• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.105-116
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe nonverbal behaviors of nurses in communication with patients with dementia in an elderly care institution in Korea. Methods: Conversation analysis was utilized to analyze the data which were collected using video camera to capture non-verbal as well as verbal behaviors. A total of 66 episodes of everyday conversations were analyzed using seven nonverbal categories: affirmative head nodding; illustrative gestures; patient-directed eye gaze; smiling and/or laughing; forward leaning; affective touch; and instrumental touch. Results: Among seven categories, patient-directed eye gaze(94%) was the most frequently utilized among nurses followed by affirmative head nodding(67%) and forward leaning(67%), while smiling was the least used(32%). Affective touch was identified in 39 episodes(59%). Among them, the most frequently touched area was hand or handshaking(59%) followed by shoulder or back, arm, and face. There were wide differences among nurses in terms of using affective touch, ranging from 0% to 98%. Nonverbal behaviors were more frequently identified in effective episodes than in ineffective episodes. Conclusion: Actively utilizing effective nonverbal behaviors may help geriatric nurses in promoting communication and in establishing rapport with patients with dementia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.267-272
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• 2009

Video digests provide an effective way of confirming a video content rapidly due to their very compact form. By watching a digest, users can easily check whether a specific content is worth seeing in full. The impression created by the digest greatly influences the user's choice in selecting video contents. We propose a novel method of automatic digest creation that evokes a joyful impression through the created digest by exploiting smile/laughter facial expressions as emotional cues of joy from video. We assume that a digest presenting smiling/laughing faces appeals to the user since he/she is assured that the smile/laughter expression is caused by joyful events inside the video. For detecting smile/laughter faces we have developed a neural network based method for classifying facial expressions. Video segmentation is performed by automatic shot detection. For creating joyful digests, appropriate shots are automatically selected by shot ranking based on the smile/laughter detection result. We report the results of user trials conducted for assessing the visual impression with automatically created 'joyful' digests produced by our system. The results show that users tend to prefer emotional digests containing laughter faces. This result suggests that the attractiveness of automatically created video digests can be improved by extracting emotional cues of the contents through automatic facial expression analysis as proposed in this paper.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.495-505
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to develop a CD program of applied logotherapy to improve the quality of life of adolescents with terminal cancer. Method: Keller's ARCS theory and a model for developing internet learning materials(Kang) was applied to develop this program comprised four distinct phases: planning, designing, development, and execution stages. Results: This program was entitled 'Finding treasures in my life' and consisted of 5 sessions and its educational contents were made up as follows: "Treasure One" is 'learning three natures of the human mind', "Treasure Two" is 'learning creative value as first method to find meaning of life', "Treasure Three" is 'learning experiential value as second method to find meaning of life', "Treasure Four" is 'learning attitudinal value as third method to find meaning of life', and "Treasure Five" is 'Becoming the master of my life'. The sub-menu was made up of 'Beginning', 'What is it?', 'Travelling'. 'Laughing Song', 'End'. Conclusions: This CD program applied logotherapy with flash animation technique as an emotional and spiritual nursing intervention program for easier and more scientific application in pediatric oncology and hospice area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.9
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• pp.81-98
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• 2008

This research aims to analyze humorous images expressed in 2D graphics fashion illustrations and to propose application of 2D graphics in humorous images for fashion illustrations to suggest a more creative and relevant fashion illustration for contemporary culture. The result of this research were as follows: First, theories on reaction of humor can be classified into Incongruity theory, Superiority theory and Arousal and Relief theory. Humor in visual arts are classified in Visual Parody, Visual Pun, Visual Paradox and Visual Satire. Second, Visual Pun, Visual Parody, and Visual Satire are used for visualizing fashion illustration, and the foundations for many humor images were simple-colored, imaginative, and unreal settings. And it was also found out that the physical proportion of the models generally was 1(head):7(entire body), 1:8, 1:15 and the models were usually laughing and smiling. Tone was usually pastel and vivid, and posture was usually standing-position or sitting-position. Third, based on such results, fashion illustration works of humor image using 2D graphics were created. To concretize the humor image, 'gift' as a concept was chosen. Humor alleviates the tension and stress. It also brings laughter and pleasure to people's lives. Therefore humor image will be an effective way of expanding creativity in modern fashion illustration.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.114-122
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of Music Therapy for the autistic children. Method: The subjects of this study consisted of 3 autistic children who were trained in an Attachment Promotion Therapy Program for 6 months. The Children were all males and 4years 9months, 3years 1 month, and 3years 8month each, and diagnosed with Autism by Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists. Data was collected by using video-taping methods(ADOS, Fagot's Interactive Behavior Code), an interview and observational methods(SMS). Music Therapy intervention was done once a week for 6 months. Data was gathered by quantitative and qualitative analysis. Result: This study showed that the Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale and Social Maturity Quotient(SQ) much improved after the Music Therapy After the Music Therapy, the Interactive Behavior Code : Gaze, Gesture for the communication, Verbal language, Laughing/Smile, and Normal play behaviors increased more than before the intervention. As the results show, the child's behavior became more positively responsive, playful, and attentive to others. Conclusion: This study suggests that Music Therapy might be an effective intervention for autistic disorder children in order to decrease autistic symptoms and increase joint attention behavior.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.72-82
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• 2006

Purpose: To analyze the health concept and health behaviors in school children through the interview on study groups. To obtain the subjective data for health concept and health behaviors in school children. Methods: This study is a qualitative study applied the interview of study groups. Participants are 12 people and two groups- each of them is 3 males and females, which are $6^{th}$grade of elementary schools located in Seoul city and Kyung-gi Province. The interviews were conducted twice on November in 2005. Results: 83 items are significantly related in health concept for school children. The results are the following; 1) the significant health concept for school children is 15 items and there are 5 areas- strength, comfort, action, compatibility and normal life. 2) the actual health behaviors are 23 items and there are 8 areas-exercising, associating, mentally resting, laughing, releasing stress, well sleeping, well eating and receivingcheck-up. 3) the needed and the wanted health behaviors are 45 items and there are 12 areas-well eating, well cleaning, exercising, playing, comforting, resting, staying in familiar environment, receiving regular check-up, abstaining, associating, enjoying hobbies, and forming environment & facilities. Conclusion: For health concepts, school children consider significantly not only physical activities but also social and mental activities and environment. They also want exercising, abstaining, eating well, checking-up, enjoying hobbies, forming environment & facilities with various activities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.196-206
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence of urinary incontinence, it's relating factors and the level of self-esteem in women. Subject of this study consisted of 153 in the age of 30-55 years old living in around Iksan. The date were collected from March, 1998 to June, 1998 with interview using structured questionare and were analysed with SPSS program. The results were as follows : 1) The prevalence of urinary incontinence is 85%. The most common amount of urinary incontinence was somewhat small expressed as 'wetting their panty' 2) The common factors related to the urinary incontinence were coughing, sneezing, laughing loudly, the activities of need for hurry and constipation. The older, the more incidence of urinary incontinence were reported. 3) Only 50% of epsodic urinary incontinence were treated and they wanted to try the herb medicine(64%), taking medicine(8%) and exercise(3%). 4) There was significant between self-esteem and urinary incontinence (T=13.83, p=.000), but between degree of urinary incontinence and self-esteem were not significant(F=.71, p=.55). In conclusion, urinary incontinence will be very serious health problem as aging so that it's Important to provide nursing intervention to prevent and be well. It need to support psychological care, too.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.611-632
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• 2012

Beckett's life-long struggling with death may be illuminated in terms of the Western tradition of thanatology as well as Philippe Ariès's anthropological classification of death. Among the Western tradition, Beckett's oeuvre incarnates memento mori, timor mori, nihilism, theatrum mundi, life as afterlife, and the transsubstantiation of the self. Among the five views of death Ariès suggests, Beckett appears to foreground the death of the self and the invisible dirty death. In a world devoid of transcendental Signified, Beckett's resident is "a poor player/That struts and frets his hour upon the stage." Our contemporary vision of death is dominated by the dirty death and timor mori resurrected from the cultural icon of danse macabre in the late Mediaeval age as vividly dramatized in W;t by Margaret Edson. Beckett stands in no man's land: Lucky complains of divine aphathia as well as scopes at the possibility of God's existence like Hamm. Beckett's way of getting out of the dilemma is laughing a mirthless and dianoetic laugher. To bourgeois class who shudder at the sight of Grim Death after forgettable years of indulgence and addiction to capitalist consumption, Beckett seems to preach, your life is a death-in-life, you are not born yet until you are baptized with existential awakening as Gregor Samsa in Kafka's Verwandlung, or Tolstoy in Confession.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.302-308
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• 1996

A case of rapid cycling mania secondary to gamma-knife radiosurgery for the treatment of refractory epilepsy was reported. A 21-year old woman who had a gamma-knife radiosurgical operation for the treatment of refractory seizure two years ago was admitted because of manic episodes. Although seizure was relieved, manic symptoms like decreased need for sleep, elated mood, unprovoked laughing, grandiose delusion and bizarre behaviors were developed 11 months after the operation. These symptoms recurred lour rimes for eight months. There were no past personal and family history of mood disorders. Laboratory examinations including electroencephalogram ana endocrinological study did not show any abnormal findings. The rapid cycling secondary manic was relieved by lithium. She was then discharged after 5 months. Mood change was not significant during follow-up while hypomania emerged by dose reduction. The secondary mania seemed to be caused or triggered by the right temporal lobe damage induced by gamma-knife radiosurgery.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.221-234
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• 2013

Positive affect has beneficial consequences in various life domains including social relational aspect. This study proposes that 'joy,' a highly arousing positive social emotion, promotes emotionally supportive reactions during a social interaction. In Study 1, after controlling for confounding personality characteristics (e.g., extraversion, agreeableness, adult attachment) and cognitive variables (e.g., empathy, self-esteem), positive affect predicted the amount of emotional support and enthusiasm one showed to a person who was describing a positive experience. The arousal dimension of positive emotion appeared to be the key in creating this outcome. Study 2 found that people were most likely to react in supportive ways (e.g., more laughing, emotion sharing, and active-constructive responses) to other's conversation after viewing a joy-inducing (rather than pride, awe, calm) film clip. These results partly explain why happy people are socially popular and suggest that one of the central functions of "joy" is to promote social bonding with others.