• Title/Summary/Keyword: lead limit test

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The Effects of 3.5% NaCl Aqueous Solution Temperature on the Corrosion Fatigue Fracture of Dual phase steel (3.5% NaCl 수용액의 온도변화가 복합조직강의 부식피로파괴에 미치는 영향)

  • 오세욱;도영문;박수영;김재철;김광영
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.140-147
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    • 1992
  • Corrsion fatigue test was performed under rotated bending in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution having a temperature from 278.deg.K in order to investigate the effects of aqueous solution remperature on the corrosion fatigue fracture of raw material steel(SS41) and dual phase steel that was produced from SS41 by a series of heat treatment. Corrosion fatigue life decreases remarkably with increase in solution temperature or with decrease in stress level. The corrosion fatigue life and the crack propagation rate at 303.deg.K show the similar behaviors with those at 318.deg.K, which is assumed to be caused by concentration polarization phenamena. The number and the lengths of microcracks increase with increase in solution temperature, so they lead to the decrease in corrosion fatigue life.

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AC Loss Characteristic in the Fault Current Limiting Elements of a Coil Type (코일형 한류소자의 교류손실 특성)

  • Ryu, Kyung-Woo;Ma, Yong-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.370-374
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    • 2005
  • AC loss of a superconducting conductor has a strong influence on the economic viability of a superconducting fault current limiter, which offers an attractive means to limit short circuit current in power systems. Therefore, the AC loss characteristics in several fault current limiting elements of a coil type have been investigated experimentally. The test result shows that AC losses measured in the fault current limiting elements depend on arrangement of a voltage lead. The AC loss of a bifilar coil is smallest among the fault current limiting elements of the coil type. The measured AC loss of the bifilar coil is much smaller than that calculated from Norris's elliptical model. However, the loss measured in a meander, which is frequently used in a resistive fault current limiter, agrees well to the theoretical one.

Evaluation on Clamping Force of High Strength Bolts By Coating Parameters of Faying Surfaces (고력볼트 접합부표면의 방식도장변수에 따른 체결력 평가)

  • Nah, Hwan Seon;Lee, Hyeon Ju
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.48-55
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    • 2012
  • Clamping force of a high strength bolt is reduced by a certain period of time after the initial set-up. In case of special treatments on faying surfaces such as protective coating, clamping force is relaxed more severely. Tests for slip critical joints subject to various faying surface parameters were conducted. Five different surface treatments were tested including mill scale surface, blast surface, rust surface and coated surfaces. Each specimen was composed of F10T M20 of high strength bolts and steel plates. Based on the result of slip coefficient test, blast treatment surface showed 0.59, rust treatment surface showed 0.54 and inorganic zinc treatment surface exhibited 0.44. Clean mill treatment surface and red lead paint treatment surface were 0.23, 0.21 respectively. It is identified that the slip coefficient in Korean structural design guide should be determined for various surface conditions. Subsequently from long term relaxation test of ASTM A 490 high strength bolts, relaxation of no-coated surfaces such as blast, clean mill, rust treatment, the loss of initial clamping load was 10.5%, 13.6% and 7.9% for 1,000 hours, while the loss of initial clamping force was reached as 15.0%, 18.7% more than the required redundancy 10% in case of inorganic zinc and red lead painted treatment. It is required that the limit of relaxation on coated faying surface should be established separately for various surfaces.

Comparison of Methods for Measuring Histamine by ELISA and HPLC-MS Assay In Vitro (In Vitro에서 히스타민 측정 시 ELISA법과 HPLC-MS 분석법의 비교)

  • Lee, In Hee;Kim, Yoo Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.306-312
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    • 2015
  • The measurement of histamine is to determine the degree of allergy because the allergic reaction can lead to the release of histamine. In general, the antigen-antibody reaction was quantified by measuring absorbance using a microplate reader. In this study, we compare the method using a general antigen-antibody reaction and the method using a high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS) of chemical analysis in the measurement of histamine secretion. The cell line used was RBL-2H3, an allergic reaction was induced by stimulation with C48/80 (compound 48/80). Allergy-induced cells degranulation rate was confirmed by measurement of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase and cytotoxicity was performed for the validity of the experiment. The quantitative determination of histamine showed a significant difference, since the quantitative limit of the measurement by the antigen-antibody reaction was 10.257 ppm while the quantitative limit of the measurement by HPLC-MS was 0.020 ppm. Measurement of histamine in allergic activity and anti-allergy tests showed that the HPLC-MS analysis rather than the analysis of the antigen-antibody reaction is a more precise and accurate test.

A Study of Factors Affecting the Grid-test (X선격자 성능시험에 미치는 인자의 검토)

  • Lee, In-Ja;Shin, Wha-Soo;Kim, Chang-Kyun;Huh, Joon;Kang, Hong-Seok;Park, Jun-Chul;Yoon, Chul-Ho
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.61-67
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    • 1987
  • Authors tested the grid functions with various thickness of acryl phantom, radiation field size and diameter of shielding lead. The results are as followed: 1. The characteristic values of grid are affected by phantom thickness, but free from radiation field size in the diagnostic useful range. 2. The quantity of scattered radiation was decreased according to the diameter of shielding lead under 20mm, and then the diameter the smaller the better, in accordance with proposed KS standard. 3. The quantity of primary radiation was increased a little at the 80mm diameter radiation field size, but did not have much differences. Therefore, it was thought that it is needed to limit beam size in case of absolute values in accordance with any standards, but it has no matter to use 100 mm diameter in case of relative values just to campare with.

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Immobilization of Lead in Contaminated Soil by Ekectrokinetic Remediation and Adsorbent (흡착재와 Electrokinetic 기법을 이용한 납 오염토의 고정화)

  • Han Sang-Jae;Kim Byung-Il;Lee Goon-Taek;Kim Soo-Sam
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2005
  • This study applied EK method to remediate contaminated soil by lead (Pb), tried increasing efficiency of remediation using adsorbent (apatite and zeolite) as enhanced EK remediation method to overcome the limit of traditional EK remediation method. Adsorption tests on Pb were practiced to extract EK, making different concentration of contaminated soil, voltage condition, operating time etc., transferring Pb-ion into the position of adsorbent, then tried immobilization. On this results, the efficiency of remediation is different on its test conditions. In addition, the efficiency of remediation was not only improved by adding electrode revεrsal and install position of adsorbent but also satisfied TCLP regulation of EPA in USA through the whole sample range. Finally, absorption and immobilization capacity of apatite and zeolite proved on its excellence and confirmed the possibility of application of apatite and zeolite as enhanced EK remediation method.

Tunnel Pressure acting on Shallow Tunnel in Unconsolidated Ground (미고결 저토피 터널에 작용하는 토압에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jae-Ho;Akutagawa, Shinish;Kim, Young-Su;Moon, Hong-Duk
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.17 no.6
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    • pp.453-463
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    • 2007
  • Terzaghi's tunnel pressure theory is generally used to estimate primary design pressures on tunnel support for shield and urban NATM tunnels until now. A trial is made in this paper to investigate the interaction between the ground deformation behavior and Terzaghi's tunnel pressure, which assumes pound's limit (or critical) state, by considering results of 'Terzaghi's tunnel pressure theory. two-dimensional reduced-scale model tunnel tests and nonlinear numerical analysis based on strain softening modeling. A full understanding between tunnel pressure and ground deformation behavior under the tunnel excavation and an effective utilization of this interaction lead to an economical tunnel support design and a safe construction of tunnel.

A Study on the Radiation Shielding Analysis for Reinforcing the Hot Cell Regular Concrete Shield Wall (핫셀의 일반 콘크리트 보강을 위한 방사선 차폐해석 연구)

  • 조일제;황용화
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2003.05a
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    • pp.985-990
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    • 2003
  • In order to demonstrate Advanced Spent Fuel Conditioning Process (ACP), shielding facilities such as hot cell suitable to handling radionuclides and process property will be necessary. But the construction of new facilities needs much money, man-power and time, it is now scheduled to remodel the hot cell, which has already been installed and maintained at Irradiated Material Experiment Facility (IMEF) in the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). The basic structure and concrete shield wall of hot cell partly have been constructed on the base floor in IMEF building in current status. And hot cell after remodeling will be used for carrying out the lab-scale experiment of ACP. The hot cell was built in accordance with 35 curies of fe-59(1.2 MeV) as design criteria of radiation dose limit. But the radioactive source of ACP is expected to be much higher than design criteria of IMEF, shielding ability of the hot cell in the current status is unsatisfactory to the hot test of ACP. Therefore shield wall shall be reinforced with heavy concrete, steel or lead. In this paper, dose rates are calculated according to ACP source, shielding materials, etc., and reinforcement structures are determined considering the current situation of hot cells, installation of shield windows and the easiness of work.

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Test turnaround Time for Complete Blood Cell Count using Delta and Panic Value Checks and the Q-flag Limit

  • Koo, Bon-Kyung;Ryu, Kwang-Hyun;Lim, Dae-Jin;Cho, Young-Kuk;Kim, Hee-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.66-74
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    • 2012
  • Test turnaround time (TAT) is the lead time from reception to reporting. In the complete blood cell count (CBC), 4 units of the XE-2100 (Sysmex Corp., Japan) processed around 80% of quantity, 1 unit of the LH-780 (Beckman-Coulter Incorp., USA) processed around 10% and 1 unit of ADVIA-2120 (Siemens AG, Munich, Germany) processed around 10%. We analyzed the change in the TAT for the CBC for over 7 years, from January of 2005 to December of 2011. The delta check made alterations of delta to WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet and metamyelocyte, however, did not made them to band neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil and monocyte. The panic value check made alterations of panic value to hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet and monocyte. In the criteria of currently slide review, LH-780 and ADVI-2120 analyzers prepared suspect flags of "Blast, Imm NE2, Immature granulocyte, Imm NE1, Left shift, Variant lymphocyte, Atypical lymphocyte, Platelet clumps and NRBC". The New slide review in the XE-2100 analyzer altered the preparations of a smear slide more than a "Platelet clumps flag(${\geq}200unit$), a single flag excluding the "Platelet clumps flag (${\geq}250unit$) and a multiple flag (${\geq}200unit$)". Also, below the 240 unit, medical technologists prepared manual slides selectively according to their evaluations. The automatic reporting rate was 33.4% without alterations, whereas it was 41.0% without alterations, and was thus improved by 7.6%. The slide review rate was 15.2% before using the Q-flag limit, whereas it was 12.1% for a reduce 3.1%. TAT was 45 minutes without the creation alterations of the delta and panic value checks, whereas it was 35 minutes after making alterations of the delta and panic value checks and thus was shortened by 10 minutes. We came to the conclusion that the establishment and operation of delta and panic value checks and slide review criteria suitable for laboratory environment can reduce unnecessary smear slides, re-checking, re-sampling, re-testing, telephone inquiries and concentrated workloads during specific times of the day.

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Development of a Short-term Failure Assessment of High Density Polyethylene Pipe Welds - Application of the Limit Load Analysis - (고밀도 폴리에틸렌 융착부에 대한 단기간 파손 평가법 개발 - 한계하중 적용 -)

  • Ryu, Ho-Wan;Han, Jae-Jun;Kim, Yun-Jae;Kim, Jong-Sung;Kim, Jeong-Hyeon;Jang, Chang-Heui
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.405-413
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    • 2015
  • In the US, the number of cases of subterranean water contamination from tritium leaking through a damaged buried nuclear power plant pipe continues to increase, and the degradation of the buried metal piping is emerging as a major issue. A pipe blocked from corrosion and/or degradation can lead to loss of cooling capacity in safety-related piping resulting in critical issues related to the safety and integrity of nuclear power plant operation. The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes Committee (BPVC) has recently approved Code Case N-755 that describes the requirements for the use of polyethylene (PE) pipe for the construction of Section III, Division 1 Class 3 buried piping systems for service water applications in nuclear power plants. This paper contains tensile and slow crack growth (SCG) test results for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe welds under the environmental conditions of a nuclear power plant. Based on these tests, the fracture surface of the PENT specimen was analyzed, and the fracture mechanisms of each fracture area were determined. Finally, by using 3D finite element analysis, limit loads of HDPE related to premature failure were verified.