• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.276-291
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate behavioral changes in laying hens (Hy-Line Brown) after transfer to a multi-tier system from the floor system and to examine their production performance. The hens were randomly divided into two groups and were allocated to the multi-tier system and the floor system at a commercial farm. Behavior of the laying hens was recorded by CCD (charge-coupled device) cameras and a digital video recorder. The data were scanned every 2 min to obtain an instantaneous behavioral sample or were immediately counted whenever the hens exhibited a designated behavior. Behavior changed dramatically during the first seven days. Egg production was higher in the multi-tier system, while cracked and dirty eggs were more frequent in the floor system (p < 0.05). No differences in mortality rate or egg quality were observed between the groups. In conclusion, the hens needed at least seven days to adapt to the multi-tier system. The multi-tier system was more efficient than the floor system in terms of production performance.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2005

난황 항체 강화를 위하여 켈프밀 $4\%$ 처리구와 계피 $0.3\%$와 박하 $2\%$가 첨가된 특수사료를 급여하고 Streptococcus mutans를 2주 간격의 5회 면역처리를 복합적으로 실시하면서 40주령 산란계를 사양하였다. 면역처리를 하지 않은 처리군에서는 박하 첨가군의 산란율이 높았다. 면역한 후에 발생되는 산란율 저하는 대조구와 계피 첨가군에서 적게 나타났다. 계란의 무게는 면역처리에 따른 효과가 나타나지 않았으나 사료에 따라 차이가 나타났다. 면역처리를 하지 않은 처리구에서 계피, 박하, 켈프밀 모두 총 IgY 함량이 대조구보다 높게 나왔으며, 특히 켈프밀의 경우 대조구에 비해 $5.4\%$ 가량 상승하였다. 면역 한 처리구끼리 각각 비교하여 보면 대조구에 비해서 다른 처리구에서 모두 높았으며, 특히 켈프밀 처리구가 월등히 높아 대조구에 비해 $7.9\%$ 정도의 상승이 있었다. S. mutans로 면역처리된 닭으로부터 얻은 계란에서의 충치균에 대한 특이(specific) 총 IgY 함량을 분석한 결과, 항충치균 IgY는 1차 면역하고 4주정도 후에 나타나기 시작하였다. 마지막 immunization후 5주 이상 경과하더라도 specific IgY의 양이 상당히 높은 수준을 유지하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 총 실험기간 동안의 specific IgY 함량의 평균을 보면 켈프밀 처리구는 다른 식이에서 보다 훨씬 높은 specific IgY 역가 보여주었고 대조구에 비해 특이 항체가 약 $8.5\%$ 가량 증가되어 켈프밀의 첨가는 면역처리를 통한 특수 IgY 생산에 효과적임을 나타내었다

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.468-475
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• 2018

The present trial was carried out to study the effect of sea buckthorn seed supplementation on egg quality of laying birds. A total of 160 Rhode Island Red${\times}$Fayoumi layers was divided into four groups of 40 birds each, which was further replicated four times with 10 hens per replicate. Group one was kept as a control, while other three groups were supplemented with sea buckthorn seed powder at a dose rate of 1 (T1), 2 (T2) and 3 (T3) g/kg of feed. The results showed that egg production was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T3 at the end of the study. Egg weight was significantly (p<0.05) high in T2 and T3 during week 39 and 40. Egg yolk weight was significantly (p<0.05) in T3 compared to the control. Significantly (p<0.01) lower egg cholesterol was recorded in T2 and T3. From the results of the present study, we concluded that laying hens supplemented with sea buckthorn at the rate of 2 and 3 g/kg improved the egg quality parameters and egg cholesterol.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2016

This study aimed to examine the nutrient utilization of rump round meat and lotus root using young (32 wk) and aged hens (108 wk) as an animal model. Rump round meat and lotus root were prepared with or without enzymatic treatment. For each age group of laying hens, a total of 24 Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly allotted to one of two dietary treatments with six replicates. For rump round meat, the true total tract retention rate (TTTR) of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) were unaffected by either enzymatic treatment or hen age. However, aged hens had greater (p<0.01) TTTR of energy and crude fat than young hens. Enzymatic treatment did not influence the TTTR of energy or crude fat. In addition, we did not observe any significant interaction between the TTTR of DM, energy, N, or crude fat in rump round meat and hen age or enzymatic treatment. The TTTR of DM remained unchanged between controls and enzyme-treated lotus root for young hens. However, enzyme-treated lotus root exhibited greater (p<0.05) TTTR of DM than control lotus root for aged hens, resulting in a significant interaction (p<0.05). The TTTR of energy and N in lotus roots were greater (p<0.01) for aged hens than for young hens. In conclusion, enzymatic treatment exerted beneficial effects on energy and nutrient utilization in aged hens, suggesting the aged hen model is practical for simulation of metabolism of elderly individuals.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2017

This study was conducted from May to December 2016 to investigate the prevalence of antibody titers for Newcastle disease (ND), Infectious Bronchitis (IB), Egg drop syndrome (EDS), Avian pneumovirus (APV), Fowl Typhoid (FT), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) in laying hens in Incheon area. In ND, 418 (99.5%) of the 420 outbreaks were positive. IB showed 330 (78.5%) positive antibody out of 420 cases. EDS showed 419 (99.7%) positive seropositive rates among 420 cases. In the case of APV, 357 cases (85%) were positive in 420 cases. In the case of PT, the positive rate of antibody was 128 (30.4%) out of 420 cases. Among the 420 cases of MG, 222 cases (52.8%) were positive for antibodies. In the case of MS, 395 out of 420 cases (94.0%) were positive. This result suggests that the positive rate of antibody for PT in Incheon area was low. And it was also clear that MS without vaccine is now rampant in Incheon.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.850-854
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• 2001

Feed intake, egg weight, rate of lay and shell quality characteristics were measured in an Australian tinted egg laying strain from 31-42 weeks of age, housed at $30^{\circ}C$ and provided drinking water at 5, 10, 17 and $30^{\circ}C$. In a second experiment a European brown egg laying strain (59-66 weeks of age) housed at $30^{\circ}C$ were provided drinking water at 5, 10, 15 and $30^{\circ}C$. Brown egg layers given cool drinking water (5, 10 and $15^{\circ}C$) consumed more (p<0.05) feed and produced significantly (p<0.05) thicker and heavier shells than hens given drinking water at ambient temperature ($30^{\circ}C$). However the tinted egg layers given chilled drinking water only consumed more (p<0.05) feed and produced thicker (p<0.05) and heavier (p<0.05) shells when consuming drinking water at $5^{\circ}C$. As the tinted egg layers acclimatised to the environmental temperature there was a decline in the influence of cool drinking water on feed intake and shell quality. For brown egg layers, however, cool drinking water resulted in an improvement (p<0.05) in feed intake and shell quality over the entire period birds were provided cool water. These studies suggest that there is potential for using cool drinking water to improve feed intake and shell quality of hens housed under hot conditions. The combination of high ambient temperature and high drinking water temperature, a common occurrence in Australian layer sheds, should be avoided.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.980-985
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• 2000

Influences of Japanese green tea powder (GTP) supplementation to commercial diet on laying performance and egg quality were studied by using 60 laying hens. The experimental diet with or without 0.6% GTP was given ad libitum to the birds during the period from 6 to 71 weeks of age. The birds started egg production from 21 wk of age regardless GTP feeding. Body weight, feed intake, egg weight tended to decrease with GTP supplementation, while egg production rate tended to increase. Haugh unit score was significantly increased with GTP, which accompanied with the increased albumen height. These were observed almost throughout the laying period over 50 wk. Gel proportion in thick albumen was decreased as storage time is prolonged, then higher values of the gel proportion were recorded in the eggs from GTP group. Thick albumen of the eggs from GTP-fed layers had more carbohydrate than that from control layers. All these indicate physical stability of thick albumen in the eggs from GTP group. Thiobarbituric acid content of egg yolk tended to remain lower in the eggs from GTP group during 5-10 days of storage at room temperature. Levels of egg yolk cholesterol and yolk lipid were significantly reduced by GTP feeding. There were no significant differences in eggshell weight, shell thickness and shell strength between the two groups. Thyroid gland and liver from hens slaughtered at 71 wk of age did not differ in weight irrespective of GTP feeding. The present results suggest that GTP could modify components of edible part of egg, leading to the characteristics favourable to consumers such as high durability of thick albumen and less cholesterol in yolk, without altering general performance of the layers throughout this year round experiment.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is a metabolic disorder found in caged layer hens and causes reduced egg production and sudden death. Dandelion (Taraxacum coreanum, TC) and milk thistle (Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense, CJ) are well known wild herbs inhabiting Korean peninsula and presenting antioxidative effects. This study investigated alleviate effects of these herbal mixture (6:4, w/w) composed of dried powder of TC and CJ against fatty liver in laying hens. The herbs mixture 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 or 40.0 g/kg feed was provided via feed admixture for 3 weeks to laying hens having FLHS. FLHS was induced by intramuscular injection of β-estradiol (2 mg/kg bw) 2 times per week for 3 weeks and supply with high caloric feed. Egg production rate was reduced from 76.2% at pre-treatment to 49.4% at 1 week and further decreased according to β-estradiol treatment. Increment of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (T-Chol) and total bilirubin (T-Bil) and decrement of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) with fatty liver were found by the treatment of β-estradiol. Supplementation of TC and CJ mixture via feed admixture recovered the reduction of egg production and attenuated serological changes and gross and pathological lesions of fatty liver with the best amelioration effects at 5 and 10 g TC and CJ mixture per kg feed. In conclusion, TC and CJ mixture attenuates FLHS by means of antioxidative effects. Further mechanistic study is required to explain TC and CJ's amelioration effects against FLHS in laying hens.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2023

본 연구는 산란능력이 우수한 토종 실용산란계를 개발하기 위하여 토종 종계 4계통(YC, YD, CK, CF)을 이용하여 이면 교배조합 검정시험(diallel crossbreeding test)을 실시하였다. 능력검정은 6개 조합의 312수를 대상으로 발생 후부터 60주령까지 생존율, 체중, 초산일령, 난중, 산란율 및 난질을 조사하고, 이들의 생산능력 및 결합능력을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 전체 조합의 평균 생존율은 77.1±18.8%이고, 조합 중 YDYC조합의 생존율이 가장 높았고, YCCF조합의생존율이 가장 낮았다. YDYC조합의 경우, YD와 YC계통 간의 특정결합능력이 특히 우수하였다. 체중은 모든 측정 주령에서 조합 간의 유의한 차이가 있었는데, 전 기간 YDYC 조합의 자손이 다른 조합의 자손들보다 무거운 것으로 나타났다(P<0.01). 평균 초산일령은 121.3±2.5일로 조합 간의 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 20주령부터 60주령까지 전체조합의 평균 일계산란율은 74.0±6.4%이었고, 산란지수는181.4±33.8개로 일계산란율은 조합 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 조합 중 YDCF 및 YCCK조합의 산란 성적이 가장 높았고, YDYC 및 CKCF조합이 가장 낮았으며, 이들의 성적은 일반결합능력보다 특정결합능력에 의해 더욱 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 난중은 측정 시점 모두에서 조합 간 유의한 차이를 보였고(P<0.05), YDYC조합의난중이 전체적으로 낮게 나타났다. 난각색, 난각 두께, 난각 무게 모두 조합 간에 유의한 차이를 보이며(P<0.01), 난각색은 YDYC조합의 달걀이 가장 짙었고, 난각 두께는 YDCF조합이 가장 두꺼웠다. 내부 난질은 조합 간 차이가 없었으며, 난황색은 YDCF조합이 가장 짙은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 산란 능력을 바탕으로 최적의 토종 실용산란계를 선정시 산란율이 우수하면서 생존율이 높은 YCCK조합과 산란율이 우수하면서 상대적으로 난질이 양호한 YDCF조합이 가장 바람직한 조합으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1789-1794
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• 2003

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of substituting different levels of hazelnut kernel oil meal (HKOM) for dehulled soyabean meal (DSBM) in diets for Japanese quail. Five diets in which HKOM was replaced with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of DSBM protein in a growing diet for a 5 week period using 450 Japanese quails of initial age of 1 week and in a layer diet for a 112 days period using 180 Japanese laying quails of initial age of 7 week were examined in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Hence, treatment groups were: control (0 HKOM), 0.25 HKOM, 0.50 HKOM, 0.75 HKOM and 1HKOM. In the experiment 1, 1 HKOM decreased BWG compared with the 0 HKOM and 0.25 HKOM, while it increased FCR compared with the 0HKOM at day 21 (p<0.05). Compared with the other groups, 0.75 HKOM and 1 HKOM decreased BWG (p<0.01) at day 28. While the FCR of 1 HKOM was higher (p<0.01) than that of 0 HKOM, 0.25 HKOM and 0.50 HKOM, respectively, that of 0.75 HKOM was higher than that of 0 HKOM and 0.25 HKOM diets at day 28. However, at day 42 of age, BWG, FCR and the feed intake (FI) were not affected (p>0.05) by inclusion of HKOM. Mortality rate, carcase yield and liver, heart and gizzard weight (% of body weight) were not affected (p>0.05) by inclusion of HKOM to the diet. In the experiment 2, egg production was decreased (p<0.05) by the 1 HKOM diet compared with the 0.50 HKOM diet. While FCR increased by the 1 HKOM diet compared with the 0.25 HKOM and 0.50 HKOM diets (p<0.05). Feed intake for quails fed with the 0 HKOM diet was higher (p<0.05) than for quails fed with 0.50 HKOM diet. The egg yolk weight for 0 HKOM diet group was lower (p<0.05) than for quails in 1 HKOM diet group. In conclusion, the results indicate that DSBM can be replaced by HKOM in diets for growing and laying Japanese quails. However 50% HKOM has higher laying performance than 100% HKOM in the laying period.