• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.473-491
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• 2002

This article analyzes mathematics education from dialectical materialism acknowledging the objectivity of knowledge. The thesis that knowledge is objective advances to the recognition that knowledge will be internalized, and an idea of zone of proximal development(ZPD) is established as a practice program of internalization. The lower side of ZPD, i.e. the early stage of internalization takes imitation in a large portion. And in the process of internalization the mediational means play an important role. Hereupon the role of mathematics teacher, the object of imitation, stands out significantly. In this article, treating the contents of study as follows, I make manifest that teaching and learning in mathematics classroom are united dialectically: I hope to findout the method of teaching-learning to mathematical knowledge from the point of view that mathematical knowledge is objective; I look into how analysis into units, as the analytical method of Vygotsky, has been developed from the side of mathematical teaching-learning; I discuss the significance of mediational means to play a key role in attaining the internalization in connection with ZPD and re-illuminate imitation. Based on them, I propose how the role of mathematics teachers, and the principle of organization to mathematics textbook should be.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.1055-1086
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• 2013

이 연구는 서로 다른 교과의 교사들로 이루어진 학습공동체 활동 중 아이디어 융합과정에서의 교역지대의 형성과 진화 양상을 알아보고, 교역지대 경험과정에서 느낀 어려움과 변화된 교사들의 인식을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구목적 달성을 위하여 남부권 소재 중학교의 교내 학습공동체인'STEAM 교사 연구회'소속 교사들에 대해 참여관찰, 심층면담 그리고 반성적 에세이 작성 및 검토가 이루어졌다. 연구 결과, 'STEAM 교사 연구회'소속 교사들은 융합형 교수-학습 계획안 작성이라는 아이디어 융합 과정에서 전문성 교환을 위하여 성공적으로 교역지대를 형성하였으며, 전교역지대, 엘리트 통제에 의한 교역지대, 경계대상이 있는 교역지대, 공유된 정신모형의 교역지대의 형태로 형성되고 진화된 것으로 나타났다. 세부적으로 살펴보면 전교역지대의 하위 단계로는'아이디어 융합의 당위성 확인',' 개인적 해석과정',' 모두가 공급자'가 나타났고, 엘리트 통제에 의한 교역지대에서 나타난 하위단계로'기여적 전문성의 등장'과 '제도적 힘의 불균형'이 있었으며, 경계대상이 있는 교역지대에서는 하위단계로'상호작용적 전문성의 등장','공약불가능 상태의 확인', '경계물 및 매개물을 통한 교집합 형성',' 중간언어 사용 및 의미협상을 통한 공약불가능의 극복노력'이 있었다. 마지막으로 '공유된 정신모형의 교역지대'에서는 하위단계로서 '교역지대 공간의 유지 노력'및'형성된 교역지대 공간의 확장시도'가 나타났다. 또한 교역지대 형성과정에서 교사들이 경험한 어려움들은'교과간의 문화와 견해 차이',' 융합동기의 결여',' 융합의 주도권과 융합을 위한 억지 요소 도입',' 용어의 불통'이 있었다. 그러나'STEAM 교사 연구회'교사들의 교역지대 경험 후'융합의 필요성에 대한 새로운 인식', '교사공동체 활동에 대한 긍정적 인식과 실천의지',' 타 교과 및 자신의 교수-학습에 대한 관점의 변화', '융합에 대한 막연한 공포감 해소와 자신감 획득'과 같은 인식의 전환을 경험할 수 있었다. 이 연구 결과 도출된 교역지대 모형은 교과 융합을 위한 자율적 교사 학습공동체 활동에 시사점을 줄 수 있다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2022

Linking Ukraine's education system with the trends of global digitalization is mandatory to ensure the sustainable, long-term development of the country, as well as to increase the sustainability of the education system and the economy as a whole during the crisis period. Now the main problems of the education system in Ukraine are manifested in a complex context caused by Russian armed aggression. In the context of war, problems include differences in adaptation to online learning among educational institutions, limited access to education for vulnerable groups in the zone of active hostilities, the lack of digital educational resources suitable for online learning, and the lack of basic digital skills and competencies among students and teachers necessary to properly conduct online classes. Some of the problems of online learning were solved in the pandemic, but in the context of war Ukrainian society needs a new vision of education and continuous efforts of all social structures in the public and private environment. In the context of war, concerted action is needed to keep education on track and restore it in active zones, adapting to the needs of a dynamic society and an increasingly digitized economy. Among the urgent needs of the education system are a change in the teaching-learning paradigm, which is based on content presentation, memorization, and reproduction, and the adoption of a new, hybrid educational model that will encourage the development of necessary skills and abilities for students and learners in a digitized society and enable citizens close to war zones to learn.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.685-697
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• 2003

The Web based multimedia programmes/courses are becoming widely available in recent years. Most of these courses focus on Behaviorist way of learning, which does not promote deep learning in any way. For Adults this approach further incapacitated, as it does not satisfy Andragogical needs. The search for Constructivist way of learning through the web applied to Indian conditions led to need for developing a curriculum development approach that would promote construction of knowledge through web based collaboration. This paper attempts to reengineer existing curriculum development processes and lays out a framework of‘Problem Based Online Learning (PBOL)’curriculum design. In this context, entire curriculum development life cycle is evolved and explained. This is a part of doctoral work (Ph.D), which is in progress and being undertaken by K.James Mathai, and guided of Dr.D.S.Karaulia.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.41-65
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• 2005

In this paper we make an experiment in order to test whether the teaching method with the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) developed by Vygotsky can be more effective and well applied in the middle school pratces. Based on this investigation, we conclude that ZPD help to efficiently enhance the study of students, in particular, the inferior student group. Moreover, if we divide the student by more precise stoups, the ZPD will be more effective on teaching and learning in middle school. Lastly, we arrive at the conclusion that a continuous teaching with ZPD will improve the student attitude positively in solving mathematical problem even it does not appeared apparently on this test.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.263-278
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• 1999

Computer with various powerful functions has profound potential for mathematics instruction and learning. As computer technology progress, its applicability to mathematics education become more comprehensive. Not only its functional development but various psychological positions also changed the way computer technology utilized in mathematics education. In behaviorist's perspective, computer viewed as a teaching machine and constructivist viewed computer as microworld where students could explore various mathematical contents. Both theoretical positions emphasized individual aspect of learning because behaviorist tried to individualize learning using computer and constructivist focused on the process of individual construction. But learning is not only a individual event but also a social event. Therefore we must take social aspect into account. This is especially important when it comes to computer based learning. So far, mathematics loaming with computer weighed individual aspect of loaming. Even in microworld environment, learning should be mediated by teacher and collaborative learning activities. In this aspect, the roles of teacher and peers are very important and socio-cultural perspective sheds light on the computer based learning. In socio-cultural perspective, the idea of scaffold is very important in learning and students gradually internalize the social dimension and scaffolding is gradually faded. And in the zone of proximal development, teacher and more competent peers guide students to formulate their own understanding. In sum, we must take following points into account. First of all, computer should not be viewed as a medium for individualized teaming. That is, interaction with computer should be catalyst for collaborative activities with peers. So, exploration in computer environment has to be followed by small group activities including small group discussion. Secondly, regardless of the role that computer would play, teacher should play a crucial role in computer based learning. This does not mean teacher should direct every steps in learning process. Teacher's intervention should help student construct actively. Thirdly, it is needed to conceptualize computer in learning situation as medium. This would affect learning situation and result in the change of pre-service and in-service teacher training. Computer to be used effectively in mathematics classroom, researches on assessment of computer based learning are needed.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.57-74
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• 2005

본 연구는 최근 여러 분야에서 관심이 되고 있는 Vygotsky의 근접발달영역 이론에 기초한 비계설정을 통한 수학 교수-학습 지도의 효과를 살펴보는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 Vygotsky의 근접발달영역 이론과 이를 근거로 학생들의 발달을 촉진하기 위한 비계설정 이론을 고찰하여 비계설정을 통한 수학 교수-학습과정을 개발한 후에, 이러한 과정에 따라 초등학교 5학년 학생들을 대상으로 분수 내용을 지도한 후에 수업 과정을 분석하고, 학생들의 수학 학습 능력과 수학적 태도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 그 결과 교사에 의한 비계설정은 학습 효과를 높일 뿐만 아니라 학생과 학생 사이의 비계설정으로 전이되며, 학생들의 수학 학습 능력을 향상시키는 데 효과적이며, 수학적 태도를 긍정적으로 변화 시킴을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2020

This study evaluated the importance between the major indicators of living SOC in small and medium cities. AHP layer analysis was performed on a group of experts and their importance and priorities were evaluated. The results of the assessment are as follows: First, the village(walking) living zone was considered relatively more important than the local hub(vehicle) living zone. Second, the importance of health care in the local hub(vehicle) living area was assessed to be the most important in the comprehensive evaluation. Third, medical care, care, education and convenience in the village(walking) living area were ranked second, third, fourth and fifth, respectively. Fourth, the relative importance of physical education, learning, physical education, learning, relaxation, culture and village(walking) living areas in the local hub(vehicle) living areas were valued low. It is necessary to seek living SOC policies and directions in consideration of the special nature of urban social structure in small and medium-sized cities in Korea.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2021

Purpose: This study is to present basic data on the Architectural planning of the college of medicine by arranging the functional zoning planning, functional unit planning, and circulation planning, based on the diversification of medical education and the changes of Learning spaces. Methods: This study was conducted by literature review on existing medical education method and learning space planning. And then on-site surveys and questionnaire were conducted on existing facilities. Results: The diversification of medical education has already been progressing for a long time, and the development of information technology is integrated into the learning space, and the evolution of the learning method and the flexibility of the learning space give effect to the change of the learning space. ① This study reconstructed the existing classification method of university facilities into the fuctional zoning method that combines the architectural concept of function and movement. ② The functions and functional units of the college of medicine according to the proposed functional zone were arranged, and the space required for the medical college was suggested. ③ The function and type of movement of medical college can be classified into professor/student fusion type, teaching and research separation type, and learning and learning shared space integrated arrangement type. In the future, it is necessary to consider fusion type or integrated arrangement type rather than separation type. Implications: the evolution of the learning method and the flexibility of the learning space give effect to the change of the learning space.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2021

This study is aimed at presenting an efficient management plan of user participatory design in a situation where the School Space Innovation Project is in progress. 2 schools that were the targets of the Incheon School Space Innovation Project in 2019 were selected for this, and features such as the physical environment of that classroom, classroom usage plan, and the stepwise outcome of the user participatory design workshop were contemplated. Especially the workshop outcome was compared and analyzed quantitatively, focusing on the actual master plan and zoning plan, in order to identify the feature that opinions of various users are reflected on the actual plan. As a result, the following conclusion could be reached. Firstly, it was confirmed that the expression about the user preferential space influences the classroom usage plan of that classroom. Vague expressions about the whole space held a large majority of the objects for the linguistic expression of the preferential space. The expression mode as limited as the expression of the actions that users want to carry out in the space. On the other hand, when the usage purpose of the classroom was definite, it was confirmed that the demand for furniture·facility is relatively high. Secondly, according to the analysis of zoning for each function, it seems that the stereotype, which is arranged on the basis of the chalkboard at the front of existing classrooms, was applied in the case of the learning zone. However, in cases of other functions, a tendency was identified that the user carries out an image description that reflects the physical features of the space. Sufficient preparation will need to precede for the efficient management of the user participatory design workshop and the acceptance of various opinions. It seems that especially the classroom usage plan, number of workshops, consultation of each step, and the education about the space expression mode affect the master plan.