• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 1982

A study was carried out to examine the effects of chlorine and hydrogen chloride gas with various concentrations (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and $1.0\;g/m^3/hr)$ on rice and soybean plants. Symptoms, ratios of destroyed leaf, grain yield and chlorophyll contents in leaves were investigated. The results are as follows. 1) Hydrogen chloride gas damaged the margine parts of rice and soybean leaves, but chlorine appeared grayish subtle spots in whole parts of rice and soybean leaves. 2) Rice leaves showed higher damage ratio in hydrogen chloride fumigation than in soybean leaves, but less damage in chlorine. 3) Chlorophyll contents in rice leaves were higher in chlorine gas fumigated than hydrogen chloride fumigated. 4) The ratio of destroyed leaf was negatively correlated with chlorophyll contents.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2014

Heavy metal pollution is a widespread global problem causing serious environmental concern. Heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, and Zn can induce toxicity in all organisms if the soil levels of contaminants reach critical values. The aim of the present study was to examine the application of Liriope platyphylla, an ornamental Korean native plant with great potential for contaminated soil in urban areas, to determine tolerance for Cd, Pb, and Zn. Plants were grown in amended artificial soil with Cd, Pb, and Zn at 0, 100, 250, and $500mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ for 7 months. The length of leaf, width of leaf, total leaf number, dead leaf number, new leaf number, chlorophyll contents, and ornamental value were monitored from May to August, during growth the period. The relative leaf length and leaf width displayed rapidly decreasing tendencies with an increasing Cd concentration beginning from 4 months after planting. The same decreasing tendency was observed in total leaf number, new leaf number, chlorophyll contents, and ornamental values showed a trend of Control> $Cd_{100}$ > $Cd_{250}$ > $Cd_{500}$. In Pb concentration treatments, the relative leaf length and leaf width were significantly lower in plants grown at $250mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ and $500mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ as compared to the Control, $100mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$. The total leaf number, new leaf number, and dead leaf number did not show significant difference among treatments in Control and $Pb_{100}$ but chlorophyll contents and ornamental value decreased with increasing Pb supply concentration treatments. However, in Zn supply treatments, the relative leaf length was higher at $100mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ than the Control, $250mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, $500mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, but the relative leaf width decreased compared to the Control, $Zn_{100}$, $Zn_{250}$, and $Zn_{500}$. The total leaf number, dead leaf number, new leaf number, and ornamental value showed the lowest value in plants grown in $Zn_{500}$ treatment but no significant differences were found among other treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.63-74
• /
• 1993

Changes in the amount of ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oygenase(=RuBisCO) protein, namely fraction I protein, and the protease activity were determined in the 10th leaf of tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum, var. Ky-57) from 10 days after emergence through senescence at 5 days interval. The amount of RuBisCO per deveined leaf rapidly increased during the early growing season, reached a maximal quantity at the around 20 days after leaf emergence, when the leaf has gone through its most rapid expansion, and began gradually to decrease till 30 days after leaf emergence, thereafter significantly declined to 45 days that the leaf has been dried up partly. The pattern of the ratio of RuBisCO protein to soluble protein in quantity changed similar to that of RuBisCO contents in a leaf, that was 43%, 60%, and 21% at the around 10 days, 20 days, and 45 days, respectively. And RuBisCO contents was linearly correlated with the concentration of chlorophyll(r=0.98) throughout the life span of the leaf. So, it was assumed that the leaf color can be a useful indicator for judging whether RuBisCO contents higher or not in tobacco leaves without homogenization. On the other hand, the protease activities for degradation of casein were assayed at pH 5.5. 7.0. and 8.5 with crude extracts desalted on Sephadex G-25. The highest caseolytic activity was found at pH 5.5 throughout the life sawn of the leaf. Also, the activity at 5.5 became gradually to increase from 30 days after leaf emergence, when RuBisCO protein had became to disappear and remarkably increased in the last stage of senescence, although nitrogen contents of the leaf had reached low levels. The caseolytic activity at pH 5.5 was in negative correlation with RuBisCO contents throughout the life span of the leaf, but not in lineality between them. In other words, the caseolytic activity increased in a rapid exponential manner when RuBisCO contents had reached some low levels. These results showed that the leaf age, namely harvesting time, is a very important factor for the production of the tobacco leaf containing higher RuBisCO protein. It was concluded that the practical harvesting time is between 20 days and 30 days after the leaf emergence from the present results.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.479-483
• /
• 2003

Knowledge of N accumulation during the vegetative growth stage of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is useful for determining the need for topdressing fertilizer N at panicle initiation and booting stage. The chlorophyll content showing SPAD threshold values generated by a simple and portable diagnostic instrument, chlorophyll meter, enables implement the measures of greenness and/or relative chlorophyll contents of leaves. Two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the possible application of the chlorophyll meter for N diagnosis in transplanted paddy rice. The chlorophyll meter threshold values (SPAD reading) were taken from uppermost fully expanded leaves at 10days interval from 10 days after transplanting. SPAD readings and N contents of rice leaf blade were closely related at the maximum tillering stage. SPAD readings during growth period showed M-shaped distribution, sharply finished to drop at 20 days after heading date. As N fertilizer increased, the SPAD readings increased. The SPAD readings showed more critical and clear difference in immature paddy field than in ordinary paddy field, where the former soil showed higher response to N fertilizer topdressed. Based on the PAD readings for obtaining an optimum sink size bearing the maximum grain yield, N fertilizer to be dressed at the panicle initiation stage is to be adjusted within the SPA$\times$tillers value range 888 in ordinary paddy, and 800 in immature paddy vice. Among the cultivars tested, Huckhyangbyeo, Jinpumbyeo, Ansungbyeo, Sobibyeo, Manpungbyeo, Sangmibyeo, Jinbongbyeo, showed high SPAD values, whereas the cultivars, Nonghobyeo, Saechuchungbyeo, Hwabongbyeo, Mananbyeo, did low values and others intermediate SPAD threshhold values.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.773-786
• /
• 2016

Grape cultivar "Campbell Early" account for 70% of table grape in Korea and Leaf Spot Disease caused by Pseudocercospora vitis is one of a major disease in greenhouse and field grown area during late summer season in both of organic and conventional grape farm. Leaf spot disease can cause lowing of sugar content in fruit and vine growth and very difficult to control especially in organic field. Photosynthesis ability and chemical components are compared between leaf spot disease infected leaves with degree of necrotic area. With increase of disease necrotic area, $CO_2$ differential value, water use efficiency and $CO_2$ assimilation and respiration ratio are decreased proportionally and on the other hand, stomatal conductance value is not affected by disease necrotic area. Chlorophyll contents are also decreased by 50% in heavily infected leaves and imply decrease of chlorophyll contents is a major source of photosynthesis ability decline. With increase of disease necrotic area in leaves, total nitrogen and phosphate contents are decreased and on the other side, total carbon, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents are increased. From this research, we can infer that not only chemical control program is important in control of leaf spot disease but also fertilizing program is significant especially in organic agronomical control of fungal disease in grape cultivar "Campbell Early".

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.229-233
• /
• 1990

Changes in chemical components of green tea leaves at different cooking conditions-blanching and frying-were surveyed as a method of utilizing low graded green tea leaves which missed appropriate plucking times. There was no significant difference in protein content during cooking. But contents of chlorophyll, tannin, vitamin C and caffeine were decreased during cooking, contents of chlorophyll and caffeine showed a greater decrease in frying than blanching. Content of total amino acid of green tea leaf was 15.8% and blanching showed bigger diminution of its content in comparision with frying during cooking.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2017

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of calcium chloride($CaCl_2$) on the growth and physiological responses of Pinus strobus and the variables that are sensitive to $CaCl_2$. Thus, changes in the visible damage, growth of root collar diameter, plant water content, chlorophyll content and composition, maximum PS II photochemical efficiency, and electron transport rate of P. strobus was analyzed in relation to treatment witih $CaCl_2$. A $CaCl_2$ solution(0.5, 1.0 and 3.0%) was applied in the root zone before leaf unfolding. Leaf browning, defoliation, and drying were observed with $CaCl_2$ application and this pattern was aggravated as the $CaCl_2$ concentration increased and the treatment period became longer. The decrease of growth in root collar diameter and height and leaf water content were observed at $CaCl_2$ 1.0% and 3.0%. The total chlorophyll content indicated that photopigment, PS II photochemical efficiency and electron transport rate significantly decreased at $CaCl_2$ 3.0%. In conclusion, $CaCl_2$ affected leaf water content and led to a decrease of capability in light harvesting and photochemical responses. Also, as a result of the correlation between calcium chloride concentration and growth and physiological response parameters, it was found that the leaf moisture content and the ratio of chlorophyll a and b reflect the damage level of calcium chloride sensitively because their coefficient of determinations were relatively high.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.346-351
• /
• 2009

To study the optimal cultivation for paddy soil, growth characteristics and ginsenoside content was investigated by both of poor drainage class (PDC) and imperfect drainage class (IDC) in three-year-old ginseng of varieties, Cheonpoong (CP), Yeonpoong (YP), Hwangsookjong (HS), and Jakyeongjong (JK). Root yield of IDC was higher than that of PDC by 3.6 times because stem length, leaf area, and chlorophyll contents were increased, while discolored leaf ratio was decreased. Root yield of HS in PDC was highest among four varieties because chlorophyll contents, leaf area, and survived plant ratio were relatively high. Root yield of CP in IDC was highest among four varieties because of high leaf area and survived plant ratio, and low discolored leaf ratio. Ratio of rusty-colored root showed significant difference by varieties, which was the highest in HS and the lowest in CP among four varieties irrespective of drainage classes. Total ginsenoside contents showed significant difference by drainage classes, which were high in IDC of good growth and low in PDC of poor growth. Total ginsenoside contents were high in JK and CP, while low in HS and YP both of drainage classes.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.60 no.3
• /
• pp.266-272
• /
• 2015

High temperature impairs rice grain yield and quality. To understand the effect of high temperature on leaf physiological activity and grain filling, two cultivars of rice that Dongan and Ilpum were exposed to high temperature during ripening stage. Grain filling rate, perfect grain ratio and grain weight of high temperature ($27^{\circ}C{\pm}4^{\circ}C$) treated both rice cultivars were decreased than those of control temperature ($22^{\circ}C{\pm}4^{\circ}C$) treated. The reduction rates of grain filling ratio, perfect grain ratio and grain weight of high temperature treated to control treated rice were higher in Ilpum than Dongan. Chlorophyll contents of rice leaves under high temperature at early ripening stage were higher than those of control temperature, but those were slowly decreased with no difference between temperature treatment since at mid ripening stage. Although chlorophyll a/b ratio under high temperature was decreased from heading to 15 days after heading, that was gradually increased since 15 days after heading. Protein concentrations of rice leaves for ripening stage was a similar pattern with chlorophyll changes. The rate of photosynthesis at 14 days after heading under high temperature was higher than those of control temperature, but there was no difference at those of 7 and 34 days after heading between two temperature treatment. Free sugars under high temperature treated leaves were lower than control temperature. Consequently, these results exhibit that high temperature accelerate leaf physiological activity as chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis rate unlike the deterioration of grain filling.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 1979

A study was carried out to examine the effects of sulfur dioxide gas on soybean plants; at two concentrations(0.2mg/l and 0.5mg/l) and in different fumigation periods, The grain yield of soybeans, sulfur and chlorophyll contents in leaves, and ratios of destroyed leaf were investigated, 1) At the concentration of $SO_2$ 0.5mg/l, a) The yield decrease were 52% and 76.4% at 5 minutes and one houre fumigation period respectively, b) The sulfur contents in leaves were positively correlated with fumigation period and yield decrease, however the water soluble sulfur was superior than the total sulfur in correlation coefficient. 2) At the concentration of $SO_2$ 0.2mg/l; a) The most severe destruction of leaves were observed at noon exposure (10:00-11:00 O'clock) and no visible damage was observed at night exposure (22:00-23:00) b) The sulfur contents in leaves and stems were the highest at noon exposure and the lowest at evening exposure (18:00-19:00 O'clock) chlorophyll contents were the highest at night exposure but, the lowest at noon exposure, c) The ratio of destroyed leaf was positively correlated with the sulfur content of leaves, but negatively correlated with chlorophyll contents. d) Absorbance spectra of chlorophyll in the chlorolast were greatly decreased at noon exposure but slightly decreased at night exposure. The decrease of absorbance spectra was mainly at $456m{\mu}$ and $663m{\mu}$.