• 한국광학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.356-360
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• 2017

ITO는 높은 전기 전도도와 가시광선, 근적외선 영역에서 투명성을 가진다. LCD, OLED 등을 포함한 광학에 적용되는 부품들의 제조에 투명전극으로 ITO가 사용되고 있다. 가시광선 영역에서의 투명성과 높은 전도도 때문에 다양한 전기, 디스플레이 센서의 전극으로 이용되었다. 한 가지 사안은 기판의 특성에 충격없이 ITO, 금속 필름같은 특정한 영역의 층을 제거하는 부분이다. 레이저를 사용한 유리 위의 ITO 제거는 기존 방법에 비해 친환경적이다. 본 연구는 펨토초 레이저와 나노초 레이저를 사용하여 ITO를 제거하는 비교분석이다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.615-630
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• 2002

Various long-term studies have shown that titanium implants as abutments for different types of prostheses have become a predictable adjunct in the treatment of partially or fully edentulous patients. The continuous exposure of dental implants to the oral cavity with all its possible contaminants creates a problem. A lack of attachment, together with or caused by bacterial insult, may lead to peri-implantitis and eventual implant failure. Removal of plaque and calculus deposits from dental titanium implants with procedures and instruments originally made for cleaning natural teeth or roots may cause major alterations of the delicate titanium oxide layer. Therefore, the ultimate goal of a cleaning procedure should be to remove the contaminants and restore the elemental composition of the surface oxide without changing the surface topography and harming the surrounding tissues. Among many chemical and mechanical procedure, air-powder abrasive have been known to be most effective for cleaning and detoxification of implant surface. Most of published studies show that the dental laser may be useful in the treatment of pen-implantitis. $CO_2$ laser and Soft Diode laser were reported to kill bacteria of implant surface. The purpose of this study was to obtain clinical guide by application these laser to implant surface by means of Non-contact Surface profilometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) with respect to surface roughness and atomic composition. Experimental rough pure titanium cylinder models were fabricated. All of them was air-powder abraded for 1 minute and they were named control group. And then, the $CO_2$ laser treatment under dry, hydrogen peroxide and wet condition or the Soft Diode laser treatment under Toluidine blue O solution condition was performed on the each of the control models. The results were as follows: 1. Mean Surface roughness(Ra) of all experimental group was decreased than that of control group. But it wasn't statistically significant. 2. XPS analysis showed that in the all experimental group, titanium level were decreased, when compared with control group. 3. XPS analysis showed that the level of oxygen in the experimental group 1, 3($CO_2$ laser treatment under dry and wet condition) and 4(Soft Diode laser was used under toluidine blue O solution) were decreased, when compared with control group. 4. XPS analysis showed that the atomic composition of experimental group 2($CO_2$ laser treatment under hydrogen peroxide) was to be closest to that of control group than the other experimental group. From the result of this study, this may be concluded. Following air-powder abrasive treatment, the $CO_2$ laser in safe d-pulse mode and the Soft Diode laser used with photosensitizer would not change rough titanium surface roughness. Especially, $CO_2$ laser treatment under hydrogen peroxide gave the best results from elemental points of view, and can be used safely to treat peri-implantitis.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.475-481
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• 2010

Lots of pollutants typically originating from urban transportation are accumulating on the paved surfaces during dry periods and are washed-off directly to the river during a storm. Also, paved surfaces are contributing to increase in peak flows and volume of stormwater flows. These are the main reasons why the water quality of rivers and lakes remain polluted and still below standards. Currently, several management practices are being applied in developed countries but the design standards are still lacking. This research was conducted to develop a treatment technology that can be useful to address the problems concerning runoff quality and quantity. A lab scale infiltration device consisting of a pretreatment tank and media zone was designed and tested for various flow regimes characterizing the low, average and high intensity rainfall. Based on the experiments, the high intensity flow resulted to increase in outflow event mean concentration (EMC) of pollutants, about twice as much as the average outflow EMC. However, 78 to 88% of the total suspended solids were captured and retained in the pretreatment tank because of sedimentation. The removal of heavy metals such as zinc and lead was greatly affected by the vertical placement of woodchip layer prior to the media zone. It was observed that the high carbon content (almost 50%) in the woodchip provided opportunity for enhancing its uptake of metal by adsorption. The findings implied that the reduction of pollutants can be greatly achieved by means of proper pretreatment to allow for settling of particles with a combination of using high carbon source media like woodchip and a geotextile mat to reduce the flow before filtering into the media zone and finally discharging to the drainage system.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.82-86
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• 2013

큰느타리버섯의 품종다양화와 국내 육성품종의 보급확대를 위해 2012년도에 육성한 신품종 "곤지 8호"의 특성을 조사한 결과, 균사생장적온은 $23{\sim}26^{\circ}C$, 버섯발생 및 생육적온은 $15{\pm}1^{\circ}C$였으며, 재배일수는 49 일로 대조품종보다 1일 짧았다. 병당 자실체 발생 개체수는 15.4개로 대조품종 보다 4.7개 많았고, 대 길이 120.3 mm로 대조품종보다 길었다. 자실체 물리성은 씹음성, 깨짐성, 경도 모두 대조품종보다 높았고, 특히 경도는 대조품종 대비 약 2배 높았다. 병당 수량은 132.5 g(900 cc/$65{\Phi}$), 170.8 g(1100cc/$65{\Phi}$)로 대조품종과 대등하였다.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회 및 발표대회 강연 및 발표논문 초록집
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• pp.5-5
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• 1999

The Principal deficiency of the existing notion about the sintering-mixtures consists in the fact that almost no attention is focused on the Phenomenon of alloy formation during sintering, its connection with dimensional changes of powder bodies, and no correct ideas on the driving force for the sintering process in the stage of establishing chemical equilibrium in a system are available as well. Another disadvantage of the classical sintering theory is an erroneous conception on the dissolution mechanism of solid in liquid. The two-particle model widely used in the literature to describe the sintering phenomenon in solid state disregards the nature of the neighbouring surrounding particles, the presence of pores between them, and the rise of so called arch effect. In this presentation, new basic scientific principles of the driving forces for the sintering process of a two-component powder body, of a diffusion mechanism of the interaction between solid and liquid phases, of stresses and deformation arising in the diffusion zone have been developed. The major driving force for sintering the mixture from components capable of forming solid solutions and intermetallic compounds is attributed to the alloy formation rather than the reduction of the free surface area until the chemical equilibrium is achieved in a system. The lecture considers a multiparticle model of the mixed powder-body and the nature of its volume changes during solid-state and liquid-phase sintering. It explains the discovered S-and V-type concentration dependencies of the change in the compact volume during solid-state sintering. It is supposed in the literature that the dissolution of solid in liquid is realised due to the removal of atoms from the surface of the solid phase into the melt and then their diffusicn transfer from the solid-liquid interface into the bulk of liquid. It has been shown in our experimental studies that the mechanism of the interaction between two components, one of them being liquid, consist in diffusion of the solvent atoms from the liquid into the solid phase until the concentration of solid solutions or an intermetallic compound in the surface layer enables them to pass into the liquid by means of melting. The lecture discusses peculimities of liquid phase formation in systems with intermediate compounds and the role of the liquid phase in bringing about the exothermic effect. At the frist stage of liquid phase sintering the diffusion of atoms from the melt into the solid causes the powder body to grow. At the second stage the diminution of particles in size as a result of their dissolution in the liquid draws their centres closer to each other and makes the compact to shrink Analytical equations were derived to describe quantitatively the porosity and volume changes of compacts as a result of alloy formation during liquid phase sinteIing. Selection criteria for an additive, its concentration and the temperature regime of sintering to control the density the structure of sintered alloys are given.

• 공업화학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2010

활성탄에 $TiO_2$를 졸-겔 방법으로 코팅하여 탄소복합전극을 제조하였고 축전식 이온제거(Capacitive deionization : CDI) 과정에서 나타난 제염효과에 대하여 고찰하였다. 본 연구에서 $TiO_2$는 전극의 젖음성을 향상시켜 전극과 전해질의 접촉 저항을 감소시키고, 전기이중층 흡착량을 증가시킬 수 있으므로 CDI전극재로 활성탄에 코팅하였다. TEM, XRD, XPS로 활성탄에 $TiO_2$가 코팅되었는지 확인하였다. 순환전류전압법과 impedance측정 결과 탄소복합전극이 탄소전극보다 전기이중층 용량이 증가하였으며, 전극의 확산저항이 줄어든 것을 확인하였다. 또한 이온제거율을 확인하기 위한 충전-방전 및 이온전도도 평가 결과 전해질 NaCl $1000\;{\mu}S/cm$에서 탄소복합전극이 탄소전극보다 39% 더 많은 이온을 제거하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과 CDI용 전극재료 $TiO_2$가 코팅된 탄소복합전극이 탄소전극보다 효과적인 제염효과를 보임을 확인하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

Treatment level and pond reactions of a pond system were examined from May to October 2002. The system was constructed in July 2000 for purifying water of Sinyang stream that flows into Koheung Estuarine Lake located in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The system was composed of a primary and a secondary pond in series and established on the rice field near the lake. Water pumped from the stream was funneled into the primary pond, whose effluent was discharged into the secondary pond by gravity flow. Effluent from the secondary pond was funneled into wetlands. About 130 $m^3$/day of water was pumped into the primary pond and detention time of the primary and secondary pond was about 2 days. DO from the surface to the 1.0 m depth of the primary and secondary pond was in the rage of 5.2 to 11.0 mg/L and 4.3 to 0.7 mg/L, respectively. DO at the bottom layer of the primary pond was 0 mg/L and that of the secondary pond ranged 3.0~4.7 mg/L. The primary pond functioned as a facultative pond and the secondary as an aerobic one. The temperature difference between the surface and bottom layers of the ponds in August was about $2.5^{\circ}C$ and that in May and October was about $1.0^{\circ}C$. Thermocline was observed in the primary pond during the high ambient temperature of August. The sludge depth of the primary pond in May, August, and October was 2.4, 1.9, and 2.2 cm, respectively. That of the secondary pond was 1.2, 1.0, and 1.1 cm, respectively. SS, $BOD_5$, T-N, and T-P concentrations in influent averaged 16.64, 6.71, 6.21, and 0.23 mg/L and those in effluent from the primary pond averaged 11.48, 4.97, 4.81, and 0.17 mg/L, respectively. The removal rates of the primary pond for SS, $BOD_5$, T-N and T-P were 31%, 26%, 22%, and 24%, respectively. Average concentrations of SS, $BOD_5$, T-N, and T-P in effluent from the secondary pond were 9.81, 4.07, 4.03, and 0.14 mg/L, respectively and the abatement rates of the secondary pond for SS, $BOD_5$, T-N and T-P were 20%, 12%, 13%, and 15%, respectively. SS, $BOD_5$, T-N and T-P concentrations in effluent from the primary pond were significantly low(p=0.001) when compared with those from the secondary one.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.169-176
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• 1998

Ni/MH 2차전지의 음극용 금속간화합물전극의 부식특성에 미치는 합금원소와 결합제의 영향을 조사하였다. 전극의 재료는 $(LM)Ni_{4.49}Co_{0.1}Mn_{0.205}Al_{0.205}$와 $(LM)Ni_{3.6}Co_{0.7}Mn_{0.3}Al_{0.4}$의 $AB_5$ type합금을 모재로 하였다. 여기에 Si sealant 또는 PTFE를 결합제로 첨가한 것과 원재료 분말에 구리를 20% 무전해도금한 것을 냉간 압착하여 전극을 제조하였다. 부식특성을 조사하기위해 탈공기된 6M의 KOH 용액에서 동전위법과 순환전위법을 이용하여 부식전류와 전류밀도를 측정하였다. 모재에 Co가 많이 함유되면 전극의 내식성을 향상시키고 Ni이 많이 함유되면 충전과 방전을 반복하는 동안에 전극의 안정성을 저하시켰다. 부식전류밀도는 Si sealant를 결합제로 사용한 전극의 경우가 PTFE를 사용한 전극의 경우보다 낮았고 Cu가 도금된 전극은 내식성에서 가장 우수하게 나타났다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.408-412
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• 1998

Bi$_{2}$(Te$_{1-x}$Se$_{ x}$)$_{3}$(0.05$\leq$x$\leq$0.25)합금분말을 기계적 합금화 공정으로 제조하여 가압소결 후, $Bi_{2}$Se$_{3}$함량에 따른 열전특성의 변화거동을 분석하였다. 기계적 합금화로 제조한 $ Bi_{2}$(Te$_{1-x}$ $Se_{x}$$_{3}$ 가압소결체는 단결정과는 달리 donor dopant의 첨가없이도 n형 전도를 나타내었다. $Bi_2(Te_{0.85}Se_{0.15})_3$ 합금분말을 (50%H$_{2}$+50% Ar)분위기 중에서 환원처리하여 가압소결시, 분말 효면의 산화층 제거와 과잉 Te 공격자의 소멸에 기인한 전자 농도의 감소로 p형으로 천이되었다. 기계적 합금화로 제조한 $ Bi_{2}$($Te_{1-x}$ $Se_{x}$$_{3}$가압소결체는 x=0.15조성에서 $1.92{\times}10^{-3}$ K의 최대 성능지수를 나타내었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권3호
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• pp.339-350
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• 2009

본 연구는 금대봉 산림유전자원보호림의 희귀식물 및 유용 식물자원의 분포실태와 상층식생의 군집구조에 따른 하층식생의 분포양상을 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 금대봉 산림유전자원보호림지역내 출현하고 있는 관속식물상은 모두 59과 160속 218종류로 확인되었으며, 산림청 지정 희귀식물은 나도개감채, 연령초, 말나리, 노랑무늬붓꽃, 홀아비바람꽃, 금강제비꽃 등 6종류가 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 전 지역에 걸쳐 대규모 군락지 형태의 분포양상을 나타내는 홀아비바람꽃 등 8종류의 초본종과 소규모 패치상 또는 적은 개체수가 흩어져 출현하는 나도잠자리난 등 15종류의 초본종이 유용 식물자원인 것으로 판단되었다. 한편, 금대봉 산림유전자원보호림의 현존식생은 하층식생의 분포양상을 파악하기 위하여 설정한 방형구의 조사자료를 기준으로 유집분석한 결과 상층식생의 군집은 신갈나무 우점 군집, 일본잎갈나무 우점 군집, 그리고 과거 산림벌채와 풍충성 고산지대의 영향으로 인한 초본식생 우점 군집으로 분류되었다. 하층식생의 분포양상은 임분 내 상층 및 중층식생의 군집구조와 어느 정도 연관성을 갖는 것으로 나타났지만, 다른 한편으로 교란에 따른 입지적 특성과 하층식생의 종 조성의 차이 및 경쟁압력으로 인하여 상당한 차이를 보였다. 따라서 산림유전자원인 주요 하층 식생의 보존을 위해서 상층식생의 밀도조절 등으로 인해 야기되는 하층식생의 동태 및 생육환경의 변화를 정확하게 파악 한 후 간벌 등 산림시업처리를 실행하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단되었다.