• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.1167-1173
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• 2009

상황버섯균주를 이용한 생물전환법으로 만들어진 바이오플라본의 항고지혈 활성에 따른 인체 외삽 적용을 위한 최소량을 살펴보고자 실험동물을 정상식이군(NO), 고지방 식이군(CO) 및 바이오플라본 식이첨가군(BFP-0.35, 0.7, 3.0)으로 나눈 후 8주간 사육하였다. 바이오플라본 첨가 식이는 실험동물에 식이섭취량을 감소시키고 체중의 증가를 억제 시켰으며, 장기 무게에 있어서도 간장과 복부지방에 있어서도 CO군에 비해 유의적으로 감소함을 확인할 수 있었다(p<0.05). 또한 총콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤, 중성지방 및 AI는 감소시키는데 반해 HDL-콜레스테롤은 증가하였다. 그리고 간 조직 손상정도를 나타내는 ALT 및 AST 효소에 있어서도 10% 이상의 효소감소 효과를 나타내었다. 이상과 같이 바이오플라본에는 고지혈로 야기되는 성인병 및 동맥경화지수를 감소시키는 생리활성 성분이 있는 것을 알 수 있으며 특히 모든 실험결과를 종합하였을 때 바이오플라본 0.35%, 0.7%, 3.0% 농도 중 3% 바이오플라본 첨가군에서 가장 큰 고지혈 감소 및 예방 효과를 나타내었다. 이로서 동물 실험 결과를 이용한 사람에게로의 외삽은 3% 농도로 제품을 개발하는 것이 효과적이라 사료된다. 또한 위의 결과를 바탕으로 바이오플라본이 항고지혈과 관련한 식품소재로서의 사용에 대한 가능성을 제시하는 바이다.

• 복식
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• 제29권
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• pp.5-22
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• 1996

the present thesis aims to contribute to the further development of the men's wear indus-try in Korea which now confronts the need to adjust itself more actively to the conditions of the coming age of internationalization and free trade. To achieve this this thesis suggests the trade should provide for the changing domestic needs on theone hand and refine its wares as high value-added products in compe-tition with those from the advanced countries in fashion industry on the other, The history of the 'suit' the standard men's attire dates back to 1850 when the 'Ditto suit' was introduced composed of coat waist coat vest and trousers to remain virtually unchanged till the end of the nineteenth cen-tury and the modern men's wear originated in Britain. In Korea since the introduction of western clothes from 1876 custom-made suits had been dominant until 1944 while western clothes earned popular currency between 1945 and 1964 and ready-made suits began to spread with their advantages recognized in terms of practicality convenience and functionality The next phase from 1965 to 1985 witnessed the establishment of a number of ready-made brands although custom-made suits stayed in their height of prosperity until 1975. The turn-ing point for the men's wear industry came in 1975 when high-calss ready-made brands be-gan to turn up with the arrival of large companies in the market matching the change in consumers' life style. The men's wear market went through further diversification and specialization dur-ing the years between 1985. and 1990. Around the year 1990 however the expansion of the business suit industry came to slow down ac-companied by an oversupplied market. The fashion of pragmatism in the 1990s called for the growth of the casual wear department and as consumers' life style became more and more individualized conscious dressing in accord ance with T.P.O established itself as an important branch of culture, Such casual boom is likely to aid in promoting Korea's men's wear indus-try to peer with that of advanced countries. Consumers' fashion sense is now ahead of the trade's as well as being shortcycled highly individualized stylized and diversified. To meet consumers' demands under such circum-stances each company is required to develop its unique soft Know How based on accurate information and strategically specialized plan-ning. The trade should convert its hithero producer-oriented strategy to a new consumer oriented one and actively lead the needs and purchasin g pattern of consumers by providing an efficient and reasonable price policy with optimum supply of merchandise and also by presenting 'our' trend suited to our circum-stances.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제13권1호통권38호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2006

Si-웨이퍼와 FR-4 기판을 상온에서 초음파 접합한 후, 접합부의 신뢰성을 평가하였다. Si-웨이퍼 상의 UBM(Under Bump Metallization)은 위에서부터 Cu/ Ni/ Al을 각각 $0.4{\mu}m,\;0.4{\mu}m,\;0.3{\mu}m$의 두께로 전자빔으로 증착하였다. FR-4 기판위의 패드는 위에서부터 Au/ Ni/ Cu를 각각 $0.05{\mu}m,\;5{\mu}m,\;18{\mu}m$의 두께로 전해 도금하여 형성하였다. 접합용 솔도로는 Sn-3.5wt%Ag을 두께 $100{\mu}m$으로 압연하여 사용하였다. 시편의 초음파 접합을 위하여 초음파 접합 시간을 0.5초에서 3.0초까지 0.5초 단위로 증가시키면서 상온에서 접합하였으며, 이 때 출력은 1,400W로 하였다. 실험 결과, 상온 초음파 접합법에 의해 신뢰성 있는 'Si-웨이퍼/솔더/FR-4기판' 접합부를 얻을 수 있었다. 접합부의 전단 강도는 접합 시간에 따라 증가하여 접합 시간 2.5초에서 65N으로 가장 높게 측정되었다. 이 후 접합 시간 3.0초에서는 전단 강도가 34N으로 감소하였는데, 이는 초음파 접합시간이 과도해지면서 Si-웨이퍼와 솔더 사이의 계면을 따라 균열이 발생되었기 때문으로 판단된다. 초음파 접합에 의해 Si-웨이퍼와 솔더 사이에서 생성된 금속간 화합물은 ($(Cu,Ni)_{6}Sn_{5}$)으로 확인되었다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 Sn-0.7Cu-xZn 무연솔더와 OSP 표면처리 된 솔더접합부의 전단강도를 Zn 함유량에 따라 평가하였다. 다섯 종류의 Sn-0.7Cu-xZn (x=0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 wt.%) 솔더페이스트를 제작한 뒤, OSP(organic solderability preservative) 표면처리 한 PCB(printed circuit board) 기판의 전극에 리플로우 공정으로 180 um 직경의 솔더볼을 형성하였다. 전단강도는 두 가지 조건의 전단속도(0.01, 0.1 m/s)로 고속전단시험(high speed shear test)을 통해 측정하였고, 고속전단시험 시에 측정된 F-x(Force-distance) curve를 통해 파괴에너지(fracture energy)를 계산하였다, SEM(주사전자현미경, scanning electron microscopy)과 EDS(energy dispersive spectroscopy) 분석을 통하여 단면과 파단면을 관찰하였고, 금속간 화합물(intermetallic compound, IMC) 층을 분석하였다. Zn 함유량이 증가함에 따라 금속간 화합물 층의 두께는 감소하였고, Zn 함유량이 0.5 wt.%일 때 가장 높은 전단 강도(shear strength)를 나타내었다. 전체적으로 높은 전단속도 조건의 전단강도 값이 낮은 전단속도 조건의 전단강도보다 높았다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.408-422
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• 2013

논문은 최근의 학문적 성과들을 바탕으로 아시아 지역의 자본주의 다양성과 비즈니스 시스템에 대한 논의를 담고 있다. 본 논문의 목적은 참고 문헌들을 통해 국가의 역할과 경제 지리의 성격을 규명하여 라오스와 캄보디아의 자본주의적 다양성을 살펴보는 것이다. 따라서 영토가 경제 권력을 어떻게 재조직하는 요인으로 작용해왔는지에 대한 질문과 라오스와 캄보디아가 국가 자본주의와 베이징-서울-도쿄 합의에 의해 어떻게 변화하고 있는지에 대한 질문에 대답하고자 한다. 두 국가 간의 비교 분석은 라오스의 국가에 의해 조정되는 Frontier Capitalism과 캄보디아의 세습적 과두 체제 간의 차이를 규명한다. 라오스는 지역적으로 자본주의적 다양성이 발현된다. 공간적인 제약이 약한 캄보디아의 과두적 집권층은 상대적으로 시장의 기능에 주목하지만 기회의 균등이라는 면에서는 완전한 자유 시장을 지향하고 있지는 않다. 본 연구의 연구 결과들은 실증적, 이론적 두 가지 관점 모두에서 아시아의 자본주의에 대한 후속 연구의 가능성들을 제기한다. 향후의 연구는 중소 기업의 역할에 대해 고려해야 할 것이며 이론들은 과두제와 개인적, 가족적 자본주의를 통합하여야 한다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.14-17
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• 2014

In this study, lead-free Piezoelectric $(Na_{0.47}K_{0.47}Sr_{0.03}Ca_{0.03})(Nb_{0.94}Ti_{0.06})O_3$-0.1 $MnO_2$ ceramics were fabricated using mixed oxide method and the effects of various sintering temperature on the structural and electrical properties were investigated. For the $(Na_{0.47}K_{0.47}Sr_{0.03}Ca_{0.03})(Nb_{0.94}Ti_{0.06})O_3$-0.1 $MnO_2$ (NKN-SCT-$MnO_2$) ceramics sintered at temperatures of $1,025{\sim}1,100^{\circ}C$. The results indicated that all specimens were perovskite single phase formation without any second phase. It has been shown that relative density is increased to increasing sintering temperature. When the sintered temperature at $1,075^{\circ}C$, highest sintered density and maximum value of $4.45g/cm^3$. Average grain size is increased to increasing sintering temperature. The electromechanical coupling factor, dielectric constant, dielectric loss, d33 and curie temperature at the sintering temperature $1,075^{\circ}C$ of NKN-SCT-$MnO_2$ specimens were 0.22, 511, 0.033, 103 and $380^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제14호
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• pp.87-124
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• 2012

This paper focuses on the social implication of new media art, which has evolved with the advance of technology. To understand the notion of human-computer interactivity in media art, it examines the meaning of "cybernetics" theory invented by Norbert Wiener just after WWII, who provided "control and communication" as central components of his theory of messages. It goes on to investigate the application of cybernetics theory onto art since the 1960s, to which Roy Ascott made a significant contribution by developing telematic art, utilizing the network of telecommunication. This paper underlines the significance of the relationship between human and machine, art and technology in transforming the work of art as a site of communication and experience. The interactivity in new media art transforms the viewer into the user of the work, who is now provided free will to make decisions on his or her action with the work. The artist is no longer a godlike figure who determines the meaning of the work, yet becomes another user of his or her own work, with which to interact. This paper believes that the interaction between man and machine, art and technology can lead to various ways of interaction between humans, thereby restoring a sense of community while liberating humans from conventional limitations on their creativity. This paper considers the development of new media art more than a mere invention of new aesthetic styles employing advanced technology. Rather, new media art provides a critical shift in subverting the modernist autonomy that advocates the medium specificity. New media art envisions a new art, which would embrace impurity into art, allowing the coexistence of autonomy and heteronomy, embracing a technological other, thereby expanding human relations. By enabling the birth of the user in experiencing the work, interactive new media art produces an open arena, in which the user can create the work while communicating with the work and other users. The user now has freedom to visit the work, to take a journey on his or her own, and to make decisions on what to choose and what to do with the work. This paper contends that there is a significant parallel between new media artists' interest in creating new experiences of the art and Jacques Ranci$\grave{e}$re's concept of the aesthetic regime of art. In his argument for eliminating hierarchy in art and for embracing impurity, Ranci$\grave{e}$re provides a vision for art, which is related to life and ultimately reshapes life. Ranci$\grave{e}$re's critique of both formalist modernism and Jean-Francois Lyotard's postmodern view underlines the social implication of new media art practices, which seek to form "the common of a community."

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권11호
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• pp.490-495
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• 2013

Purpose: The use of cyclosporine and mini-dose methotrexate (MTX) is a common strategy for graftversus- host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in allogeneic transplants. We investigated whether patients who receive fewer than the planned MTX doses are at increased risk for GVHD. Methods: The study cohort included 103 patients who received allogeneic transplants at the Department of Pediatrics of The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, from January 2010 to December 2011. MTX was administered on days 1, 3, 6, and 11 after transplant at a dose of 5 $mg/m^2$ each. Within the cohort, 76 patients (74%) received all 4 doses of MTX [MTX(4) group], while 27 patients (26%) received 0-3 doses [MTX(0-3) group]. Results: Although there was no difference in neutrophil engraftment between the 2 groups, platelet engraftment was significantly faster in the MTX(4) group (median, 15 days), compared to the MTX(0- 3) group (median, 25 days; P =0.034). The incidence of grades II-IV acute GVHD was not different between the MTX(4) and MTX(0-3) groups (P =0.417). In the multivariate study, human leukocyte antigen mismatch was the most significant factor causing grades II-IV acute GVHD (P =0.002), followed by female donor to male recipient transplant (P =0.034). No difference was found between the MTX(4) and MTX (0-3) groups regarding grades III-IV acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, and disease-free survival. Conclusion: Our results indicate that deviations from the full dose schedule of MTX for GVHD prophylaxis do not lead to increased incidence of either acute or chronic GVHD.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.139-161
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• 2002

This study investigates the characteristics of Nordic sweaters works from a historical perspective. Specifically, this study deals with the following research topics: 1) development of Nordic sweaters, 2) the characteristics of Nordic sweaters industry according to the change of times, 3) the comparison of local knitting patterns, 4) the symbolic meaning of the designs in the Nordic sweaters and patterns. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. Knitted work developed mostly in Northern Europe, a cold area, and the barren, mountainous coastal areas where people frequently used woolen materials for clothes. It was also developed in Scandinavian regions which lead the fashion in modern days. Scandinavian knitting techniques have been diffused into the east coast of England and Northern Europe by Vikings. 2. Scandinavian countries are distinguished from other countries by their conservative but creative cultural tradition. Their knitting patterns are characterized by small geometric figures such as dots, triangles, squares, rhombuses, and crosses used often with stars and roses. Scandinavian knitting is also salient for its vertical stripes and simple motifs repeating at short intervals. 1) Norway ; Simple and geometric Norwegian patterns are classified into three groups of motifs: (a) the motifs of cross, diamond, X, and swastika (equation omitted). (b) the motifs of human figures, animals and birds, (c) floral motifs (especially eight-petal roses). Their use of color is also simple, and is limited to more than two colors. (2) Sweden ; Swedish patterns are colorful and geometric. They are characterized by features such as brocade, complex embroidery, and contrast of red and black colors. They also show Guernsey patterns. Initials and production years were knitted in sweaters which have different patterns in their trunks and sleeves. 3) Denmark ; The Danish pattern is the purl stitch knitted against the stockinette stitch. The technique is used to copy woven damask motifs. The patterns are seen most clearly when they are knit with smooth yarn. The Faeroe sweaters are the representative work of Danish knitting. Faeroe knitting, incorporates stranded pattern and is knit in the round, either with circular needles. 4) Finland ; Finnish patterns are similar to Norwegian patterns. Finnish knitted work show very colorful, variety and free-flowing geometric patterns. 5) Iceland ; Icelandic knitting shows original ribbon pattern. Lope sweater is the representative work. 3. The traditional knitting patterns not only carried symbolic meanings but also served as means of communication. First of all, patterns had incantatory meanings. Patterns were symbolic of one's social standing, too. The colors, motifs and their arrangements were very important features symbolizing one's social position or family line. People often communicated by certain pieces of knitted work or patterns. In short, the knitted work in the Nordic sweaters served the function of admiring the beauty of nature and symbolizing various meanings. The unique designs and colors of the knitted work reflected the characteristics of the culture those works belonged to. This study also turns our attention to the issue of how the traditional colors and designs of the knitted work can contribute to the development of modern designs, and by doing so, if makes us realize the importance of knitted works in modern society.

• 의료법학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.133-173
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• 2011

Since mid-1960s the reports from the Surgeon General, the World Health Organization, and other health experts state that there is no risk-free level exposure to smoking and secondhand smoke. Tobacco smoke is made up of more than 7,000 chemicals. Hundreds are toxic, and at least 70 are carcinogens. The chemicals in tobacco smoke reach smoker's lungs quickly every time smoker inhale causing damages immediately. Inhaling even the smallest amount of tobacco smoke can also damage smoker's DNA, which can lead to cancers. Smoking is responsible for more than 87% of lung cancers, but there are a host of other chronic diseases directly related to exposure to tobacco smoke. It's also a major cause of heart disease, stroke, aortic aneurysm, peripheral arterial disease and most of the other diseases. In the United States, each year with more than from 440,000 to 520,000 deaths caused by smoking and exposure to involuntary smoke. They conclude that smoking is the single most important source of preventable morbidity and mortality. The United States of America have about 60-year history of tobacco litigation. Tobacco litigation has been an important tool in tobacco control strategies aimed at limiting the activities of tobacco companies and providing redress to people who have become ill as a result of their use of tobacco products. Tobacco litigation is a kind of tort litigation. Quite often, as in the asbestos and other mass tort litigation episodes, tobacco litigation can play an educational role, warning the public about the magnitude of health risks that might otherwise be less clearly perceived. Tobacco litigation allows smokers, their families or other victims of smoking to sue tobacco companies in order to be compensated for the harm they have suffered. Potential benefits of tobacco litigation include compensation for smoking-related damages, strengthening regulatory activity, publicity, documents disclosure and changing tobacco industry behavior. And also tobacco litigation can limit the political activities of tobacco industry, protect human rights of smokers and non-smokers, increase burden to tobacco price-up and enhance the effects of law and politics in public health.