• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.304-304
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• 2010

최근 생활에 편리하며 휴대하기 좋은 전자기기들이 개발되고 있다. 휴대폰이나 MP3와 같은 전자기기들은 거의 필수품이라고 할 정도로 우리의 일상생활에 근접하여 있다. 그 종 대표적으로 휴대폰의 종류로 스마트폰과 같은 터치스크린을 이용한 사례는 점차 상승하고 있으며 시간이 지날수록 그 수요는 더욱 많아지고 있다. 때문에 몰입감 제공을 위하여 햅틱장치의 채용이 일반화 되고 있다. 햅틱장치란 가상환경이나 원거리에 있는 환경과 사용자가 상호 작용할 때 사용자에게 촉감이나 힘의 정보를 전달하여 주는 장치로 진동 및 회동 저항에 의해 사용자로 하여금 촉감들 느낄 수 있도록 하는 장치를 뜻한다. 즉, 현실감을 전달을 중점으로 하는 햅틱장치는 빠른 응답 속도와, 진동의 주파수와 크기는 독립적으로 제어가 가능해야 하며 기계적 수용기들을 직접적으로 자극할 수 있어야 한다. 하지만 모바일 햅틱장치의 경우 크기 및 소비전력의 문제로 모든 스펙을 만족하기에는 어려워 좀 더 한정적인 느낌을 제공할 수 없다. 현재까지 모바일 장치에서 햅틱 피드백을 위하여 진동모터나, 솔레노이드, 압전 액츄에이터 등이 많이 사용되어 지고 있다. 그 중 압전 액츄에이터는 입력에너지를 기계적 출력에너지로 변환되는 효과를 이용 한 것으로 압력 센서, 초음파 센서 등 많은 분야에서 응용되고 있으며 변위 범위는 작지만, 크기가 매우 작고 변위 정밀도가 높으며 발생력과 응답속도가 빠르다는 장점이 존재한다. 이를 이용한 햅틱 압전 엑츄에이터의 제작에 사용되는 압전 세라믹스는 높은 전기적 특성을 가질수록 더 졸은 효율을 가지며 이로 인하여 보다 좋은 전기적 특성을 가지는 압전 세라믹스를 필요로 한다. 현재 많이 사용되는 PZT계 세라믹스는 우수한 전기적 특성으로 많이 사용되고 있지만 Pb의 유독성으로 인한 환경문제로 Pb가 포함된 제품을 제한하고 있어 현재 Lead-free의 연구가 이루어지고 있다. Lead-free중 Ba$(Ti_{0.8}Zr_{0.2})O_3$(BZT)는 PZT계 세라믹스를 대체할 차세대 압전 재료로 주목받고 있다. 일반적으로 Lead-free의 압전계수($d_{33}$=100~300pC/N)는 비교적 낮은 값을 보이지만 BZT의 압전계수(BZT $d_{33}$~620pC/N)는 PZT계 세라믹스의 압전계수($d_{33}$=500~600pC/N)와 비교하여 부족하지 않은 압전계수를 보여주며 PZT를 대체할 재료로 주목받고 있다. 본 실험은 햅틱 압전 엑츄에이터용 무연 압전세라믹스의 제작을 위하여 Ba$(Ti_{0.8}Zr_{0.2})O_3-(Ba_{0.7}Ca_{0.3})-TiO_3$(BZT -BCT)의 조성으로 유전 및 압전 특성을 조사하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.646-650
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• 2013

$(Na,K)NbO_3$-based piezoelectric ceramics were synthesized by a liquid phase sintering method with a selected glass frit. The effects of the content of the glass frit and the sintering temperature on the microstructure and the electrical properties of the samples were investigated. With the 0.1 wt% of glass frit content, $(Na_{0.52}K_{0.44}Li_{0.06})(Nb_{0.84}Ta_{0.10}Sb_{0.06})O_3$ (NKL-NTS) ceramics showed the maximum values of the relative density (99.1%) and the electro-mechanical coupling factor ($k_p$: 0.32) at the sintering temperature of $1,050^{\circ}C$. It might mean that a liquid phase sintering with a suitable glass frit having the lower flow temperature could improve the relative density and the piezoelectric properties.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1025-1028
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• 2006

Dense $0.95(Na_{0.5}K_{0.5})NbO_3-0.05LiTaO_3$ (NKN-5LT) ceramics were developed by conventional sintering process. Sintering temperature was lowered by adding $Na_2CO_3$ as a sintering aid. The electrical properties of NKN-5LT ceramics were investigated as a function of $Na_2CO_3$ concentration. When the sample sintered at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 4 h with the addition of 1 mol% $Na_2CO_3$, electro-mechanical coupling factor $(k_p)$ and piezoelectric coefficient $(d_{33})$ of NKN-5LT ceramics were found to reach the highest values of 0.43 and 190 pC/N, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.5-5
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• 2010

$(Na_{0.5}K_{0.5})NbO_3$ (NKN) ceramic with 1.5 mol% CuO added (NKNC) was well sintered even at a low temperature of $900^{\circ}C$ with the addition of ZnO. Most of the ZnO reacted with the CuO and formed the liquid phase that assisted the densification of the specimens at $900^{\circ}C$. A few $Zn^{2+}$ ions entered the matrix of the specimens and increased the coercive field ($E_c$) and $Q_m$ values of the specimens. High-piezoelectric properties of $k_p=0.37$, $Q_m=755$, and ${\varepsilon}_3\;^T/{\varepsilon}_0=327$ were obtained from the NKNC ceramics containing 1.0 mol% ZnO sintered at $900^{\circ}C$ for 2 h.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.806-809
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• 2013

In this study, $(Na_{0.525}K_{0.443}Li_{0.037})(Nb_{0.883}Sb_{0.08}Ta_{0.037})O_3+0.10\;wt%Bi_2O_3+0.35\;wt%B_2O_3$ ceramics were prepared by conventional soild-state sintering process. The specimens were sintered at temperature range from $1,060^{\circ}C$ to $1,100^{\circ}C$. XRD (X-ray diffractron), SEM (scanning electron microscope) were used to analyze the crystal structure and microstructural sproperties of specimens. And also, $T_{O-T}$, TC were observed by the mesurement of temperature dependence of dielectric constant. Excellect physical properties of the piezoelectric constant $d_{33}$= 170 pC/N, electromechanical coupling factor kp= 0.312, Tc= $315^{\circ}C$ were obtained, respectively, from the specimen sintered at $1,080^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.315-316
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• 2006

Dense $0.95(Na_{0.5}K_{0.5})NbO_3-0.05LiTaO_3$ (NKN-LT) ceramics were developed by conventional sintering process. Sintering temperature was lowered by adding $Na_2O$ as a sintering aid. The electrical properties of NKN-LT ceramics were investigated as a function of $Na_2O$ concentration. When the sample sintered at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 4h with the addition of 1 mol% $Na_2O$, electromechanical coupling factor ($k_p$) and piezoelectric coefficient ($d_{33}$) of NKN-LT ceramics were found to reach the highest values of 0.43 and 190 pC/N, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.1487-1488
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• 2011

Electrical properties and microstructure were investigated on the effects of $MnO_2$ and the lead-free $(Na_{0.44}K_{0.52}Li_{0.04})(Nb_{0.83}Sb_{0.07}Ta_{0.1})O_3$ ceramics with the addition of $MnO_2$ were fabricated by a conventional mixed oxide method. A gradual change in the crystal and microstructure was observed with the increase of $MnO_2$ addition. For the NKN-LST-xmol%$MnO_2$ sintered at $1100^{\circ}C$, bulk density increased with the addition of $MnO_2$ and showed maximum value at addition 1.0mol% of $MnO_2$. Curie temperature of the NKN-LST ceramics slightly decreased with adding $MnO_2$. The dielectric constant, piezoelectric constant ($d_{33}$) and electromechanical coupling factor ($k_p$) increased below 0.25mol% of $MnO_2$ addition, which might be due to the increase in density. The high piezoelectric properties = 145 pC/N, electromechanical coupling factor = 0.421 and dielectric constant = 2883 were obtained for the NKN-LST-0.25mol%$MnO_2$ sintered at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 4h.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2016

$(Bi_{1/2}Na_{1/2})_{0.94}Ba_{0.06}(Ti_{1-x}Nb_x)O_3$ (BNBTxNb) ceramics were investigated in terms of the crystal structure as well as the ferroelectric, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties. While little change was observed in the microstructure except for a slight decrease in the average grain size, a significant change was noticed in the temperature dependence of dielectric and piezoelectric properties. It was shown that the property changes are closely related to the downward shift in the position of the ferroelectric-to-relaxor transition temperature with increasing amount of Nb doping. A special emphasis is put on the fact that Nb doping is so effective at decreasing the ferroelectric-to-relaxor transition temperature that even at no more than 2 at.% Nb addition, the transition temperature was already brought down slightly below room temperature, resulting in the birth of a large strain at 0.46 %, equivalent to $S_{max}/E_{max}=767pm/V$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.627-631
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• 2011

[ $[Li_{0.04}(Na_{0.54}K_{0.46})_{0.96}](Nb_{1-0.04-X}TaxSb_{0.04})O_3$ ]lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have been prepared by normal sintering at $1,100^{\circ}C$ for 5 h. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that specimens demonstrate orthorhombic symmetry when $Ta\leq5$ mol%. While transforming into tetragonal symmetry when $x\geq20$ mol%. These suggest that the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases co-exist in the ceramics with 5 mol% $cm^3$. As the result of SEM images, the grain growth was decreased with the increase of Ta substitution. The ceramics become 'softening', leading to improvements in $k_p$, $\varepsilon_r$ and $d_{33}$, but a decrease in $Q_m$. Excellent properties of $k_p$= 0.46, $d_{33}$= 293 pC/N, ${\varepsilon}_r$= 1,583 and Tc= $340^{\circ}C$ were obtained when Ta= 15 mol%.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.220-225
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• 2008

Lead-free ferroelectric ceramics are widely researched today for industrial applications as sensors, actuators and transducers. Since $Pb(Zr_aTi_{1-a})O_3$-(PZT) has high Curie temperature($T_C$), high piezoelectric properties near its morphotropic phase boundary(MPB) composition and small temperature dependence electrical behavior, it has been used to commercial materials for wide temperature range and different application fields. According to the tolerance factor concept, since the $Bi^{3+}$ cation with 12-fold coordinate has a smaller ionic radius than 12-fold coordinate $Pb^{2+}$, most bismuth based perovskites possess a smaller tolerance factor. Therefore, MPBs with a higher $T_C$ may be expected in $Bi(Me^{3+})O_3PbTiO_3$ solid solutions. As in lead based perovskite systems, it is clear that we need to explore more materials in simple or complex bismuth based MPB systems. The objective of this study is to investigate the $Bi(Ni_{1_a}X_a)O_3-PbTiO_3(X=Ti^{4+},\;Nb^{5+})$ perovskite solid-solution. For improving the electronic conduction problem, the magnesium and manganese modified system was also studied.