• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.852-857
• /
• 1998

Three kinds of kimchi using Chinese cabbage, leafy radish and mustard leaf were prepared by conventional method and stored at 5$^{\circ}C$ or 2$0^{\circ}C$ for 13 dyas. During storage at both temperatures, changes of the amounts of salt and ascorbic acid, pH and total acidity were determined, and the relationship of the decomposition of chlorophylls with the production of their derivaties was studied. At both storage temperatures, salt concentration of Chinese cabbage kimchi(3.7%), leafy radish kimchi(3.6%), mustard leaf kimchi(3.5%) was relatively constant during the entire storage period. However, pH and total acidity wre fluctuating with the remarkable changes during 3 days of storage. Ascorbic acid content was slowly decreased during the storage period and the decompositin rate of ascorbic and was greater at 2$0^{\circ}C$ than 5$^{\circ}C$. Among the kinds of kimchi tested, mustard leaf kimchi with the slow decomposition rate of ascorbic acid contained relatively high ascorbic acid content, while leafy radish kimchi contained the lowest content. At both storage temperatures, the production of pheophytin and pheophorbide from decomposition of chlorophyll was least in mustard leaf kimchi, but similar production rates in leafy radish and Chinese cabbage kimchi were observed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.245-252
• /
• 2005

The objective of the present work was to determine the corresponding uptake and assimilation of ${NO_3}^-$ in roots and shoots of leafy radish by applying of mixed amino acids (MAA). The amino acids used in this experiment were alanine (Ala), ${\beta}-alanine\;({\beta}-Ala)$, aspartic acid (Asp), asparagines (Asn), glutamic acid (Glu), glutamine (Gln), and glycine (Gly). Leafy radish was grown by conventional fertilization with macro- and micronutrients under controlled conditions. The 15-day-old seedlings were treated 0, 0.3 and 3.0 mM of MAA containing 5 mM ${NO_3}^-$ in growth medium. Nitrate uptake was determined by following ${NO_3}^-$ depletion from the uptake solution. The activity of the enzymes related to the process of ${NO_3}^-$ reduction (NR: nitrate reductase; NiR: nitrite reductase; GS: glutamine synthetase) and the content of ${NO_2}^-\;and\;{ND_3}^-$ were analyzed in shoots and roots. The results of this study showed that ${NO_3}^-$ uptake was inhibited 38% with treatment of 0.3 mM of MAA. However, there was more than three times increase of N03- uptake in 3.0 mM MAA. In addition, the enzymatic activities were positively affected by the high MAA rate. Finally, the ${NO_3}^-$ content was increased slightly both in shoots and roots of leafy radish by MAA treatments.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.280-287
• /
• 2004

We investigated the residual amounts of endosulfan and procymidone taken by vegetables grown in hydroponics culture and field conditions treated with the pesticides in order to evaluate safe cultivation concentration of the pesticides in the vegetables. Endosulfan and procymidone were selected as test pesticides because they have been reported to frequently detect in agricultural products at different concentrations. In hydroponic culture, by Chinese cabbage, procymidone was absorbed 3.8 times higher than endosulfan. The higher the pesticide concentration get, the worse the plant grew. In soil treated with 10 mg/kg of endosulfan, the pesticide absorbed by Leafy radish, Chinese cabbage and radish was less then their MRLs. In case of carlot, the residue level in soil which did not exceed its MRL was 1 mg/kg. The concentrations of procymidone in soil which did not exceed the MRLs in Leafy radish, Chinese cabbage, radish and carrot were 10, 10, 2 and 1 mg/kg, respectively Usually aged endosulfan and procymidone residues were less absorbed into crops than the fresh ones. Chinese cabbage absorbed more endosulfan and pocymidone than leafy radish, radish doing more than carrot.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.397-405
• /
• 2022

Castor oil cake is widely used as a raw material for organic fertilizers (OF) in Korea. Compared to other fertilizer raw materials, it is highly dependent on imports. In terms of replacing raw materials, dehydrated food waste powder (FDP) and castor oil cake have similar nutritional content, and if 30% is replaced, about 20% of the raw material cost can be saved. However, few studies on the effects on crop growth and soil properties when organic fertilizer and dry food waste powder are mixed and applied to the soil have been reported. The effects of an organic fertilizer made by mixing the commercial available organic fertilizer with dehydrated food waste (OF + FDP) on soil properties and the growth of two types of leafy vegetables (lettuce and young radish) were evaluated and compared with the performance of OF. The fresh weights of lettuce and young radish were the highest with OF amendment and stood at 114.3 and 119.0 g·plant^-1, respectively. These were followed by OF + FDP amendment, which produced 103.1 and 109.6 g·plant^-1, respectively. Compared to the control, OF and OF + FDP increased the lettuce fresh weights by about 69% and 52%, respectively, while the fresh weights of the radish were increased by about 223% and 207%, respectively. The soil pH, EC, total carbon content, and organic matter content in OF and OF + FDP increased. The mixture of dehydrated food waste powder and organic fertilizers is expected to improve soil quality and facilitate stable production of crops and contribute to the substitution of imported organic fertilizer raw materials.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.609-617
• /
• 2021

Background and objective: The nanobubbles remain stable in water, and it increased dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water that promotes the seed germination and the plant growth. We evaluated the seed germination and growth of sprouts (radish, wheat, and barley) and leafy vegetables (red mustard and pak choi) when irrigated with various DO of nanobubble water (NB). Methods: The oxygen NB was generated by surface friction and treated in 4 levels: NB 0% (control, DO 9.21 mg·L^-1), NB 20% (DO 15.40 mg·L^-1), NB 33% (DO 20.93 mg·L^-1), and NB 100% (DO 39.29 mg·L^-1). Results: The root length of radish and wheat increased more in NB 33% than the control plot. The fresh weight increased in NB 33% compared to the control plot in radish and wheat, and both fresh and dry weight increased more in NB 20%, NB 33%, and NB 100% than the control plot of barley. The leaf length and width of red mustard decreased more in NB 33% and NB 100% than the control plot and NB 20%, which indicated the leaf compactness. The fresh and dry weight of shoot and root increased more in NB 100% than the control plot in red mustard. In pak choi, the shoot fresh weight increased more in NB 100% than the control plot. In leafy vegetables, the germination rate of red mustard in NB 100% was higher than the control plot, however, it was not significantly different between oxygen NB plots in sprout vegetables. Conclusion: The results showed that the root growth and biomass increased after applying NB 33% in sprout vegetables. The leaf growth properties as the number of leaves and leaf size were not significantly different or decreased in NB treatments compared to control plots, but NB 100% (DO 39.29 mg·L^-1) effectively increased the root growth and plant biomass in leafy vegetables.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.326-331
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of row cover materials supported by flexible FRP frames with three kinds of non-woven fabric, and five kinds of net in leaf vegetable cultivation. Leaf radish (Raphanus sativus L.), Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) were sown on May 21, 2003, and leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was planted at the same date in Agricultural Research Center for Climate Change, Jeju, Korea. Net coverings showed higher light transmittance than in non-woven fabric coverings. The average air and soil temperatures increased by $0.3{\sim}1.0^{\circ}C$ in net coverings and $0.5{\sim}3.0^{\circ}C$ in non-woven fabric coverings, respectively. There was no difference in relative humidity among the covering materials. All the vegetables showed higher growths and yields in non-woven coverings than in non-covering. The yields increased 81% in leaf lettuce, 58% in leaf radish, and 93% in Chinese cabbage, respectively. In addition, the insect damages were considerably reduced in the row covering plots than in the control, especially in non-woven fabric coverings.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.321-327
• /
• 1997

The antimutagenic effects of juices and methanol extracts from cruciferous vegetables (cabbage, red cabbage, Korean cabbage, kale, cauliflower, broccoli, radish root, leafy radish, rape leaves and shepherd's purse) on the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B1(AFB1) and N-methyl-N'-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) were studied using Salmonella assay system. In the case of juices from the cruciferous vegetables, the juices of cabbage, kale, cauliflower and radish root in the concentrations of 50, 200 and 500 ${mu}ell$/plate considerably decreased the mutagenicity induced by AFB1, and the juices of cabbage and broccoli in the concentrations of 200 and 500${mu}ell$/plate significantly reduced the mutagenicity induced by MNNG. The antimutagenic activities of the juices against AFB1 were stronger than those against MNNG. In the case of methanol extracts from the cruciferous vegetables, the methanol extracts of kale, broccoli and shepherd'purse appeared to inhibit the mutagenicity induced by AFB1 and MNNG in Salmonella typhimurium test strains. The effects of the juices against mutagens quite different from ones of the methanol extracts. The juice of cabbage showed antimutagenicity, but its methanol extract was less effective. However, both juices and methanol extracts from kale and broccoli exhibited strong antimutagenic activities against the mutagens.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.831-843
• /
• 2020

This study investigated the potential for using vegetable powders as a natural replacement for sodium nitrite and their effects on the physicochemical characteristics of alternatively cured pork products. We analyzed pork products subjected to four treatments: control (0.015% sodium nitrite), Chinese cabbabe powder (CCP) treatment (0.4% Chinese cabbage powder), radish powder (RP) treatment (0.4% radish powder), and spinach powder (SP) treatment (0.4% spinach powder). Among the vegetable powders prepared in this study, SP had the highest (p<0.05) nitrate content, while CCP had the lowest (p<0.05). The cooking yields from these treatments were not significantly different from each other. However, the products with vegetable powders had higher (p<0.05) pH and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values than the control. Pork products with vegetable powders also showed lower CIE L^⁎ values and higher CIE b^⁎ values than the nitrite-added control. RP treatment had similar (p>0.05) CIE a^⁎ values to the control, while SP treatment had the lowest (p<0.05) CIE a^⁎ values. The residual nitrite content was lower (p<0.05) in the vegetable powder added pork products than in the control, although nitrosyl hemochrome and total pigment contents in the CCP and RP treatments were similar (p>0.05) to those in the control. The control, CCP, and RP treatments showed curing efficiencies greater than 80%, indicating that CCP and RP would be promising potential replacements for sodium nitrite. The results of this study suggest that RP may be a suitable natural replacement for sodium nitrite to produce alternatively cured meat products, compared to other leafy vegetable powders.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.218-221
• /
• 2013

Korean cabbage, a member of the Brassicaceae family which also includes cauliflower, mustard, radish, and turnip plants, is a crucial leafy vegetable crop. Korean cabbage is harvested after completion of the leaf heading process and is often prepared for use in "baechu kimchi", a traditional Korean food. Many of the components in Korean cabbage are essential for proper human nutrition; these components can be divided into two groups: primary metabolites, which include carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, and organic acids, and secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, carotenoids, sterols, phenolic acids, alkaloids, and glucosinolates (GSLs). Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, this study examined the variety of volatile compounds (including isothiocyanates) contained in Korean cabbage and its seed, which resulted in the identification of 16 and 12 volatile compounds, respectively. The primary volatile compound found in the cabbage was ethyl linoleolate (~23%), while 4,5-epithiovaleronitrile (~46%) was the primary volatile component in the seed.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.364-375
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the pesticide efficacy and crop safety among different leafy vegetables applied with foliar spraying under greenhouse and to check extrapolating from some trial data to other minor crops. Leafy vegetables used in this study were: lettuce (Lactuca sativar), leaf broccoli (Brassica oleracea.), chicory (Cichorium intybus.), chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. pekinensis), radish (Raphanus sativus), rape (Brassica napus), crown daisy (Chrysanthemum coronarium), edible burdock (Arctium lappa), endive (Cichorium endivia) and mustard greens (Brassica jumcea). Based on the result of control efficacy, all crops were classified into the groups. The results showed the probabilities of extrapolating the control value data of minor crop within the same group. It would be possible to use the pesticides which are already been registered for similar crops to those crops have no registered pesticides.