• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2016.07a
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• pp.309-310
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• 2016

Sealed flooded lead acid batteries are becoming popular in the industry because of their low cost as compared to their counterparts. State of Charge (SOC) estimation has always been an important factor in battery management systems. For the accurate SOC estimation, open circuit voltage (OCV) hysteresis should be modelled accurately. The hysteresis phenomenon of the sealed flooded lead acid battery is discussed in detail and its ultimate modeling is proposed based on the conventional parallelogram method. The SOC estimation is performed by using Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) while the parameters of the battery are estimated using Auto Regressive with external input (ARX) method. The validity of the proposed method is verified by the experimental results. The SOC estimation error by the proposed method is less than 3 % all wing the 125hr test.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.23 no.2 s.179
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• pp.81-87
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• 2006

This study has been focused on the analysis of high speed shear forming process for lead-acid battery grids. The grid plays an important role of electrical charge. It is necessary to ensure the best battery's performance that the grid should have a best quality. The clearance between punch and die, the velocity of punch and the critical damage value are very important parameters for making a good grid form. The finite element analysis of the shear forming process is carried out by measuring and optimizing these three important parameters. The result of this study concludes that these parameters has a great influence on grid quality.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.123-130
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• 2020

Nano seed incorporated in micro-sized 4BS (Tetrabasic lead Sulfate) seed was applied to the positive electrode active material and compared with Nano 4BS seed (NS). The dispersion of NS decreased due to the aggregation phenomenon, while the nano seed incorporated in micro-sized 4BS seed (INS) could confirm excellent dispersion. As the content of INS increased, the particle size of the active material became small and constant, which was confirmed through SEM and particle size analysis. The specific surface area for the reaction was increased and the high-rate discharge and lifetime characteristics were improved. In order to confirm the variation in particle size distribution in the plate manufacturing process, internal resistance and voltage were measured for 200 AGM lead-acid batteries, and it was confirmed that batteries quality variation decreased.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2024

Recently, secondary batteries, commonly known as rechargeable batteries, find widespread applications across various industries. Particularly valued for their compact and lightweight characteristics, they play a crucial role in diverse portable electronic devices such as smartphones, laptops, and tablets, offering high energy density and efficient charge-discharge capabilities. Moreover, they serve as vital components in electric vehicles and contribute significantly to the field of renewable energy as part of Energy Storage Systems(ESS). However, despite advancements in this technology, issues such as reduced lifespan, cracking, damage, and even the risk of fire can arise due to excessive charging and discharging of secondary batteries. To address these challenges, Battery Management System(BMS) are employed to protect against overcharging and improve overall performance. Nevertheless, understanding the protective range settings of BMS using lithium-ion batteries, the most commonly used secondary batteries, and lead-acid batteries can be challenging. Therefore, this paper aims to utilize a battery charge-discharge tester and simulator to investigate the charging and discharging characteristics of lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid batteries, addressing the associated challenges of reduced lifespan, cracking, damage, and fire hazards in secondary batteries.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2013.07a
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• pp.317-318
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• 2013

State-of-Charge (SOC) is one of the most important indicators for the battery management system. Thus its precise estimation is crucial not only for effectively utilizing the energy but also preventing critical situations from happening to the powertrain of the vehicle. However, lead-acid battery is time-variant and highly nonlinear, and the hysteresis phenomenon causes large errors in estimating SOC. This paper proposes a novel SOC estimation technique for the lead-acid battery by using Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) considering hysteresis effect. The validity of the proposed technique is verified through the experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.127-133
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• 2008

This paper presents the battery management system(BMS) for the optimum conditions of the lead-Acid battery in UPS. The proposed system control the currents and voltages of battery for optimum conditions to estimate the State Of Charge(SOC) in charge or discharge mode. It proved the performance and the algorithm for the estimation of SOC, through the experiments which using the charge and discharge tester and the field tests.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.225-233
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• 2021

Conventional submarine propulsion batteries have mainly used lead acid batteries, which have proved relatively safe, but in recent years, research on mounting lithium-ion batteries to improve the underwater operation capability of submarines is underway in advanced countries such as Japan. Korea has world-class technology in the development of electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries for energy storage, but fire safety accidents continue to occur in electric vehicles and energy storage lithium-ion batteries. In order to mount the lithium-ion battery in a submarine, it is necessary to check the safety as well as whether the performance is improved compared to the lead acid battery. Through the charge/discharge experiment of this lithium-ion battery module unit, it was possible to measure how much performance was improved compared to the lead acid battery. Safety tests were conducted on the lithium-ion battery module assuming that it was mounted on a submarine, and it was confirmed that safety was secured when applied to a submarine. Since many modules are mounted on actual submarines, it has been confirmed that it can be applied to submarine systems by simulating charge/discharge characteristics through Hardware-in-the Loop(HILS). Through the results of this study, the application of lithium-ion batteries to submarines is expected to significantly improve the sustainability of underwater operations.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2561-2567
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• 2018

The extension of DC battery backup time in the DC power supply system of nuclear power plants (NPPs) remains a challenge. The lead-acid battery is the most popular at present. And it is generally the most popular energy storage device. However, extension of backup time requires too much space. The lithium-ion battery has high energy density and advanced gravimetric and volumetric properties. The aim of this paper is development of the sizing formula of stationary lithium-ion batteries. The ongoing research activities and related industrial standards for stationary lithium-ion batteries are reviewed. Then, the lithium-ion battery sizing calculation formular is proposed for the establishment of industrial design standard which is essential for the design of stationary batteries of nuclear power plants. An example of calculating the lithium-ion battery capacity for a medium voltage UPS is presented.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2015

We found that we could manage the crystal size of active material by controlling the temperature on curing procedure which is one of the process to produce lead acid battery. The active material causes to improve initial efficiency and durability for the batteries. 3BS from the active materials after curing process is better for initial efficiency. 4BS is not good for the initial efficiency but is better than 3BS in durability by 48%. Accroding to our test results of DOD17.5% life test which is for evaluating of automobile applied ISG system, it is not suitable for flooded lead acid battery which is used for the normal automobil but it is proper to AGM lead acid battery.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1989.07a
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• pp.277-283
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• 1989

For the battery energy storage system (BESS), battery is one of most important parts. Various new type batteries for load shifting are under developing. The lead acid battery technology status such as structure, charge and discharge characteristics, life cycle etc. is reviewed and research trend is also introduced.