• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 2003

The leaf segments of garlic (Allium sativum L.) were cultured in vitro and determined optimal concentration of plant growth regulators and sugars for callus induction, multiple shoots regeneration and in vitro bulblet formation. Highest yield of callus was observed in the leaf segment culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 30 g/L sucrose and 8 g/L agar. Regeneration rate of multiple shoots from callus was high in the MS medium supplemented with kinetin 3.0 + NAA 3.0 mg/L or SA 1.0 + NAA 3.0 mg/L, containing 30 g/L sucrose. High rate of bulblet formation was observed as the concentration of jasmonic acid increased from 0.5 to 2.0 mg/L in medium, whereas addition of gibberellic acid significantly suppressed bulblet formation. The rate of in vitro bulbing was as high as $96\%$ in MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L jasmonic acid and 120 g/l sucrose after two month culture at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ under 16 hours day light.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2000

In order to study the role of polyamines on the formation of adventitious roots, trichomes and calli, the effects of putrescine, spermidine, spermine, cyclohexylamine (CHA) and methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) were investigated in the leaf segment cultures from ecotype Columbia of Arabidopsis thaliana. When the leaf segments were cultured on the media for forming adventitious roots (0.1 mg/L NAA), trichomes (2.0 mg/L NAA) and calli (10.0 mg/L NAA), and then each cultures was treated with 1-100 mg/L of putrescine, spermidine and spermine, respectively. On the adventitious root-forming medium treated with polyamines the trichomes were induced with adventitious roots. And on the trichome-forming medium with polyamines calli were induced with trichomes. In orther hand each cultures was treated with 1-100 mg/L of CHA and MGBG, respectively. CHA promoted adventitious roots on the medium for adventitious roots, was not effected on media for trichomes and calli. MGBG inhibited adventitious roots, trichomes and calli in all cultures, and induced adventitious roots on medium for trichomes in high concentration.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 1987

To examine the morphogenetic response, stem segments of 8 Populus spp. and 3 different explants of P. nigra var. italica were cultured on MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) and WPM (Woody Plant Medium) medium containing various phytohormones. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Shoot regeneration and development from stem segment of 8 Populus spp. showed a quite difference according to the section and the species. All of the species of Leuce and Tacamahaca section did not form adventitious buds, while most of explants showed axillary or dormant bud elongation after 4 weeks. But P. nigra var. italica of Aigeiros section showed a successful adventitious bud formation (mean 5.4 buds per explant). 2. Leaf, petiole, and internode segment of P. nigra var. italica showed a quite differences according to media and ex plants upon the morphogenetic response. Adventitious bud formation from leaf was more abundant and readily initiated on the abaxial side than on the adaxial side. Mean number of 103 adventitious buds per explant was obtained from abaxial side of leaf segment cultured on WPM medium containing $0.2mg/{\ell}$ BAP for 5 weeks. 3. 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) supplemented to media appeared to be negative upon the adventitious bud formation of P. nigra var. italica, while it promoted callus formation from all explants. Especially, NAA (${\alpha}$-naphtalene acetic acid) or NAA combination with BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) promoted root regeneration from the all explant of P. nigra var. italica in this study.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.289-293
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• 1997

The effects of plant regulators on direct somatic embryogenesis in liquid culture of Rehmannia glutinosa were investigated and the proper explant for direct somatic embryo formation was studied. Direct somatic embryos were induced from leaf segments culture in the MS liquid medium containing 0.5 mg/l of both IAA and NAA, while IBA of 1.0 mg/l was required for the same effect. Many somatic embryos were directly formed at the concentration of 2.0 mg/l cytokinin such as BA, kinetin and zeatin, but somatic embryogenesis was relatively poor at above or below this level. Relatively more somatic embryos were induced in the combination of 1.0mg/l IAA and 2.0mg/l zeatin. Formation of somatic embryos begun after 6 weeks on stem segments, while 7 weeks both on petiole and leaf. However, overall production of somatic embryos after 8 weeks was higher in leaf segment than that of stem segment.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.329-333
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• 2001

Callus and shoot formation from medicinal crop, Lycium chinense Mill. cv. 'Cheongyang', as influenced by various media, explant sources and plant growth regulators were investigated. The rate of shoots formation, number of shoots, and fresh weight of shoots were the best on MS medium followed by B$_{5}$, WPH, and SH. Callus induction was more effective in leaf than internode segments, and was the best on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L NAA with 0.2 mg/L BA. Effects of plant growth regulators in shoot formation were more effective in BA than TDA combined with NAA. Shoot formation from callus induced in leaf and internode segments was the best on MS medium containing 0.01 mg/L NAA with 0.2 mg/L BA.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2005

Callus induction from a leaf explant has been achieved in Lilium Oriental hybrid 'Casa Blanca'. The highest frequency of callus induction was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BA and 2.0 mg/L NAA after 2 months of culture. The cultures maintained continuously without change in color and type of callus when they cultured in the dark. Plantlet regeneration with a high frequency was achieved from induced calli on the same medium. A number of shoots are formed from one cluster of callus, and bulblets developed into intact plantlets after transfer to hormone-free MS medium. No phenotypic variations were observed among regenerants. Enhancement in plantlet regeneration via callus formation would be expected to facilitate the efficiency of transformation of this Oriental hybrid 'Casa Blanca'.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.76-76
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• 2005

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.286-292
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• 2005

Shoot induction system was developed in the recalcitrant plant species, Brassica rapa ssp. rapifera by using optimum selection of profit organ, phytohormone combination, seedling age and kind of culture container. Out of in vitro cultured leaf segment, petiole, hypocotyl, and cotyledon with petiole, only cotyledon with petiole derived from 4 day-old seedlings induced multiple shoot. The optimum combination of auxin and cytokinin for the multiple shoot induction was MS medium containing 5mg/L BA and 0.5mg/L NAA. The major factors for multiple shoot propagation were part of plant organ, age of seedling, and ratio of auxin and cytokinin. In addition, shoot regeneration was promoted in the 100ml Erlenmeyer flask compared with the $90mm{\times}20mm$ Petri-dish. The induced shoots formed roots easy on MS medium containing 0.1mg/L IBA and the whole plants were successfully cultivated in soil.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2009

Dendropanax morbifera (Araliaceae) is an endemic species in Korea and distributed in the southern part of Korea. The roots and stems of this plant have been used for folk medicine for the treatment of migraine headache, dysmenorrheal, and remove wind dampness and for Vanishes production. Production of adventitious roots in D. morbifera by in vitro cultures could be used as alternatives materials. Leaf, stem, and root segments from D. morbifera seedling were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L IBA and 30 g/L sucrose. After 4 weeks of culture, the highest induction of adventitious roots was obtained from the leaf segment. Frequency of adventitious root formation on medium with various kinds of auxins (IAA, NAA, 2,4-D, and IBA) and various concentrations of IBA (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 mg/L) was tested. The maximum induction of adventitious root was obtained on medium with 1.0 mg/L IBA. In liquid culture, growth of root was best 1/2MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L IBA and 30 g/L sucrose. Adventitious roots were cultured in 5 L bioreactor containing 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L IBA and 30 g/L sucrose and mass-production of adventitious roots was successfully achieved. This study demonstrated for the first time to produce adventitious roots in D. morbifera.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2005

Effective micropropagation system via somatic embryognesis was established for a Phytophthora resistant Aralia elata cultivar. Different kinds of growth regulators were needed to induce embryogenic callus with different explant sources. When leaf explants were used, a combination of 2,4-D, TDZ and L-glutamine was needed, whereas when petiole and root explants needed only 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D. Embryogenic callus induction rate under the optimum culture condition was 75.0%, 67.0% and 83.0% from leaf, petiole and root segment, respectively. Somatic embryo germination and plantlet conversion rate appeared to be influenced greatly by various osmoticums. More than 90% of embryos germinated when treated with sucrose, glucose and maltose. However, the highest conversion rate (72%) was recorded on medium with 2% sucrose only. The converted plantlets grew normally on 1/2MS basal medium, were acclimatized on artificial soil mixture and survived more than 95% in the greenhouse condition. The results suggest that the species can be clonally propagated through in vitro culture system via somatic embryogenesis.