• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.112-117
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• 2012

This report evaluated the convenience and accessibility of a penile translocation surgery in the lateral recumbency of a calf using a tilt-up mobile compared with that of dorsal recumbency on the ground of a barn. One nine-month-old F-1 (Korean native sire x Holstein dam) calf was sedated with xylazine (0.03 mg/kg, IV) and restrained in the right lateral recumbency position on a tilt-up restraint mobile (90 cm high), whereas the other nine-month-old Korean native calf was administered xylazine (0.3 mg/kg, IV) and restrained in dorsal recumbency position on the ground of a barn, with assistance by one person. For the two calves, lidocaine was administered subcutaneously from the preputial orifice to the S-shaped penis. The preputial orifice was incised, and the preputial sheath and penis were separated bluntly, then laterally translocated to the site toward the left flank at a $40^{\circ}$ angle. Anti-inflammatory drug (ketoprofen) and antibiotics (penicillin) were administered following the surgery. The duration of surgery was 30 min shorter in the calf that received the surgery in lateral recumbency using the tilt-up mobile with operator's standing posture (60 min) than the one that underwent surgery in dorsal recumbency on the ground with operator's bending posture (90 min). One week after the surgery, the operation area, including the translocated preputial orifice, was healed without complications in both cases. The results detailed in this report demonstrate that penile translocation surgery in the lateral recumbency position using a tilt-up mobile might be used conveniently in calves due to the convenience of restraint, reduced surgery time, and reduced physical inconvenience for the surgeon.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.313-318
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• 2015

The lung opacity on radiography is influenced by various factors. The physical density of the lung and the attenuation ensured on computed tomography (CT) scans is determined by three components : lung tissue, blood, and air. Temporary right lateral recumbency may responsible for the increase of opacity on ventrodorsal projection view. Thus, our aim is to demonstrate that the effect of right lateral recumbency posture on right lung opacity using radiograph and CT scan. In this study, 62 dogs without clinical or radiologic signs of cardiopulmonary disease are selected. Thorax radiographs per 30 seconds for 2 minutes (30s, 60s, 90s, 120s) were performed for 62 dogs. After discussion of the radiographic findings of lung field by two radiologists and a student at Chungbuk national university veterinary medical center a consensus opinion was recorded. Computed tomography per a minute (1 min, 2 min) for 2 minutes were performed for 2 dogs. Mean x-ray attenuation of lung was measured quantitatively using software at two levels (aortic arch and basal level). Among 62 dogs with radiograph comparison, 9.3% of dogs showed influence by postural effect. However, all 2 dogs with computed tomography comparison, showed influence by postural effect. In conclusion, position dependent changes of lung density in CT exam are not consistent with thoracic radiograph.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2018

Liver size is one of the important standards used to establish differential diagnoses for dogs with suspected hepatic diseases. No previous reports have been reported about comparison for radiographic measurements of canine liver size by left and right recumbency. The retrospective study was performed in dogs that underwent abdominal radiography with left, right and dorsal recumbency at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Gyeongsang National University from March 6, 2014 to December 31, 2014. We investigated differences of radiographic liver size according to direction of lateral recumbency. We found differences of radiographic measurements in canine liver size between left and right recumbency. Thus, positional effect should be considered in case of monitoring the canine liver size regularly.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.909-914
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• 2006

The goal of this study was to investigate the behavior of sows and their piglets reared using the non-all-in all-out system and the all-in all-out system during a 3-week lactation period. The 24 Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire sows (range of parity: 2 to 4) and their litters (range of litter size: 8 to 13 piglets) for each treatment (8 sows/replication) were used in this experiment. The sows were housed in farrowing crates ($0.6{\times}2.1m$) located in pens ($2.4{\times}1.8m$) with totally perforated metal flooring. The crates were kept in an experimental room that was thermostatically controlled to approximately $23^{\circ}C$. A 250-W infrared heat lamp was turned on above the creep area during lactation. The sows and piglets were conventionally managed. The animals were recorded during a 24-h period at 1, 4, 7, 14 and 21 days postpartum. The videotapes were scanned every minute to obtain an instantaneous behavioral sample. In the behaviors of sows, lateral recumbency decreased and ventral recumbency increased from 1 day postpartum to 21 days postpartum. In comparison to the AIAOS, sows in the NAIAOS spent much less time on lateral recumbency (p<0.01), whereas they spent much more time on ventral recumbency and sitting at 4 days postpartum (p<0.05 and p<0.05). In the behaviors of piglets, lying increased and unsuccessful suckling decreased until 21 days postpartum. Compared to the AIAOS at 4 days postpartum, piglets in the NAIAOS spent less time lying (p<0.01), whereas they spent much more time walking and unsuccessful suckling (p<0.01 and p<0.05). These results suggest that the all-in all-out system may be preferable to the non-all-in all-out system for promoting welfare.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.273-283
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to measure densities in various areas of the normal canine lung with computed tomography (CT) depending on influences of gravity and the degree of lung inflation and to determine optimal positions and positive end expiratory pressure of canine lung for CT scanning. In each eight normal Beagle and Shihtzu dogs, a respiratory breathhold maneuver without spontaenous breathing at different positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 0 mmHg, 10 mmHg and 20 mmHg was applied with the position of right and left lateral recumbency, sternal recumbency, and dorsal recumbency and spiral-CT scans of the total lung were acquired. Slices were selected at three levels through the apex, middle and basal lung at the aortic arch, carina and just above the diaphragm and lung density was measured in the dorsal, ventral, and lateral portions of the peripheral lung field. Lung density in dependent areas was higher than in nondependent areas (p < 0.05) regardless of species, positions, anatomic locations at the PEEP of 0 mmHg and 10 mmHg. However, no significant difference of lung density was found at PEEP of 20 mmHg in both species except the dorsal recumbency in Shihtzu dogs. This density gradient in the dependent areas is strongly influenced by PEEP (p < 0.05). In the four positions on the CT gantry, the lung density at the dependent and nondependent location of the lung was greater at the aortic arch than at the base (p < 0.05). Lung density decreased on identical location according to increase of PEEP (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between right and left lung density at sternal and dorsal recumbency and no significant difference of the dorsal, ventral, and lateral portions of lung density at the right and left recumbency under identical pressure. It is implied that during chest CT scan with 20 mmHg of positive end expiratory pressure with right or left lateral recumbency, canine lung density do not influenced by gravity or anatomic location.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.510-515
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• 2011

This study was performed to quantitatively assess the normal lung volume and density according to the position by multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) in dogs. Helical CT of the thorax was performed on 4 different positions with dorsal, left lateral, right lateral and ventral recumbency in 6 Pekingese and 6 Maltese dogs. During CT scanning, dogs were kept hyperventilated. Through the 3-dimensional reconstruction of CT images, the lung parameters were measured as the volume and density of the left, right including accessory lobe, and total lung. 3D images represented the different lung shape between Pekingese and Maltese dogs. Their difference of total lung volume and total lung density was not significant on the each position in both breeds. Right lung volume was significantly higher than left. The difference of left and right volume was $66.91{\pm}25.1$ ml. Linear relationship was shown between body weight and lung volume of ventral recumbency position. The dependent lung had higher density and lower volume than nondependent lung in both breed dogs. The volume of nondependent lung was not changed compared with the volume on ventral or dorsal recumbency. The total lung volume measured with MDCT is correlated with the lung density, and the lung density is useful to predict the normal total lung volume.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2023

The change in the position of the abdominal organs due to movement by respiration is one of the reasons behind inaccurate irradiation of organs during radiotherapy (RT). Although studies in human medicine have revealed on the respiratory movements of abdominal organs, there is little information and no reference data for dogs. The purpose of this study was to establish the reference values of abdominal organs movement in various postures using computed tomography (CT), and to compare the movements of organs between dorsal recumbency and ventral, right and left lateral recumbency during respiration. CT images for kidney, adrenal gland, medial iliac lymph node, urinary bladder, gallbladder, liver, stomach, and thoracic and lumbar vertebral body of five beagle dogs were acquired. The movements of organs were evaluated by comparing the end-expiratory and end-inspiratory images. Movements of the organs were evaluated by dividing it into right-to-left, dorsal-to-ventral, and cranial-to-caudal directions. The movements of abdominal organs according to the change in postures and respiration were establish. The movement of the bilateral organs was the least when the organs were in the downward position (p < 0.017). The movement of cranial-to-caudal direction was greater than the movement of the other directions in most of the organs. Data obtained in this study may be useful in selecting the appropriate posture that can reduce the movements of organs to be treated with RT, and the data could be useful for setting the planning target volume to consider the movements of the abdominal organs by respiration.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 1997

Intravenous and oral acute toxicity tests in ICR mice and SD rats and percutaneous acute toxicity tests in SD rats and NZW rabbits were conducted to evaluate the toxicity of DA-5018 and DA-5018 cream, respectively Clinical signs observed in mice and rats after the administration of DA-5018 were similar regardless of administration route. The observed clinical signs were jumping, wild running, lacrimation, ataxia, reddening of extremities and ears, ventral or lateral recumbency, respiratory distress, cyanosis, convulsion and death. Pulmonary enlargement and hemorrhage were observed in the animals died immediately after the dosing of DA-5018. At terminal necropsy, pulmonary enlargement and hemorrhage, corneal opacity and focal scabbing and depilation around nose were seen. LD$_{50}$ Values of DA-5018 are 11.5 mg/kg (mice, male), 12.6 mg/kg (mice, female), 88.3 mg/kg (rat, male) and 73.2 mg/kg (rat, female) in oral toxicity tests and 11.0 mg/kg (mice, male), 18.7 mg/kg (mice, female), 0.12 mg/kg (rat, male) and 0.32 mg/kg (rat, female) in i.v. toxicity tests. In the percutaneous acute toxicity tests of DA-5018 cream, no deaths occured in all the tested groups during 14-day observation period. There were also no abnormalities in the general conditions, body weight changes and on necropsy findings in all groups. LD$_{50}$ values of 0.1 ~0.9% DA-5018 creams in male and female rats and rabbits are >2000 mg/kg./kg.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.269-271
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• 2013

Here, we report the poisoning case of 10 cows. Several distinct clinical signs such as convulsion, excessive salivation, circling, lateral recumbency, and death were observed. Necropsy and histopathological examination did not reveal any significant abnormal findings. Moreover, no bacteria or viruses were detected in tissue, blood, and feeding food. However, endosulfan was detected from the stomach contents and microbials. Our results strongly suggest that death of cows may be closely associated with endosulfan poisoning.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.469-473
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• 1999

A 120 kg, 3-year-old, male ostrich (Struthio camelus) was submitted to the veterinary teaching hospital, Chonbuk national university, for chronic weight loss, anorexia, small hard fecal pellets, and lethargy. Illness was first noticed approximately 2 weeks before submission. Although the bird was able to stand, he was extremely weak and cachectic. Blood examination indicated that the bird was dehydration (PCV: 55%). Fluoroscopic and lateral abdominal radio-graphic view indicated impaction of distended proventriculus with bigger rocks than normal. Anesthesia was induced with ketamine (10 mg/kg, IV)-xylazine (1 mg/kg, IV) combination and maintained with ketamine (10 mg/kg, IV) at intervals of 8 to 15 minutes during the entire procedure. After induction of general anesthesia, the bird was positioned in dorsal recumbency. The skin was incised approximately 15cm caudal to the caudal margin of the sternum and extended 20 to 25 cm caudally. After the proventriculotomy was peformed, the impacted material that weighed 3kg contained rocks in 4 to 6cm diameter was removed. The incision of proventriculus was closed in 2 layers. Cephalothin sodium (30 mg/kg, IV, q12hrs) and dexamethazone (2 mg/kg, IM, q24hrs) was administered before and after 5 days of the operation. The bird was eating well and defecating normal feces after 3 weeks of the surgery