including left ventricle segmentation, myocardium segmentation, long-axis estimation, coronary artery tracking, and advanced geodesic Voronoi distance mapping. It meticulously accounts for variations in myocardial thickness and precisely delineates the boundaries between coronary territories according to the conventional 17-segment myocardial model. Each phase of the system provides a step-by-step approach to automate coronary artery mapping onto the myocardium. This innovative method promises to transform cardiac imaging by offering highly precise, automated, and patient-specific analyses, potentially enhancing the accuracy of diagnoses and the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for various cardiac conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2009

We investigated whether deficiency of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) could prevent isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in iNOS knockout (KO) mice. Isoproterenol was continuously infused subcutaneously (15 mg/kg/day) using an osmotic minipump. Isoproterenol reduced body weight and fat mass in both iNOS KO and wild-type mice compared with saline-infused wild-type mice. Isoproterenol increased the heart weight in both iNOS KO and wild-type mice but there was no difference between iNOS KO and wild-type mice. Posterior wall thickness of left ventricle showed the same tendency with heart weight. Protein level of iNOS in the left ventricle was increased in isoproterenol-infused wild-type mice. The gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ (TGF-${\beta}$) in isoproterenol-infused wild-type was measured at 2, 4, 24, and 48-hour and isoproterenol increased both IL-6 (2, 4, 24, and 48-hour) and TGF-${\beta}$ (4 and 24-hour). Isoproterenol infusion for 7 days increased the mRNA level of IL-6 and TGF-${\beta}$ in iNOS KO mice, whereas the gene expression in wild-type mice was not increased. Phosphorylated form of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (pERK) was also increased by isoproterenol at 2 and 4-hour but was not increased at 7 days after infusion in wild-type mice. However, the increased pERK level in iNOS KO mice was maintained even at 7 days after isoproterenol infusion. These results suggest that deficiency of iNOS does not prevent isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and may have potentially harmful effects on cardiac hypertrophy.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2015

This study was conducted to provide the microanatomical information of the heart-kidney complex of Tegillarca granosa. The heart-kidney complex was located in the pericardial cavity between the dosal visceral mass and posterior adductor muscle. The heart composed of two atrium and one ventricle. The kidney composed of a pair of left and right. The atrium and ventricle of the heart were composed of the epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. The epicardium of simple epithelial layer composed of cuboidal epithelial cells that had a strong basophilic nucleus located in the center. The myocardium composed of muscle fiber bundles. The myocardium in ventricle was denser than in the atrium. The endocardium of simple epithelial layer composed of squamous epithelial cell that had a strong basophilic nucleus was located in the center. The endocardium thickness of the atrium was $6.04({\pm}2.26){\mu}m$, endocardium thickness of the atrium was $7.36({\pm}3.21){\mu}m$, and appeared to be thicker in the ventricle. The kidney composed of numerous renal tubules. The renal tubule of simple epithelial layer composed of columnar epithelial cell with nucleus located in the basal zone and a number of cytoplasmic granules. The developed striated border was the inner epidermis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.233-236
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• 1995

Subepicardial space is one of the regions in which fat in moderate amount is normally deposited. When excess deposits of epicardial fat occur, penetration or infiltration of fat into the connective tissues between muscle bundles is observed. In some cases with very extensive involvement of epicardial fat,myocardial insufficiency and conduction system defect such as heart block have been implicated. More fat is deposited over the right ventricle than over left and the anterior surface contains more fat than dose the posterior surface. We studied 40 patients who underwent open heart surgery under the cardiopulmonary bypass. This study was designed to evaluate the percentage of the area of epicardial fat of the right ventricular anterior surface, which is more accessible area during the operative procedure. Other variables included thickness of subcutanous tissue of anterior chest wall, the ratio of waist to hip circumference, body weight and age. In conclusion, the amount of the epicardial fat correlates with thickness of the subcutaneous fat of the anterior chest wall and simple linear regression analysis indicates good correlation with body weight. Increased age results in large amount of epicardial fat.