• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.280-290
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• 2007

Purpose: Gender differences in personality are considered to have biological bases. In an attempt to understand the gender differences of personality on neurobiological bases, we conducted correlation analyses between regional brain glucose metabolism and temperament factors of personality in males and females. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six healthy right-handed volunteers (18 males, 33.8$\pm$17.6 y; 18 females, 36.2$\pm$20.4 y) underwent FDG PET at resting state. Three temperament factors of personality (novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence (RD)) were assessed using Cloninger's 240-item Temperament and Character Inventory (TCD within 10 days of FOG PET scan. Correlation between regional glucose metabolism and each temperament factor was tested using SPM2. Results: In males, a significant negative correlation between NS score and glucose metabolism was observed in the bilateral superior temporal gyri, the hippocampus and the insula, while it was found in the bilateral middle frontal gyri, the right superior temporal gyrus and the left cingulate cortex and the putamen in females. A positive HA correlation was found in the right midbrain and the left cingulate gyrus in males, but in the bilateral basal ganglia in females. A negative RD correlation was observed in the right middle frontal and the left middle temporal gyri in males, while the correlation was found in the bilateral middle frontal gyri and the right basal ganglia and the superior temporal gyrus in females. Conclusion: These data demonstrate different cortical and subcortical metabolic correlates of temperament factors of personality between males and females. These results may help understand biological substrate of gender differences in personality and susceptibility to neuropsychiatric illnesses.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.40-51
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• 2012

Recently, many users discuss and argue with others using replying comments. This implies that a series of comments can be a new source of information since various opinions can be appeared in the dispute. It is important to understand the implicit dispute structure immanent in the comment set. In this paper, we examine the characteristics of disputes using replying comments in the Internet forum sites using a set of test articles with the comments collected from SketicalLeft and Agora, which are famous Internet forum sites in Korea. And we propose a new method for detecting and visualizing the dispute sections and relations from a large set of replying comments. To show the performance of our method, we measured precision, recall, and F-measure. According to the experimental results, the F-measures of the detection of the comments in dispute are about 0.84 (SketpcialLeft) and 0.83 (Agora); those of the detection of the commenter pairs in dispute are 0.75 (SketpcialLeft) and 0.82 (Agora), respectively. Since our method exploits the temporal order of commenters to detect the disputes, it is not dependent on the host language nor on the typos in comments. Also, our method can help the readers to grasp the structure of controversy hidden in the comment set through the visualized view.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system methylphenidate on changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods: A total of 26 children with ADHD (21 boys, mean age: $9.2{\pm}2.05$ years old) were recruited. Each ADHD participant was examined for changes in rCBF using technetium-99m-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime brain SPECT before and after 8 weeks methylphenidate medication. Brain SPECT images of pediatric normal controls were selected retrospectively. SPECT images of ADHD children taken before medication were compared with those of pediatric normal controls and those taken after medication using statistical parametric mapping analysis on a voxel-wise basis. Results: Before methylphenidate medication, significantly decreased rCBF in the cerebellum and increased rCBF in the right precuneus, left anterior cingulate, right postcentral gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule and right precentral gyrus were observed in ADHD children compared to pediatric normal controls (p-value<.0005, uncorrected). After medication, we observed significant hypoperfusion in the left thalamus and left cerebellum compared to pediatric normal controls (p-value<.0005, uncorrected). In the comparison between before medication and after medication, there was significant hyperperfusion in the superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus and significant hypoperfusion in the right insula, right caudate, right middle frontal gyrus, left subcallosal gyrus, left claustrum, and left superior temporal gyrus after methylphenidate medication (p-value<.0005, uncorrected). Conclusion: This study supports dysfunctions of fronto-striatal structures and cerebellum in ADHD. We suggest that methylphenidate may have some effects on the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and cerebellum in children with ADHD.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.102-112
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of chronic exposure by welders to manganese (Mn) through an analysis of the degree of brain activity in different activities such as cognition and motor activities using the neuroimaging technique of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The neurotoxic effect that Mn has on the brain was examined as well as changes in the neuro-network in motor areas, and the usefulness of fMRI was evaluated as a tool to determine changes in brain function from occupational exposure to Mn. Methods: A survey was carried out from July 2010 to October 2010 targeting by means of a questionnaire 160 workers from the shipbuilding and other manufacturing industries. Among them, 14 welders with more than ten years of job-related exposure to Mn were recruited on a voluntary basis as an exposure group, and 13 workers from other manufacturing industries with corresponding gender and age were recruited as a control group. A questionnaire survey, a blood test, and an fMRI test were carried out with the study group as target. Results: Of 27 fMRI targets, blood Mn concentration of the exposure group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.001), and Pallidal Index (PI) of the welder group was also significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.001). As a result of the survey, the score of the exposure group in self-awareness of abnormal nerve symptoms and abnormal musculoskeletal symptoms was higher than those of the control group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05, respectively). In the correlation between PI and the results of blood tests, the correlation coefficient with blood Mn concentration was 0.893, revealing a significant amount of correlation (p<0.001). As for brain activity area within the control group, the right and the left areas of the superior frontal cortex showed significant activity, and the right area of superior parietal cortex, the left area of occipital cortex and cerebellum showed significant activity. Unlike the control group, the exposure group showed significant activity selectively on the right area of premotor cortex, at the center of supplementary motor area, and on the left side of superior temporal cortex. In the comparison of brain activity areas between the two groups, the exposure group showed a significantly higher activation state than did the control group in such areas as the right and the left superior parietal cortex, superior temporal cortex, and cerebellum including superior frontal cortex and the right area of premotor cortex. However, in nowhere did the control group show a more activated area than did the exposure group. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to Mn increased brain activity during implementation of hand motor tasks. In an identical task, activation increased in the premotor cortex, superior temporal cortex, and supplementary motor area. It was also discovered that brain activity increase in the frontal area and occipital area was more pronounced in the exposure group than in the control group. This result suggests that chronic exposure to Mn in the work environment affects brain activation neuro-networks.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.22-25
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• 2014

Fibrous dysplasia(FD) is a benign fibro-ossifying disease in which fibrous tissue replaces normal bone and marrow. Craniofacial bones, including the maxilla and mandible, are commonly involved. A 7 year-old girl visited the clinic with a chief complaint of gingival swelling around the lower left primary molar. Mild bulging of the lower left periodontal tissue was observed. Not only the mandible, but also the maxilla, zygoma, sphenoid, and temporal bones were affected by FD. Permanent tooth germs were involved in the lesions and facial asymmetry was caused by lower left bone expansion. She was scheduled for a follow-up visit at the department of pediatric dentistry and oromaxillofacial surgery.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2005

The function of the masseter and anterior temporal muscles was assessed by electromyography in 30 patients with mandibular prognathism (20 patients with facial asymmetry and 10 patients without facial asymmetry) before orthognathic surgery and 4weeks afterwards. Electromyogram(EMG) recordings were made during resting, clenching and swallowing. We compared with right-left difference of this recording and asymmetry index before and after orthognathic surgery. The result of this study was as follows. 1. There was no significant right-left difference in muscle activities of masticatory muscles both asymmetric groups and controls and many variable change after orthognathic surgery.(P>0.05) 2. The mean electric activity of the masticatory muscles was found to have decreased during more clenching than resting, but there was no statistically significant difference because of individual difference of measuring values.(P>0.05) 3. The asymmetry index of masticatory muscles in asymmetric groups was significantly greater during clenching compared with controls.(P<0.05) In conclusion, no right-left difference of muscle activities was found in patients with facial asymmetry before orthognathic surgery and 4weeks afterwards. Not only muscular functioning but also many other factors, such as occlusion, temporomandibular joint disorder and trauma, probably affect facial asymmetry and will be analyzed in future studies. And we will need long term follow-up after orthognathic surgery.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02b
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• pp.815-819
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• 2006

가상현실에서 구현한 환경을 사용자가 실제처럼 느끼고 그 내용을 받아들이도록 하는 것은 중요한 목표이다. presence 는 "어떤 특정한 또는 이해할 수 있는 장소에 존재한다고 생각하는 인간의 지각" 상태를 나타낸다. 따라서 presence 는 가상환경에서 사용자가 얼마나 그 가상환경을 실제로느끼는지를 알 수 있는 중요한 파라미터 중 하나 이다. 또한 Presence 는 가상현실에서 경험하게 되는 여러가지 감각적인 정보들을 통하여 느끼는 종합적인 느낌을 반영하는 파라미터 이다. 따라서 같은 가상현실을 경험한다 할지라도 개인마다 느끼는 presence 는 차이가 있을 것이고 이러한 차이는 가상환경이 제공하는 정보의 차이에 대한 인식과 처리에 있어서도 영향을 미칠 것이다. 그러므로 이러한 차이는 관련된 뇌 영역의 활성화의 차이로 나타날 것이다. 가상현실 컨텐츠는 아바타를 통해서 정보를 전달하고 피험자가 그 내용을 바탕으로 생각해보는 내용으로 구성하였다. 아바타가 전달하는 내용은 명확하게 모든 정보를 알려주는 과제 와 중요한 정보를 생략하고 알려주는 과제 두 가지로 구성하였다. 그리고 피험자 개개인이 각각의 내용을 바탕으로 추론하는 동안 뇌 영역 활성화의 차이와 가상현실 경험 동안의 presence 점수와 관련된 뇌 영역을 알아보았다. 실험 결과 Right Lingual Gyrus (16, -95, 14), Left Lingual Gyrus (-15, -88, -16), Right Fusiform Gyrus (35, -81, -14), Right Lingual Gyrus (3, -67, 3), Left Inferior Temporal Gyrus (-43, -1, -36), Left Anterior Cingulate (0, -38, -10), Right Posterior Cingulate (2, -50, 10)에서 유의미한 상관 관계가 있었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.91-106
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• 1970

Two groups of left pulmonary-subclavian artery anastomosis were done in 26 adult mongorel dogs. For the first group. the distal end of the subclnvian artery was nnastomosed to the side of the left pulmonary artery, and for the second group, the subclavian end wns anastomosed to the proximal end of the left lower lobe pulmonary artery. Among them, 6 died of bleeding or anesthetic failure during the day of operation, 10 survived 1 to 106 days and the other 10 were sacrificed at various interval. To investigate the relationship between hemodynamic stress and temporal evolution of the pulmonary vascular lesions. the pulmona try and femoral artery pressures, arteriogram and pathohistological specimens were obtained. The following results were obtained. 1. The postoperative pulmonary artery pressures were within normal limits except 2 dogs in the first group, but in nil 12 dogs of the second group, they were in moderate to maked pulmonary hypertension level. 2 After subclavian pulmonary anastomosis, both groups dogs showed increased femond artery pulse pressure. 3. The pulmonary vascular changes were more severe and appeared earlier in the second group dogs compared with the first group.4. The earliest vascular changes appeared in the media of the small muscular arteries and arterioles. 5. Various vascular chaDges were produced in 2 or 3 months. Thereafter, the changes were stationary. 6. Among the first group, two long-term servivors (No. 705 & 713) which had normal pulmonary artery pressure under the anesthesia, also showed various vascular changes as other pulmonary hypertensive dogs. 7. In the early stage medial hypertrophy. interruptio~l of elastic lamellae were found in the small muscular arteries and arterioles, which were followed by intimal proliferation and thrombosis. These findings may suggest some evidences of trauma to the vessels. 8. Pulmonary arteriograms showed irregularity of the intima of the large and medium sized arteries, abrupt ending of some of the small arteries and narrowing of the anastomosis.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.114-124
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• 2019

Purpose: We investigate biases in the assessments of left ventricular function (LVF), by compressed sensing (CS)-cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Cardiovascular cine images with short axis view, were obtained for 8 volunteers without CS. LVFs were assessed with subsampled data, with compression factors (CF) of 2, 3, 4, and 8. A semi-automatic segmentation program was used, for the assessment. The assessments by 3 CS methods (ITSC, FOCUSS, and view sharing (VS)), were compared to those without CS. Bland-Altman analysis and paired t-test were used, for comparison. In addition, real-time CS-cine imaging was also performed, with CF of 2, 3, 4, and 8 for the same volunteers. Assessments of LVF were similarly made, for CS data. A fixed compensation technique is suggested, to reduce the bias. Results: The assessment of LVF by CS-cine, includes bias and random noise. Bias appeared much larger than random noise. Median of end-diastolic volume (EDV) with CS-cine (ITSC or FOCUSS) appeared -1.4% to -7.1% smaller, compared to that of standard cine, depending on CF from (2 to 8). End-systolic volume (ESV) appeared +1.6% to +14.3% larger, stroke volume (SV), -2.4% to -16.4% smaller, and ejection fraction (EF), -1.1% to -9.2% smaller, with P < 0.05. Bias was reduced from -5.6% to -1.8% for EF, by compensation applied to real-time CS-cine (CF = 8). Conclusion: Loss of temporal resolution by adopting missing data from nearby cardiac frames, causes an underestimation for EDV, and an overestimation for ESV, resulting in underestimations for SV and EF. The bias is not random. Thus it should be removed or reduced for better diagnosis. A fixed compensation is suggested, to reduce bias in the assessment of LVF.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.161-164
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• 2021

The foramen of Huschke (FH) or foramen tympanicum is a persistent bony defect connecting the external auditory canal (EAC) to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It arises from an incomplete ossification of the tympanic part of the temporal bone that persists after the age of 5. If a herniation exists in the TMJ, otological symptoms may occur. An 80-year-old female patient complained of noise in her left TMJ and otorrhea in her left ear. On her cone beam computed tomography images, there were only degenerative joint disease signs on her left mandibular condyle. However, her computed tomography images revealed that the soft tissue of the TMJ herniate into the EAC. Additional examination was planned for the further evaluation. But the patient no longer visited the hospital due to her systemic health status, and symptoms disappeared spontaneously without any treatments. Usually this type of herniation is very rare, but years of mechanical stress from mastication may result in weakening and widening of the foramen with age. Therefore, although FH is usually congenital, sometimes it may be acquired in the elderly. The treatment plan should be determined in consideration of the patient's symptom level and the patient's general health status. If the clinical symptoms are not severe, no treatment is required.