• 한국연초학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1982

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fertilization level, additional dressing time and form of nitrogen on the growth and formation of Alkaloid in flue-cured tobacco. The results are abstracted as follows. Length and width of harvested leaves, area of a leaf, leaf area per plant, number of harvested leaves, weight of a leaf, and leaf weight of a plant were larger in the $NO_3$-N plot than $NH_4$-N plot. Length, width and area of the middle leaves increased by additional dressing on 7 days before topping, but the dry weight Per unit leaf area of those was decreased. Leaf shape was broaden in additional dressing plots in comparison with 100% of basal dressing plot, but there is no difference among the additional dressing plots. And the smallest leaf shape index was shown at upper leaves in 100% of basal dressing Plot. Leaf weight of a Plaint was the highest in 12kg/10a Plot among $NO_3$-N form and in 12kg/10a plot among $NH_4$-N form. Total Alkaloid content was higher in $NH_4$-N plot between fertilization forms, and highest in 15kg/10a plot among fertilization levels and at the position of middle and upper leaves in the plot of 7 days before topping among additional dressing times.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.118-126
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• 1974

Mulberry plants cultivated in mid-Korea were studied on the growth habitat, canopy type, productive structure and vertical light intensity in relation to the quality of mulberry leaves for sericulture. The growth in length of new branch of summer cut mulberry in spring was vigorous on the uppermost of old shoot. Numbers of leaves on a branch were barely 4 leaves on lower than 20th branch from base, but those were 13 leaves on higher than 24th branch. Area of leaves completely expanded was broad on high branch, but narrow on low one. The form of canopy, the type of productive structure and the vertical light distribution depend upon varieties of cultivated mulberry plants were classified according to characteristic of each variety in two groups, respectively; globular and columnar form in canopy, broad leaves and narrow leaves types in productive structure, and seriously obstructured the light and fairly transmitted the light into lower leaf stratum invertical light distribution. Out of varieties of mulberry investigated, Suwon No. 4 and Rosang were belong to the former characters, but Illchiroe and Kaeryangsubun were to the latters. The values of leaf dry matter index and dry matter production produced by leaves were increased in direct proportion to the height of leaf stratum; the leaf dry matter index of the uppermost leaf was twice as much that of the lowest, and the dry matter production by the highest leaf was 17 times compared with that by the lowest leaf. It is assumed that the meagre leaves occurred in the lower leaf stratum of Suwon No. 4 and Rosang were caused to diminished the dry matter index and dry matter production in the under leaves of plant, which were affected by receiving the weak light.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.435-450
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• 2018

Phenological events of four Rhododendron tree species (viz. R. arboreum, R. arboreum ssp. delavayi var. delavayi, R. barbatum and R. kesangiae) was monitored in temperate mixed broad-leaved forests of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Phenological events like flower bud formation, flowering, fruit setting, fruit maturing, seed dispersal, leaf bud formation, leaf flushing, and leaf shedding were recorded. Indices i.e., phenophase sequence index (PSI), active phenophasic period of the species (APS) and index of reproductive/vegetative activity (RVA) were also calculated. Present study revealed that bark consistency, growth form and leaf pattern of the studied species have showed variations among the species. Rhododendron species exhibited the phenological events overlapping with other phenophases. The peak flower bud formation was observed during the winter; R. arboreum ssp. delavayi var. delavayi start flowering from December, while the flowering in rest three species exhibited during February to April. Fruit setting occurred during summer to autumn while fruit maturation revealed peak during November. Leaf bud formation illustrated two peaks in April and May, leaf flushing exhibited peak in June, while leaf shedding peaked during October to November. Active phenophasic period of the species were found 12 months, which revealed that species engage in various phenophase activities throughout the year. Phenophase sequence index ranged between 0.8 to 0.9 (PSI ${\geq}0.6$), signifies that species have a sequential arrangement of phenophases. Index of reproductive/vegetative activity of the species exemplified >1, indicate that the reproductive phenophases were dominance over vegetative phenophases. The study have provided substantial insight on the life cycle events of Rhododendron species and ecological approaches for further scientific study with recent climate change and effective management and conservation.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제71권1호
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• pp.82-89
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• 1985

수종간(樹種間), 집단간(集團間), 집단내개체간(集團內個體間)의 변이(變異)를 밝히기 위(爲)해 신갈나무 10개(個) 천연집단(天然集團)과 졸참나무 9개(個) 천연집단(天然集團)의 엽형질변이(葉形質變異)를 조사(調査)하였다. 엽신장(葉身長)/최대엽폭(最大葉幅), 엽신장(葉身長)/엽병장(葉柄長), 엽신장(葉身長)/엽맥수(葉脈數), 상(上)1/3엽폭(葉幅)/최대엽폭(最大葉幅), 상(上)1/3엽폭(葉幅)/하(下)1/3엽폭(葉幅)의 5개(個) 엽형지수(葉型指數)와 엽병장(葉柄長), 엽맥수(葉脈數)가 본(本) 연구(硏究)에 포함(包含)되었다. 졸참나무의 엽신장(葉身長)/엽병장(葉柄長)을 제외(除外)한 조사(調査)된 모든 엽형질변이(葉形質變異)는 집단간(集團間), 집단내개체간(集團內個體間)에 고도(高度)의 유의적(有意的)인 차이(差異)를 보였다. 신갈나무와 졸참나무 다같이 엽신장(葉身長)/최대엽폭(最大葉幅), 엽신장(葉身長)/엽병장(葉柄長), 엽신장(葉身長)/엽맥수(葉脈數)의 지수(指數)에서 남부집단(南部集團)과 북부집단간(北部集團間)에 다른 엽형(葉型)을 나타냈다. 그리고 북부집단(北部集團)의 엽형(葉型)은 신갈나무의 독특(獨特)한 특성(特性)들과 더 유사(類似)하고 남부집단(南部集團)은 졸참나무의 독특(獨特)한 특성(特性)을 더 많이 지니고 있었다. 집단내개체목간(集團內個體木間)에 변이(變異)는 엽신장(葉身長)/엽병장(葉柄長), 엽병장(葉柄長)에서 더욱 두드러지게 나타났고 우리나라 중부(中部)에 하는 속(屬)하는 계룡산집단내(鷄龍山集團內)에서 더욱 현저(顯著)했다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.7-10
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• 2005

Plant water deficiency during drought season causes physiological stress and can be a critical indicator of forest fire vulnerability. In this study, we attempt to analyze the spectral characteristics of water stressed vegetation by using the laboratory measurement on leaf samples and the canopy reflectance spectra extracted from satellite hyperspectral image data. Leaf-level reflectance spectra were measured by varying moisture content using a portable spectro-radiometer. Canopy reflectance spectra of sample forest stands of two primary species (pine and oak) located in central part of the Korean peninsula were extracted from EO-l Hyperion imaging spectrometer data obtained during the drought season in 2001 and the normal precipitation year in 2002. The preliminary analysis on the reflectance spectra shows that the spectral characteristics of leaf samples are not compatible with the ones obtained from canopy level. Although moisture content of vegetation can be influential to the radiant flux reflected from leaf-level, it may not be very straightforward to obtain the spectral characteristics that are directly related to the level of canopy moisture content. Canopy spectra form forest stands can be varied by structural variables (such as LAt, percent coverage, and biomass) other than canopy moisture content.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1994

To investigate the factors of the improvement of cultivation methods according to the plant type, three Burley tobacco cultivars were done. Experiments on the variability of plant type and factors representing the productivity and quality of the cultivar were subsequently carried out in relation to different fertilizer levels. Results are summarized as below. Use of more fertilizer resulted in higher plant height and longer leaf length but smaller mean leaf inclination(MLI). The horizontal leaf area distribution became greater in parts distal to the stem and the vertical leaf area distribution became greater in lower half than in upper half as the amount of fertilizer applied was increased. Br. 49 was the largest but Br. 21 and NTN 77 were similar with respect to both CGR and NAR. The yield was greater in larger MLI cultivars. These three characteristics became greater when the tobacco were heavier in the cultivars of larger MLI and increased with higher amount of fertilizer. Harvest index became greater as the amount of fertilizer decreased but not significantly differ among the cultivars. Total nitrogen content and nitrate - form nitrogen content were greater, more amount of fertilizer, and larger MLI cultivar plots. Total nitrogen content was higher in upper leaves. The filling power of tobacco leaves decreased but combustibility of leaves showed not significant trend as fertilizer application level increased.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1981

내한성(耐寒性) 다(茶)나무의 개발(開發)에 의(依)하여 다원조성(茶園造成)의 북한(北限)을 현재(現在)보다 더 확대(擴大) 하고자 하는 목적(目的)으로 한국(韓國)의 각(各) 지역별(地域別) 다(茶)나무의 엽형태(葉形態)와 내한성(耐寒性)을 조사(調査)하여 보았던바 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 엽장(葉長)은 5.1cm에서 8.4cm의 범위내(範圍內)에 있었는데 그중(中) 무등산(無等山) 다(茶)나무의 엽면(葉面)이 $27.36cm^2$로서 제일(第一) 넓었었다. 2. 거치수(鋸齒數)는 43개(個)에서 73개(個)의 범위내(範圍內)에 있었고 이중(中) 보림산(寶林山)의 다엽(茶葉)이 제일(第一) 많았었으며 각지역(各地域)마다 엽장(葉長)은 엽폭(葉幅)에 따라 비례적(比例的)으로 증감(增減) 되였었다. 3. 측맥수(側脈數)는 13개(個)에서 19개(個)의 범위내(範圍內)에 있었는데 이중 보림산(寶林山)의 것이 제일(第一) 많았었고 엽장(葉長)은 엽폭(葉幅)에 따라 역시(亦是) 비례적(比例的)으로 증감(增減) 되였었다. 4. 엽형태수(葉形態數)는 각지역(各地域)마다 2~3의 범위내(範圍內)에 있었으며 거이 변이(變異)가 없었고 장수원형(長隨圓形)의 것이 많았었다. 5. 일반적(一般的)으로 고산(高山)의 것은 엽장(葉長)과 엽폭(葉幅)이 모두다 적은것이 특징(特徵) 이였었다. 6. 어느 지역(地域)에 있어서나 한국산(韓國産) 다(茶)나무의 품종(品種)은 중국(中國)에서 전래(傳來)된 Thea Sinensis Linne var. Bohea의 동일(同一)한 품종(品種)이였는데 이 품종(品種)이 삼신산(三紳山)에 파종(播種)된 이래(以來) 각지역(各地域)으로 전파(傳播)되는 동안에 지리적조건(地理的條件)과 기후적조건(氣候的條件)의 영향(影響)을 받아 외부(外部)의 형태(形態)에 약간(約干)의 적은 변이(變異)가 생긴것이라고 생각 되였었다. 7. 또한 우리나라 칠개지역(七個地域)의 각지역별(各地域別) 다(茶)나무에 대(對)한 내한성(耐寒性)을 조사(調査) 하기 위(爲)하여 처리온도(處理温度)와 처리시간별(處理時間別)로 저온처리(低温處理)를 하여 보았던바 무등산(無等山) 다(茶)나무와 화엄산(華嚴山) 다(茶)나무가 내한성(耐寒性)이 가장 강(強)하였었으며 삼신산(三紳山) 다(茶)나무와 보림산(寶林山) 다(茶)나무는 중간정도(中間程度)였었고 조계산(曹溪山) 다(茶)나무와 묘포(苗圃)의 다(茶)나무는 제일(第一) 약(弱)한 편이였었다. 8. 다엽(茶葉)의 한계(限界) 온도(温度)는 무등산(無等山) 다(茶)나무와 화엄산(華嚴山) 다(茶)나무가 그리고 삼신산(三紳山) 다(茶)나무와 보림산(寶林山) 다(茶)나무가 $-10^{\circ}C$ 였으며 조계산(曹溪山) 다(茶)나무와 묘포(苗圃)의 다(茶)나무는 $-5^{\circ}C$ 였었고 각지역(各地域)에 있어서의 다(茶)나무 전체(全體)의 치사온도(致死温度)는 $-15^{\circ}C$ 였었다. 9. 저온처리시간(低温處理時間)을 길게 하여도 한계온도(限界温度)는 불변(不變) 하였으며 한계온도(限界温度)를 넘는 저온처리(低温處理)를 하면 한해(寒害)는 격증(激增) 하였었다. 10. 따라서 우리나라에서 가장 내한성(耐寒性)이 강(強)한 무등산(無等山) 다(茶)나무의 가장 우량(優良)한 지엽(枝葉)을 선발(選拔)하여 이의 삽목(揷木)에 의(依)한 유묘(幼苗)로 다원조성(茶園造成)의 북한(北限)을 지금(只今)보다 더 확대(擴大) 시키는 것이 바람직한 한국산(韓國産) 다(茶)의 증산방안(增産方案) 이라고 생각한다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2010

최근 웹 GIS에 있어 큰 흐름 중의 하나는 오픈소스 소프트웨어 (Free and Open Source Software: FOSS)를 이용한 시스템 구축이다. 지리정보를 웹에서 처리하는데 있어서 오픈소스 소프트웨어의 등장은 기존 상용소프트웨어의 기술에 의존하지 않으면서, 구현모듈의 재사용과 시스템 확장성을 증대시키고 있다. 본 연구에서는 오픈소스 공간데이터베이스인 PostgreSQL/PostGIS와 동적상호작용을 지원하는 구글어스를 이용하여 지리정보의 효율적인 사각화를 위한 웹기반의 지리정보 표출시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다. 본 시스템의 지도 시각화는 구글어스 플러그인 및 API(application programming interface)를 이용하여 구현하였으며, 사용자의 요구에 따라 동적으로 데이터를 KML(Keyhole Markup Language)로 자동 생성하여 구글어스 상에 다양한 지리적 형태로 시각화 할 수 있는 자바 모듈(KML Generator)을 구현하였다. 프로토타입 시스템은 우리나라의 LAI(leaf area index), 임상도 및 정곡생산량 데이터를 이용하여 테스트되었으며 본 연구에서 설계 및 구현된 웹기반의 지리정보 표출 시스템이 다양한 지리공간데이터의 시각화에 적용될 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.80-85
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• 1998

The influence of elevated CO2 and temperature on growth parameters, biomass production and its partitioning of rice (Oryza sativa L.cv. Chukwangbyeo) were investigated in the three experiments (1991-1993). Rice plants were grown from transplanting to harvest at either ambient(350ppm) or elevated CO2 concentrations (690 or 650ppm) in combination with either four or seven temperature regimes ranging form ambient temperature (AT) to AT plus 3$^{\circ}C$.From transplanting to panicle initiation, crop growth rate (CGR) was enhanced by up to 27% with elevated CO2 , primarily due to an an increase in leaf area index. although net assimilatiion rate was also greater at elevated CO2. The effect of elevated CO2 varied with temperature. During the reproductive phase, CGR declined linearly with increased temperature, and was greater at elevated CO2 . Elevated CO2 increased final crop biomass and panicle weight 30% respectively at AT(27.6$^{\circ}C$ : 1991) . However, there was no significant effect of elevated CO2 on panicle weight at AT plus 3$^{\circ}C$, where severe spikelet sterility occurred. There was no significant effect of elevated CO2 on panicle weight at AT plus 3$^{\circ}C$, where severe spikelet sterility occurred. There was also no effect of CO2 on biomass pratitioning into vegetative and reproductive organs (harvest index)) at AT, although higher temperature could affect that by inducing spikelet sterility. These results suggest that elevated CO2 could enhance rice producivity througth promoted growth and biomass production , but its positive effects may be less at higher temperatures.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

시설 내 작물이 이용하는 수광특성의 이해와 지속적으로 변화하는 광환경의 추적은 광합성과 증산반응 연구에서 중요하다. 또한 재배기간 동안 작물이 생장함에 따라 광이용 형태가 지속적으로 변화한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 작물의 생육을 반영한 흡광계수 추정 모델을 개발하였다. 흡광계수의 측정을 위하여 작물의 높이에 따라 수직으로 일사량계를 5개 설치하였으며, 작물의 전 생육기간(1-85DAT) 동안 1초 단위로 측정을 하였다. 초기, 중기, 후기 각각의 생육단계에 따라 최상단 광량과 최하단의 광량의 차이가 69%, 72%, 81%로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. LAI와 초장이 증가함에 따라 흡광계수는 감소하였으며, 지수적 감소 관계를 보였다. 두 생육지표를 모두 반영한 3차원 모델에서는 Paraboloid 식이 평균 제곱근 오차(RMSE)가 1.340으로 가장 낮았고, 결정계수(R²)는 0.968로 가장 높았다. 본 연구를 통하여 작물 재배기간 동안 보다 정확한 흡광계수를 예측할 수 있게 되었고, 이는 작물의 높이에 따른 광합성 및 증산량 예측과 분석 연구에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.