• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 1996

In order to clarify effect of transplanting angle of seedling on shape and growth of ginseng root, ginseng of seedlings were transplanted with $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ respectively, and the root characters of 2-, 4- and 6-year-old ginseng were investigated. The length of main root with 45$^{\circ}$was above 7 cm (standard) but that of $60^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ was below 7 cm (standard). Number of good lateral root was above 2.3 ea for $45^{\circ}$, 0~$30^{\circ}$, but below 2.3 ea per plant for 60~$90^{\circ}$ respectively. Root fresh weight with $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ was heavier than that with $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$. Root disease infection rate was highest with $0^{\circ}$. There were, no significant difference in stem length, stem diameter, leaf area, comber of palmate leaves and leaflets per plant, ratio of missing plant, root diameter in 2-, 4- and 6-year-old ginseng.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.99-106
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• 1990

With two-class-based storage assignment policy and dual command cycle in Automated Storage/Retrieval Systems(AS/RS), the problem of determining the region dedicated for class-one item is considered. First, the expected travel time of the S/R machine is derived when the boundary of the class-one region is square. Secondly, a heuristic procedure is proposed which determines sequentially the class-one region in a discrete rack. An application of the procedure generates leaf shape region which confirms that the L-shape partition is not necessarily optimal.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.243-247
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• 2003

콩의 입중에 따른 이상초형(ideal type)의 개발을 위해 광합성호율이 높은 안전 다수성 콩 품종육성의 엽형 모델을 찾고자 엽형 및 입중에 따른 잎기능에 관련된 몇 가지 주요특성 및 $\textrm{CO}_2$ 이용효율과의 관계를 조사했는데, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 대두 단엽의 $\textrm{CO}_2$ 동화량은 소립품종에서 장엽형 잎을 가진 품종이 19.66 $\mu\textrm{molm}^{-2}\textrm{s}^{-1}$로서 환엽형 잎을 가진 품종(18.29 $\mu\textrm{molm}^{-2}\textrm{s}^{-1}$)보다 높은 경향이었으며, 대립품종에서는 환엽형 잎을 가진 품종이 19.17 $\mu\textrm{molm}^{-2}\textrm{s}^{-1}$로서 장엽형품종(17.45 $\mu\textrm{molm}^{-2}\textrm{s}^{-1}$)보다 높았다. 2. 기공전도도가 0.12-0.13범위에서는 주로 대립, 장엽형 품종이 분포하고 있었으며 $\textrm{CO}_2$ 동화량은 17-18 $\mu\textrm{molm}^{-2}\textrm{s}^{-1}$정도로 낮았고, 0.14-0.15범위에서는 소립, 장엽형 품종들이 분포하였는데 $\textrm{CO}_2$ 동화량은 19-20 $\mu\textrm{molm}^{-2}\textrm{s}^{-1}$로서 높았다. 3. $\textrm{CO}_2$ 동화량에 영향을 미치는 전자생성량은 대립, 환엽형 잎을 가진 품종들이 0.82-0.83으로 가장 적었으나 $\textrm{CO}_2$ 동화량은 18-20 $\mu\textrm{molm}^{-2}\textrm{s}^{-1}$로서 높았다. 4. 주당 $\textrm{CO}_2$ 흡수량은 나물콩에서는 장엽형 품종이 68.5ppm으로 환엽형(46.5 ppm)보다 크게 높았으며 장류콩에서는 환엽형이 70.1 ppm으로서 장엽형(63.1 ppm) 보다 약간 높았다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.86-89
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• 2010

2007년부터 2009년까지 3년동안 진주시 정촌면 예하리 강주연못 주위 꽃길 전시포에 재배되고 있는 둥글레 잎에서 갈색점무늬 증상이 심하게 발생하였다. 병징은 붉은색의 작은 점무늬 병반이 생기고 진전될 경우 담갈색 또는 검은 갈색의 2~8 mm 정도 크기의 타원형 또는 부정형의 병반을 형성하고 심하게 발생할 경우 잎이 시들고 말라 죽었다. 병반부위나 PDA배지 표면에 검은색의 작은 분생포자각이 형성되었다. 균사생육 적온은 $20\sim25^{\circ}C$이었다. 병포자의 모양은 구형 또는 아구형으로 무색이며 크기는 $10\sim18{\times}5\sim12{\mu}m$이었고 부속사가 부착되어 있으며, 크기는 $4\sim15{\mu}m$이었다. 분생포자각의 모양은 구형으로 검은색이며 크기는 $60\sim162{\times}70\sim174{\mu}m$이었다. 지금까지 둥글레에 발생한 병징과 병원균의 균학적 특징 및 병원성을 검정한 결과, 이 병을 phyllostieta crurnta (Kunze:Fries) Kickx에 의한 풍굴레 갈색점무늬병으로 명명 하고자 제안한다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.64-64
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• 2019

Screening and identification of genetic resources based on their phytoconstituents and morphological characters potentially provide baseline data for researchers, breeders, and nutraceutical companies who wish to formulate a nutrient-dense diet and health beneficial supplement. Thus, we evaluated the amount of total phenolic content and major phenolic compounds; examined if phenolic compounds could be used as distinguishing factors for perilla genetic resources; and investigated the relation between some quantitative and qualitative morphological characters with the contents of phenolic compounds in 360 accessions obtained from National Agrobiodiversity Center gene bank, Jeonju, Korea. Total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay. Individual phenolic compounds were determined using an Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography system equipped with Photodiode Array detector. Considerable variations were observed in TPC (7.99 to 117.47 mg GAE/g DE), rosmarinic acid (RA) (ND to 19.19 mg/g DE), caffeic acid (CA) (ND to 0.72 mg/g DE), apigenin-7-O-diglucuronide (ADG) (ND to 1.24 mg luteolin equivalent (LUE)/g DE), scutellarein-7-O-glucuronide (SG) (ND to 4.32 mg LUE/g DE), and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide (AG) (ND to 1.60 mg LUE/g DE). RA was the most dominant phenolic compound in most accessions (95.3%) followed by SG. The adaxial leaf color was light green, green and dark green in 13.8%, 65.0%, and 21.1 % of the accessions, respectively. 78.8% of the accessions had light green color at the abaxial side with the remaining being described as green. Most of the accessions (96.9%) were cordate shape, the remaining being eclipse. Intensities of green pigment at abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces were correlated with contents of individual phenolic compounds and TPC whereas leaf length and width had no correlation with TPC, CA and RA, and negatively correlated with ADG, AG, and SG. Leaf shape was not related with content of phenolic compounds, color of leaves, or the length or width of leaves. Accessions IT57426, IT157434, IT267710, and IT267712 which contained relatively high contents of TPC and major phenolic compounds (RA and SG) could be used for further research in breeding and bioassay test. Our study result showed the contents of total phenolics and individual phenolic compounds along with the morphological characters could be useful distinguishing factors for perilla genetic resources.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.300-311
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• 2014

환경의 변화에 따라 급속도로 변화하는 생태계에 대한 체계적인 연구를 위해 식물의 정보를 수집 분석하기 위한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 특히, 스마트 기기의 카메라를 이용하여 언제 어디서나 사용자가 원하는 식물의 종류를 검색할 수 있는 기술에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 논문은 식물 인식 및 생태계 분석을 위해 다양한 식물의 잎을 종류별로 분석할 수 있는 방법에 대해 제안한다. 이를 위해, 카메라부터 입력된 식물 잎 사진의 관심 영역을 GrabCut을 통해 배경과 분리한 후, 형태 기술자 추출 방법인 SIFT(Scale-Invariant Feature Transform), HOG(Histogram of Oriented Gradient)를 이용하여 형태 기술자를 추출하고, 이것을 부호화 기법 및 공간 피라미드 방법을 이용한 분류 특징 벡터를 만든다. SVM(Support Vector Machine)을 통한 식물 잎 분류 및 인식한다. 다양한 식물 잎에 대한 실험 결과를 통해 비슷한 색상이나 형태를 가지고 있더라도 방향성 특징 기술자를 활용한 식물 잎 분류 방법이 매우 효율적임을 알 수 있다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.149-160
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• 2014

Plant breeders have focused on improving plant architecture as an effective means to increase crop yield. Here, we identify the main-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for plant shape-related traits in rice (Oryza sativa) and find candidate genes by applying whole genome re-sequencing of two parental cultivars using next-generation sequencing. To identify QTLs influencing plant shape, we analyzed six traits: plant height, tiller number, panicle diameter, panicle length, flag leaf length, and flag leaf width. We performed QTL analysis with 178 $F_7$ recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross of japonica rice line 'SNU-SG1' and indica rice line 'Milyang23'. Using 131 molecular markers, including 28 insertion/deletion markers, we identified 11 main- and 16 minor-effect QTLs for the six traits with a threshold LOD value > 2.8. Our sequence analysis identified fifty-four candidate genes for the main-effect QTLs. By further comparison of coding sequences and meta-expression profiles between japonica and indica rice varieties, we finally chose 15 strong candidate genes for the 11 main-effect QTLs. Our study shows that the whole-genome sequence data substantially enhanced the efficiency of polymorphic marker development for QTL fine-mapping and the identification of possible candidate genes. This yields useful genetic resources for breeding high-yielding rice cultivars with improved plant architecture.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 1998

An investigation was conducted to ascertain the basic information on characteristics of growth and morphological characters among the Korean (Panax. ginseng), the American (Panax. quinquefolium) and the Bamboo (Panax. japonicus) ginseng. In aerial parts growth of the ginseng species by age, The Korean ginseng and American ginseng's stem and leaf growth was alike in 2-4 years old, but growth cycle changed in 6 years old. The Korean ginseng was more vigorous than the American ginseng. The Korean ginseng roots were highly observed in ratio of red skin roots among three species, whereas The American ginseng roots were highly infected by root rot. It seems to be variable depending on growing stage and species. The Korean ginseng flowered about the middle of May, the American ginseng early June, and the Bamboo ginseng was late of May, The berry color of the ginseng species was observed, The Korean and American ginseng's mature berry color was red, The Bamboo ginseng's berry was three type of color and shape. In root characteristics of the seedling, Korean (p. ginseng), American (p. quinquefolium) ginseng's root shape was similarity in type, the bamboo ginseng showed different type, which root length and root weight was smaller than those of ginseng. In morphological characters of Leaf surface, pollen, and stoma, the Korean ginseng and American ginseng had crystal rosette on epidermis cell, but the Bamboo ginseng didn't has crystal rosette. Pollen shape observed tricolpate pollen and size was media type among the ginseng species, and also guard cell was anomocytic type, which were observed by scanning electronic microscope.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2011

It has been shown in the literature that active adjustment of the intake area of a jet engine has potential to improve its fuel efficiency. This paper presents the design and control of a novel proof-of-concept active jet engine intake using Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti or Nitinol) shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuators. The Nitinol SMA material is used in this research due to its advantages of high power-to-weight ratio and electrical resistive actuation. The Nitinol SMA material can be fabricated into a variety of shapes, such as strips, foils, rods and wires. In this paper, SMA wires are used due to its ability to generate a large strain: up to 6% for repeated operations. The proposed proof-of-concept engine intake employs overlapping leaves in a concentric configuration. Each leaf is mounted on a supporting bar than can rotate. The supporting bars are actuated by an SMA wire actuator in a ring configuration. Electrical resistive heating is used to actuate the SMA wire actuator and rotate the supporting bars. To enable feedback control, a laser range sensor is used to detect the movement of a leaf and therefore the radius of the intake area. Due to the hysteresis, an inherent nonlinear phenomenon associated with SMAs, a nonlinear robust controller is used to control the SMA actuators. The control design uses the sliding-mode approach and can compensate the nonlinearities associated with the SMA actuator. A proof-of-concept model is fabricated and its feedback control experiments show that the intake area can be precisely controlled using the SMA wire actuator and has the ability to reduce the area up to 25%. The experiments demonstrate the feasibility of engine intake area control using an SMA wire actuator under the proposed design.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2000

홍화의 새로운 품종육성을 위하여 국내외에서 수집된 홍화의 외관상 나타나는 형태적인 특성을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수집된 홍화의 16계통중 단간(90∼110cm)인것이 6계통, 중간(111∼130cm)인 것은 5계통, 장간(131cm이상)인것은 5계통이었으며 장간은 국외 도입계통이었다. 2. 국내 수집 종 2계통은 주당 분지수가 11∼13개의 소분지형이었으며 도입종들은 50개이상의 다분 지형이었다. 3. 잎의 형태는 장타원형이 3계통, 피침형이 10계통, 넓은 선상형은 3계통으로 피침형이 가장 많았으며 잎의 가장자리 거치형태는 파도 물결 모양의 둔거치가 7계통으로 가장 많았고 4계통은 거치가 있었으며 깊게 찢어진 심열거치는 5계통이었다. 4.꽃의 색깔은 백색 1계통, 황색 13계통, 주황색 2계통이었으며 두장화의 형태는 원뿔형이 대부분이며(14계통)편형이 2계통이었고 화두 포엽의 끝은 가시형이 11계통이었고 무가시형은 5계통이었다. 5. 종자의 형태는 원뿔형이 11계통, 타원형은 5계통으로 국내 수집계통은 모두 원뿔형이었으며 도입계통은 타원형으로 대립이었다.