• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.115-122
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• 2017

This study attempts to determine the extent to which late talkers are at the risk of delayed phonological development, in order to identify groups at risk and to find factors affecting delayed phonological development. A group of 1,452 children (51% boys, 49% girls) were recruited from the nationwide Panel Study on Korean Children. The current study collected data from 418 children who were previously identified as late-talkers (LT) at their age of three on average (Time 1: expressive vocabulary test) and three years later (Time 2: phonological test). Their phonological outcomes of the Time 2 were analyzed and then compared to those of a group of 1,056 children with typical language development (NLT: no late-talkers) at the age of three in terms of the number of incorrect consonants, and the speech sound disorders rating scores. LT showed a lower articulation score than NLT, and boys showed a lower score than girls. These findings indicate that the late onset of speech and the gender of young children could be potential risk factors of speech sound disorders.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.385-402
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• 2010

Most of the data warehouse (DW) requirements engineering approaches have not distinguished the early requirements engineering phase from the late requirements engineering phase. There are very few approaches seen in the literature that explicitly model the early & late requirements for a DW. In this paper, we propose an AGDI (Agent-Goal-Decision-Information) model to support the early and late requirements for the development of DWs. Here, the notion of agent refers to the stakeholders of the organization and the dependency among agents refers to the dependencies among stakeholders for fulfilling their organizational goals. The proposed AGDI model also supports three interrelated modeling activities namely, organization modeling, decision modeling and information modeling. Here, early requirements are modeled by performing organization modeling and decision modeling activities, whereas late requirements are modeled by performing information modeling activities. The proposed approach has been illustrated to capture the early and late requirements for the development of a university data warehouse exemplifying our model's ability of supporting its decisional goals by providing decisional information.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.443-447
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• 2012

Clearwing moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) are economically important pests of fruit trees, such as apple, peach, and grape in Korea. Larvae feed on the phloem and cambium within tree branches of host plants. In this study, the seasonal fluctuation in male catches of four clearwing moths, Synanthedon haitangvora, S. bicingulata, Nokona regalis, and Glossosphecia romanovi, were monitored with the respective sex pheromone traps in Suwon for three years. In apple orchards, S. haitangvora males were captured from May to October, with two peaks in early June to middle June and late August to early September. Similarly, S. bicingulata males were trapped from May to October, with two peaks in late May and late August to middle September in peach orchards. In vineyards, N. regalis males were captured from late May to middle June with one peak in late May to early June, while G. romanovi males were trapped from early June to late July with one peak in late June to early July.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.362-367
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• 2021

Objective: The impact of early mechanical removal of cumulus cells on fertilization and embryonic development is not yet precisely known. This study aimed to investigate the effects of early and late cumulus cell removal on fertilization, polyspermy, embryonic development potential, blastocyst development, and clinical outcomes. Methods: A prospective study was conducted of patients who underwent in vitro fertilization between September 2019 and October 2020. Sibling oocytes were randomly allocated after insemination to early cumulus cell removal at 6 hours (group I) and late cumulus cell removal at 16-18 hours (group II). If total fertilization failure (TFF) was determined to have occurred at early cumulus cell removal, rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was performed. Fertilization, embryonic development, and pregnancy outcomes were compared. Results: A total of 912 oocytes were assigned to group I (458 oocytes) and group II (454 oocytes). Fertilization, polyspermy, embryo quality, and pregnancy outcomes were not significantly different between both groups. Rescue ICSI enabled fertilization of 79.2% of the TFF oocytes. Conclusion: Early cumulus cell removal at 6 hours had no significant difference in fertilization, polyspermy, embryo development, or obstetric and perinatal outcomes compared to late removal. Early cumulus cell removal combined with early rescue ICSI may have the potential to help couples with TFF.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2015

This study aims to compare the differences between 'consonant inventory size' and 'phonological variability' in order to examine the phonological development and characteristics of the late-talkers and typically developing expressive language agematched children and to consider the correlations between them. The study participants included fifteen late-talkers and fifteen typically developing expressive language age-matched children(TED group). The results are as follows. First, as regards consonant inventory size, there was a significant difference between late-talkers and TED group. The late-talkers' consonant inventory size was less than TED group. Second, as regards phonological variability, there was a significant difference between late-talkers and TED group. The late-talkers' phonological variability was higher than TED group. Third, in the case of late-talkers, there was no significant correlation between consonant inventory size and phonological variability; however in the case of TED group, there was a significant negative correlation between consonant inventory size and phonological variability. Therefore, phonological ability should be considered in evaluation and intervention of late-talkers.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.101-111
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized scale to diagnostic life planning in late adolescence. A preliminary 32 item scale was developed through a literature review & a survey. 896 people responded to an online survey using the preliminary scale. A series of test, such as test-retest, item-to-total correlation, factor analysis and Cronbach' ${\alpha}$ reliability were conducted using the survey data and a scale comprising 31 items was constructed finally. The diagnostic scale for life planning in late Adolescence consisted of seven factors : (1) complete growth minds (2) life- plan (3) variety experiences (4) close relationships (5) management of healthy body (6) practical finance-plans (7) active preparation of future job. The scale is useful as a guideline for managing life of the late Adolescence. And it is helpful to them to make plan for the better life.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.17 no.2 s.35
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• pp.81-87
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• 1978

Late blight incited by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is an important problem for seed potato prodcution in Korea. At the alpine Daekwanryeong area, unprotected potatoes are often defoliated within 14 days after late blight is first observed in the field. Since regular spraying can control late blight, the forecasting service is needed for timely initiation of the spraying program. Climatological data and notes on late blight incidence were recorded during 1970-1977 at the Alpine Experiment Station. The moving graph method using 7-day average mean temperature and 7-day total rainfall did not give highly accurate forecasts. Adding data on relative humidity and 7-day average minimum temperature increased the usefulness of the moving graph. Yields of late blight susceptible varietieties in sprayed plots were related to late blight occurrence and to the rainfall distribution pattern.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2006

Development of placenta is a complex process that is critical for the pregnancy and controlled by many factors including cytokines, hormones, growth factors and apoptotic molecules. Recently, it has been shown that progranulin (PGRN) functions in growth of embryo and trophectoderm as well as cell migration. To initiate understanding the role of PGRN in human placental development, we investigated the expression of PGRN mRNA and protein in early and late gestation human placentas, term cytotrophoblast cells and two choriocarcinoma cell lines, JEG-3 and Jar. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction identified mRNAs derived from the PGRN gene in all samples. Immunoblot analysis showed that PGRN proteins are present in early and late gestation human placentas with decreasing levels over gestation and that PGRN proteins are present in normal and transformed trophoblast cells. Immunohistochemical analysis using paraformaldehyde-fixed tissue sections taken from early and late stages of pregnancy showed that PGRN proteins are present in cytotrophoblast cells, syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous cytotrophoblast cells and that expression pattern of PGRN differed according to the stage of cell differentiation. The results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that PGRN proteins have critical roles in placental development and suggest that PGRN may function in trophoblast cell growth and differentiation.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.44-47
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• 2000

Cell growth and DNA synthesis were studied from a cultured early- and late- pas- sage mouse aorta smooth muscle cell (MASMC) because the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a key factor in development of atherosclerosis. In this study, the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS) and stimulated by growth factors such as thrombin and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Compared to the number of early-passage MASMC (passage 3 to 9) the number of late-passage MASMC (passage 30 to 40) in a normal serum state was increased 2 fold at Day 1, 3 and 6 in culture, respectively. Incorporation of $[^3H]$ thymidine into DNA induced by serum, PDGF and thrombin in late-passage MASMC was greater than those in early-passage MASMC. We also examined whether intracellular zinc levels would be an aging factor or not. The intracellular zinc level in early- and late-passage MASMC was monitored by using the zinc probe dye N-(6-methoxy-8-quinolyl)-p-toluenesulfonamide. It is interested that late-passage MASMC increased the intracellular fluorescence level of zinc, more than the early passage MASMC did. The alterations of intracellular zinc level occur concurrently with changes in MASMC proliferation rate during aging. This data suggest that the age-associated changes in zinc concentrations may provide a new in vitro model for the study of smooth muscle cell differentiation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.345-360
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• 2004

The late sea-breeze and its impacts on ozone distributions were investigated during April to September from 1998 to 2002, in the Busan metropolitan area (including surrounding areas) using the surface ozone concentrations (obtained at 9 monitoring sites), local meteorological variables (obtained near the shore), together with synoptic data. The urban scale ozone concentration was also simulated using the MM5/UAM-V to better understand the role of late sea-breeze in Busan. The results from observation study showed that most of the late sea-breeze occurred when weak offshore synoptic flow (northwesterly) suppressed development of sea - breeze, and the ozone concentration level and frequencies exceeding ozone standard increased with the onset time of sea breeze. We also found that the late sea-breeze clearly induces relatively weak wind speed and high temperature during the daytime As a result it enhances the photochemical ozone accumulation and delays the occurrence time of the averaged maximum ozone concentrations. The results of simulation for high ozone episode (24 August, 2001) by MM5/UAM -V revealed that the late sea-breeze interacted with weak offshore synoptic wind can contribute significantly to high ozone concentration in the coastal urban area. The simulated horizontal and vertical distribution of ozone concentration indicated that ozone can be accumulated over the sea under stagnant condition and return to the land in the late afternoon with the sea breeze, suggesting both the relationship between late sea-breeze and recirculation and the importance of late sea -breeze effects influencing severe ozone pollution in Busan.