• 연구논문집
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• 통권31호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2001

These days, interest in the leaching of hazardous heavy metals to consist of incinerator fly ash is increasing, because the heavy metals that leach from the incinerator fly ash pollute the soil and ground water. Therefore this study was undertaken to crystallize the fly ash and prevent the leaching of hazardous heavy metals from fly ash. The concentrations and the leaching concentration of hazardous heavy metals(Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Zn) in the law incinerator fly ash have been measured. The fly ash was melted with two kinds of flux($Na_2CO_3, CaCO_3$) and its add quantity(0, 1, 2, 3 wt%). The crystal structure of melting materials was analyzed by SEM(Scaning Electron Microscope) and X-RD(X-Ray Diffractometer). The leaching test of melting materials was undertaken. And the relation between crystallization of melting materials and flux and leaching concentration. These experiments indicate that the concentration and leaching concentration of heavy metals in incinerator fly ash was much higher than the regulatory standard for leachates in Korea and U.S.A and average concentration of heavy metals in soil. And the crystal structure was better.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.584-594
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• 1996

본 연구에서는 고령토 침출용액으로부터 고순도의 염화알루미늄 결정을 분리하고자 침출용액의 용존 염화알루미늄의 농도, 결정화 온도 및 염소가스 주입속도 등의 결정화 조건이 염화알루미늄 결정의 순도에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다. 결정의 순도는 침출용액의 염화 알루미늄의 과포화 농도 수준에 크게 영향을 받았다. 결정화의 조건에 따라 염화알루미늄의 과포화 농도가 낮게 형성되면 철이온의 함유가 낮은 고순도의 염화알루미늄 결정이 생성되었다. 침출용액 내의 과포화 농도 수준은 용액 내의 용존 염화알루미늄의 농도, 염산 농도, 결정화 온도 등에 의해 결정되었다. 그러나 이와 같은 결정화 조건의 변화에도 불구하고 염화알루미늄의 결정 모양은 침상형으로 일정하게 나타났다. 고령토 침출용액의 염산농도 측정을 위하여 Shank [9]가 제시한 Oxalate 적정법을 적용하였으며 고령토 침출용액과 같은 다성분 이온 용액에서도 정확한 염산 농도 측정이 이루어질 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.208-217
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• 2014

Leaf litter is the main and quick source of organic matter and nutrient to the soil compared to other parts of litter. This study focused on the nutrients (N, P and K) leaching from leaf litter of Melia azadirachta, Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Swietenia macrophylla, Mangifera indica, Zizyphus jujuba, Litchi chinensis, Albizia saman, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Acacia auriculiformis, Dalbergia sissoo and Khaya anthotheca as the common cropland agroforest tree species of Bangladesh. About (9 to 35) % of initial mass was lost, while Electric Conductivity (EC) and TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) of leaching water increased to (573 to 3,247) ${\mu}S/cm$ and (401 to 2,307) mg/l respectively after 192 hours of leaching process. Mass loss (%) of leaf litter, EC and TDS of leaching water showed significant (ANOVA, p<0.05) curvilinear relationship with leaching time. Initial concentration of NH4, PO4 and K in leaching water was found to increase significantly (p<0.05) up to 48/72 hours and then remained almost constant at later stages (48/72 to 192 hours). Mass loss of leaves; EC, TDS, $NH_4$, $PO_4$ and K in leaching water was varied also significantly (ANOVA, p<0.05) among the studied tree species. All the tree species showed similar pattern of nutrients (K>N>P) release during the leaching process. The highest $NH_4$ (4,097 ppm) and potassium (8,904 ppm) concentration was found for M. azadirachta while the highest $PO_4$ (1,331 ppm) concentration was found for E. camaldulensis in the leaching water. Among the studied tree species, M. azadirachta, A. indica, D. sissoo, E. camaldulensis and Z. jujuba was selected as the best tree species with respect to nutrient leaching.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.372-378
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• 2016

This study focuses on the development of an alkaline leaching hydrometallurgy process for the recovery of tungsten from WC/Co hardmetal sludge, and an examination of the effect of the process parameters on tungsten recovery. The alkaline leaching hydrometallurgy process has four stages, i.e., oxidation of the sludge, leaching of tungsten by NaOH, refinement of the leaching solution, and precipitation of tungsten. The WC/Co hardmetal sludge oxide consists of $WO_3$ and $CoWO_4$. The leaching of tungsten is most affected by the leaching temperature, followed by the NaOH concentration and the leaching time. About 99% of tungsten in the WC/Co hardmetal sludge is leached at temperatures above $90^{\circ}C$ and a NaOH concentration above 15%. For refinement of the leaching solution, pH control of the solution using HCl is more effective than the addition of $Na_2S{\cdot}9H_2O$. The tungsten is precipitated as high-purity $H_2WO_4{\cdot}H_2O$ by pH control using HCl. With decreasing pH of the solution, the tungsten recovery rate increases and then decrease. About 93% of tungsten in the WC/Co hardmetal sludge is recovered by the alkaline leaching hydrometallurgy process.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.206-209
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• 2001

This study presents the leaching characterization of heavy metals according to changes of pH by ANC test on slag produced in electric arc furnace, bottom ash produced in coal-fired plants and their recycling products. Availability test was performed to assess the fraction of the total concentration that under worst environmental conditions could become available for leaching. TCLP, KLT(Korea Leaching Test) and KLTS(Korea Leaching Test of Soil contamination) were carried out to compare the leaching capacity and to estimate the adequacy of regulatory leaching test. Results from regulatory leaching tests could be misleading because the variable ANC of wastes can lead to very different final leachate pHs. The final pH of the regulatory test is not the ambient pH in the disposal environment, the actual solubilities of contaminants in the field may be entirely different from those predicted by these regulatory tests. Leaching behaviour of by-products was changed by recycling processes, therefore acid neutralization capacity and availability of new products, not leaching concentration by one batch regulatory test, are necessary to determine the method of recycling.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1986

The decay rates of organic matter were investigated and the leaching rates were determined from the concentration distribution of N,P,K, Ca and Na in the soil profile at Pinus rigida stand on Mt. Gwan-ak and at Pseudosasa japonica stand on Odong-do. In order to determine the leaching rates θo/W wazs substituted with KL in Towner's equation. Decay rates were 0.191 at Pinus stand on Mt. Gwan-ak and 0.234 at Pseudosasa stan don Odong-do. Concentration distributions of N,P, K and Na in soil profiles were corresponed with Towner's model curve. Leaching rates determined from concentration distributions were 0.086, 0.079, 0.041, 0.029, 0.096 on Mt. Gwan-ak and 0.080, 0.056, 0.051, 0.008, 0.028 on Odong-do. The soil of Pseudosasa stand showed on the whole lower leaching rates than that of Pinus stand. The soil of Pseudosasa stand showing higher decay rate and lower leaching rates contained more concentration of each nutrient than that of Pinus stand.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2003

Particulate leaching method for the preparation of porous PLLA scaffolds was carried out and especially, the effect of PLLA/$CHCl_3$ solution concentration on the salt leaching rate and the pore structure of PLLA scaffolds were considered. It was found that maintaining lower PLLA/$CHCl_3$ concentration and higher $CHCl_3$ evaporation temperature in the preparation of PLLA/NaCl mixtures resulted in the enhancement of salt leaching rat e and higher porosity. This is understood that those conditions could minimize the formation of dense PLLA layer on the surface of PLLA/NaCl mixture as well as introducing better porosity on the surface. Higher salt leaching temperature accelerated the salt leaching rate but it seems that there is no influence on the porosity of PLLA scaffolds.

• 분석과학
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2022

The leaching of nitrate from soil increases the concentration of elements, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, in water, causing eutrophication. In this study, the feasibility of using clinoptilolite as an ion-exchange material to reduce nitrate leaching in soil was investigated. Soil samples were collected from three soil depths (0 - 30, 30 - 90, and 90 - 120 cm), and their sorption capacity was determined using batch experiments. The effects of contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature on the removal of NO₃^- were investigated. The results showed that an initial concentration of 25 mg L^-1, a contact time of 120 min, an adsorbent dosage of 5.0 g/100 mL, a pH of 3, and a temperature of 30 ℃ are favorable conditions. The kinetic results corresponded well with a pseudo-second-order rate equation. Intra-particle diffusion also played a significant role in the initial stage of the adsorption process. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process is spontaneous, random, and endothermic. The results suggest that a modification of clinoptilolite effectively reduces the leaching of nitrate in soil.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2008

침출온도 $100^{\circ}C{\sim}140^{\circ}C$, 산소압력 $40psi{\sim}100psi$, NaOH농도 $0.5M{\sim}2M$ 범위의 침출조건에서 황비철광과 방연광의 혼합황화광의 알카리산화에 의한 Pb 침출실험이 수행되었다. 혼합황화광중의 방연광침출에는 침출용액중의 $OH^-$농도가 큰 영향을 미치며 낮은 $OH^-$농도의 침출용액에서는 침출반응의 진행에 따른 $OH^-$저하에 의하여 침출된 $HPbO_2^-$가 화합물로 다시 석출이 일어나서 침출율을 저하시킬 수 있다. 침출온도 $120^{\circ}C$, 산소압력 100psi, 침출시간 30분, NaOH 2M의 침출조건에서 처리한 침출잔사 중의 Pb함량이 가장 낮은 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2018

본 연구 목적은 페널티원소가 포함된 정광을 질산용액으로 마이크로웨이브 용출하여 Bi와 As를 효과적으로 용출하고자 하였다. 정광시료에 대한 페널티원소와 유용금속들의 용출특성을 마이크로웨이브 용출시간, 질산농도 및 정광 첨가량에 대하여 조사하였다. 그 결과 페널티원소인 Bi와 As의 용출률은 마이크로웨이브 용출시간이 증가할수록, 질산농도가 증가할수록 그리고 정광 첨가량이 감소할수록 증가하였다. 정광과 광석광물을 마이크로웨이브 가열하자, Bi가 90% 이상 제거되었고, 황비철석은 자류철석-적철석으로 상변환 되었다. 고체-잔류물에 대하여 XRD분석한 결과, 단체 황과 anglesite가 나타났다. 단체 황과 anglesite의 XRD peak는 1분에서보다 12분에서, 0.5 M보다 4 M에서 그리고 5 g보다 30 g에서 intensity가 더 증가하였고 예리해졌다. 이와 같은 결과는 용출효율이 증가할수록 더 많은 단체 황과 anglesite가 생성되기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 정광을 마이크로웨이브 가열하면 Bi와 As가 대기 중으로 손실되지만, 질산용액으로 마이크로웨이브 용출하면 Bi와 같은 유용금속이 용출되어 회수될 수 있음을 확인하였다.