• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2003

The objectives of this study were to find the relationship between the olfactory sense such as perfume and sense of sight and how it affects the sensibility based on the fact that ,senses are compound feeling from detective parts of human body. First, to build the emotional rate stale we selected the 19 pairs of adjective from the previous studies that overlaps smell, color, and clothes and added one pairs of related clause. Then each pair was divided into 7 level of emotional stage. In the experiment by the selected 15 man and woman from the visual design major student of Hong-ick Univ each student was given floral, jasmin, lavender, papaya and asked them to pick one color from I.R.I Hue & Tone chart for each smell. Then, analyzed the emotional rating of selected color for given smell. The emotional structure of smell and color consists five parts; 'Esthetics', 'Romance', 'Character', 'Intensity', 'Nature', There were significant differences in frequencies of selected colors for each given smell and gender difference also affected the color selected. Average value of emotional rating scale of smell and color was ,similar to the results from previous studies on relationship between smell and emotion.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.461-467
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• 2002

Signals reduced from the brain had been considered as a noise that is caused by the stochastic process until 1980. The recent non-linear dynamic theory researches, however, reported that these signals are meaningful and deterministic chaos signals in which they show how the brain deals with various information Since this report, a wide range of researches has been carried out and still in progress. Thus, by using the correlational dimension, one of the non-linear analytical methods, the characteristics of the brain signals can be analyzed. In this thesis, the scent of lavender, which stimulates the olfactory sense, is introduced to measure EEG with the International 10-20 electrode system on 16 channels, and to analyze the interrelationship between the original signals before the stimulation and the changed signals after the stimulation. Finally, the effect of the scent stimulation to the brain is analyzed. The purpose of this thesis is to apply these analyzed results to the computerized mapping of the brain signals and possible ways of specifying the source of the brain signals through various medical applications.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.146-155
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• 2004

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to explain the effects of aromatherapy massage on the preoperative anxiety of hemorrhoidectomy patients, and to provide the effective and holistic nursing care to them. Method: The research design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The data were collected during the period from November 1 to November 30, 2003 at K-Hospital in Seoul. The subjects were fifty patients who were to have a hemorrhoidectomy under general anesthesia. They were assigned to two groups, 25 subjects to the experimental group and 25 subjects to the control group. The State Anxiety Inventory tool was used to measure state-anxiety on all patients the day before surgery. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate were measured on the day before surgery and the preoperative period. The experimental group received aromatherapy massage on the hand with lavender oil. Data were analyzed by $x^2$ test, independent t-test, paired t-test. Result: 1. Hypothesis 1, that the level of preoperative state-anxiety of the experimental group who received aromatherapy massage would be lower than that of the control group who did not received aromatherapy was supported(p=.047). 2. Hypothesis 2was that the Physiological index of the preoperative anxiety of the experimental group who received aromatherapy would be lower than that of the control group who did not received aromatherapy. The 1st subhypothesis that "the level of the preoperative systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the experimental group would be less than that of the control group" was not supported. Conclusion: Aromatherapy massage can be regarded as a partially effective nursing intervention that relives the preoperative anxiety of surgical patients and stabilizes vital signs.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.883-894
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of aroma hand massage on pruritus, fatigue and stress of the patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: This study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Study sample was conveniently recruited from two hospitals(28 for experimental and 30 for control group). The experimental group went through aroma hand massage on hand without AVF for 5 min for 12 times mixed with Lavender, Chamomile and Geranium oils in the ratio of 4 : 4 : 2, which was diluted 3% with sweet almond crrier oil 100 ml. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 12.0. Results: The 1st hypothesis, 'Experimental group who has received aroma hand massage will have lower rate of pruritus than the control group' was accepted(t = -5.084, p = .001). The 2nd hypothesis, 'Experimental group who has received aroma hand massage will have lower rate of fatigue than the control group' was accepted(t = -2.557, p = .015). The 3rd hypothesis, 'Experimental group who has received aroma hand massage will have lower rate of stress than the control group' was accepted(t = -5.537, p = .001). Conclusion: The aroma hand massage has shown to be an effective nursing intervention to reduce the pruritus, fatigue and stress among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Therefore, the massage is needed to continuously be applied to hemodialysis patients to improve their quality of life.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.309-314
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• 2005

This study was to determine whether the massage would enhance the physical relaxation in healthy women, and whether the effects of massage on the relaxation would be different by the applied regions of the body. Five healthy young women participated in the two test sessions of back and lower extremities massage in a chamber controlled at an air temperature of $28^{\circ}C$ and a relative humidity of $50{\pm}5%$. The slow stroke massage with lavender aroma oil for 30 minutes was applied to the subjects with a 10-min. and a 20-min rest time before and after the application, respectively. Rectal temperature decreased and the chest and thigh skin temperatures increased with the massage application, and the changes of the temperatures were greater with lower extremities massage than with back massage. Heart rate also decreased during massage period and tended to be lower with lower extremities massage. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased with lower extremities massage. These results show that the slow stroke massage for 30 minutes can induce physiological responses related with the enhanced relaxation in healthy women, and lower extremities massage is more effective on the physical relaxation rather than back massage.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.285-295
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• 2014

Citrus essential oil were extracted from citron peel of cultivated in Gohong (CCP) using environmentally friendly supercritical carbon dioxide method. Antioxidant activity and aroma composition of the essential oils extracted by the SC-$CO_2$ method were evaluated by comparing with those extracted by organic solvent method. Fatty acid composition, DPPH scavenging, and antioxidant activity of the oils obtained by different extraction condition of SC-$CO_2$ method were investigated and their antioxidant activities were compared with commercially available lavender, eucalyptus and tea tree oils. As the results, linoleic acid was most abundantly found from CCP oil extracted by the SC-$CO_2$ method and cis-11,144-eicosadienoic acids was second abundantly found. Radical scavenging ability of DPPH was 98% when the concentration of CCP oil was 50 mg/mL. This scavenging ability increased with the increase of oil concentration. On the other hand, flavonoids content (84 mg/100g) of the CCP oil extracted by the SC-$CO_2$ method was slightly higher than that (75 mg/100g) by hexane extraction. The results, obtained from CCP oil by GC-MS, indicated that, among 66 components, the content of terpenes was 55.8% and limonene was 27.3%.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1284-1293
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effect of aromatherapy on skin xerosis and pruritus in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Twenty one subjects of this study were selected from St. Paul's Hosipital in Seoul. All the subjects were received the mineral oil massage at the arm without fistular three timesper week for 4 weeks. After 2 weeks period of wash-out, the subjects were received the aromatherapy of lavender and tea tree essence oil in the same way. This study was carried out from March 20 to June 13, 1998. Pruritus score, skin pH and stratum corneum hydration were measured before and after each treatment. But, biochemical parameters were measured before the treatment of the mineral oil massage, after the treatment of the mineral oil massage and the aromatherapy. Data of this study were analyzed by paired t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni multiple comparisons and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results were as follows ; 1. Pruritus score was significantly decreased after the aromatherapy, while no significant change after the treatment of the mineral oil massage. Therefore, there was a significant difference in the priritus score between the two treatments. 2. Stratum corneum hydration was significantly increased after the aromatherapy, while no significant change after the treatment of the mineral oil massage. Therefore, there was a significant difference in the stratum corneum hydration between the two treatments. 3. Skin pH was significantly increased after the treatment of the mineral oil massage, while no significant change after the aromatherapy. Therefore, there was no significant difference in the skin pH between the two treatments.4. After the aromatherapy, the serum calcium was significantly increased. Whereas the serum parathyroid hormone intact was significantly decreased compared with the treatment of the mineral oil massage. But the level of the serum Ca and PTH-intact were within the normal range. 5. Stratum corneum hydration was decreased corresponding to the duration of hemodialysis, while pruritus score and skin pH showed no change corresponding to the duration of hemodialysis and the age of the subjects. The correlation of pruritus score on skin pH, stratum corneum hydration and biochemical parameters was not significant. In conclusion, this findings indicate that aromatherapy may be effective in decreasing skin xerosis and pruritus score in uremic pruritus patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.705-713
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• 2010

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of aromatherapy on blood pressure, heart rate variability, aortic pulse wave velocity and the aortic augmentation index of essential hypertensive patients. Methods: Using a coin toss, 22 participants were assigned to the experimental group and 20 to the control. The experimental group was given a blend of oils of lemon (Citrus limonum), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), and ylang ylang (Cananga odorata) which were prepared in the ratio of 2:2:1, respectively. The control group was given an artificial lemon fragrance of Limonene (35 cc) and Citral (15 cc) mixture. The experiment, inhalation, was conducted for 3 weeks (2 min per inhalation, 2 times per day) to both groups. Results: There was a noticeable difference in systolic blood pressure between the groups (p=.001), however the difference in diastolic blood pressure between the two groups was not significant. There was a notable difference in sympathetic nerve system activity of heart rate variability (p=.047). However, the differences in aortic pulse wave velocity or the aortic augmentation index were not significant. Conclusion: Aromatherapy is effective in lowering systolic blood pressure and sympathetic nerve system activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.111-117
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• 2007

Essential oils aims to rejuvenate and beautify medical skin care the body through the use of essential oils, and generally to improve our outward appearance. Much of this section fouses on the different methods by which essential oils can be used to improve the complexion or to treat specific medical care skin conditions. Beauty, however, is not just skin-deep. The condition of the medical care express the overall health of an individual. A relaxed attitude, together with a well-balanced diet, enough exercise, and a daily intake of plenty of spring water or herbal teas, all help to keep the system in top condition. Essential oils is a healing art which has powerful effects on both mind and body. The vital element in essential oils is the pure oils which are extracted from various part of different plants. The key to medical aromatherapy care lies in its dual use of essential oils and medical care massage, thus masking full use of two of our most important senses-smell and touch. Medical aromatherapy care is holistic, working mainly on the nervous system and including the head and body as part of the same treatment. Using pressure points along the spine, Medical aromatherapy care on the autonomic nervous system and has an immediate effect of relexation. In directly it also acts on mood. Many of the medical massage movements help lymphatic drainage. Essential oils have many different qualities; they can be relaxing or invigorating and are generally antisepic and antibacterial. Medical aromatherapy care can have psychological benefits. The power of essences in healing has been recognized in the treatment of insect bites. Clove, thyme, sandalwood, and lavender are a few of the essences that have antiseptic. Essential oils effect the dry skin for small visual pores, dull matte finish, rough sandy feeling, tantskin. Essential oils effect the mature/sun damaged skin for some red or couperose areas, loose saggy skin, exposure to a lot of ultraviolet light. Essential oils effect the medical care nomal skin good elasticity, healthy color(good circulation), smooth terture.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 후취자극 제어장치를 이용하여 후각자극에 대한 인간의 뇌의 활성화 영역을 뇌기능자기공명영상(functional magnetic resonance imaging : fMRI)장치로 측정 또는 가시화하고 이의 임상적용에 대한 기초자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 우선 후각에 이상이 없고 코 수술 경험이 없는 오른손잡이 피험자 4명을 대상으로 5번에 걸쳐 Echo Plannar Imaging(EPI)에 의한 혈액산소농도의존(blood oxygen level dependent : BOLD)법을 이용하여 후각자극에 의한 뇌기능자기공명영상 실험을 수행하였다. 후각자극은 MRI 장치에서 사용할 수 있도록 제작된 후취제어장치를 사용하였으며, 제시된 향은 천연 향의 일종인 lavender-like fragrance를 사용하였다. 향의 제시는 후각의 피로도를 감안하여 3회의 휴식기관과 2회의 자극기간을 각 30초씩 번갈아 시행하였으며, 동시에 5초 간격으로 각 절편 당 30 영상을 연속적으로 획득하였다. Correlation법으로 0.4∼0.7의 문턱치(threshold)범위에서 통계 처리된 뇌의 활성화 영상은 EPI영상과 같은 부위의 T1 강조영상에 overlapping 시켰다. 호흡에 의한 artifact를 제거하기 위해 실험실에 만든 장치로 호흡을 측정하여 post-processing 할 때 반영하였다. 이렇게 얻어진 fMRI 영상의 신호변화를 관찰하여 활성 영역의 위치를 분석하였다. 그 결과 후각자극에 의해 뇌의 전두엽 피질(frontal cortex), 소뇌(cerebellum), 그리고 뇌교(pons)에서 활성화된 신호를 발견할 수 있었다. 또한, 측두엽(temporal lobe)과 뇌섬(insula)에서도 의미 있는 신호가 관찰되었다. 그러나, 일차 후각영역인 piriform cortex와 entorhinal cortex, amygdaloid complex, 그리고 이차후각영역인 orbitofrontal cotex에서는 그다지 많은 빈도로 신호가 발견되지 않았다. 결론적으로 BOLD법을 이용한 fMRI에 의하여 후각자극에 대한 뇌의 활성화영역을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 후각자극에 대한 뇌의 기능을 연구하는데 있어서 중요한 정량적 자료를 제공할 수 있다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다.