• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.58-80
• /
• 1984

The classification of islands is prerequisite for establishing a development policy to vitalize many-sided function of islands. We try to classify the 440 inhabited islands which exist in Jeon-Nam area and Kyong-Nam area by means of PCA. PCA begins with making correlation matrix of orignal variables. From this matrix we can comprehend the rough relationships between two variables. Next, we look for the eigenvalues which are roots of characteristic equation of correlation matrix. The number of eigenvalues is equal to that of original variables. We choose the largest eigenvalue λ$_1$among them and then look for the eigenvector of correlation matrix corresponding to the largest eigenvalue. Linear combination of eigenvector obtained above and original variables is namely first Principal Component (PC). Using an eigenvalue criterion(λ$\geq$ 1), we choose 3 PCs in Jeon-Nam area and 2 PCs in Kyong-Nam area. But we decide to consider only two PCs in both areas to faciliate a comparative analysis. Now, loss of information is 31.7% in Jeon-Nam area and 26.64% in Kyong-Nam area. PCs extracted by preceding procedure have characteristics as follows. The first PC relates to aggregate size of islands in case of both areas. The second PC relates to income per household, factors of agricultural production and factors of fisheries production in Jeon-Nam area, but in Kyong-Nam area it means distance from island and income per household. A classification of islands can be attained by plotting component scores of each island in graph used two PCs as axes and grouping similiar islands. 6 groups are formed in Jeon-Nam area and 5 groups in Kyong-Nam area. The result of this study in kyong-Nam area accords with prior result of study.

• 대한공간정보학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.87-95
• /
• 1999

본 연구에서는 고 해상력의 IRS-1C PAN 데이터와 다중 관측파장대를 갖고 있는 Landsat TM 데이터를 PCA(principal component analysis) 기법으로 중합하고, 중합화상을 이용하여 토지이용분류를 수행, TM 원화상과 분류정확도를 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 분류결과를 평가하기 위해서 10개의 분류항목으로 구성된 sample data를 생성시켰으며, 생성된 sample data의 전체정확도(overall accuracy)로서 분류결과를 평가하였다. 그 결과 여러 밴드를 사용할 수 있다는 이점을 가진 PCA기법으로 Landsat TM 데이터와 IRS-1C PAN 데이터를 중합하여 토지이용분류를 수행할 경우, IRS-1C PAN데이터와 TM13457의 중합화상에서 95.1%로 분류정확도가 가장 높았으며, 특히 TM123457 또는 TM 13457의 중합화상의 경우 TM원화상보다 분류정확도가 가장 크게 향상(6.2%)되었다. 또한 토지이용분류에 있어서 중합칼라합성화상이 TM 원화상 보다 전체적으로 약 5.16%의 정확도 향상을 가져왔다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.243-257
• /
• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution characteristics, source identification, and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in particulate matter 10 (PM-10), in Gwangju. PM-10 samples were collected from September 2021 to August 2022 from three sampling sites, one located in each of the following areas: green, residential, and industrial. The average concentrations of PAHs were found to be higher in the industrial area (9.75±6.51 ng/㎥) than in the green (6.90±2.41 ng/㎥) and residential (6.74±2.38 ng/㎥) areas. Throughout the year and across all sites, five-ring PAHs accounted for the largest proportion (29.8-34.5%) of all PAHs. The concentrations of PAHs showed distinct seasonal variations, with the highest concentration observed in winter, followed by autumn, spring, and summer. Source apportionment analyses were performed using diagnostic ratios and principal component analyses, which indicated that coal/biomass combustion and vehicle emissions were the primary sources of PAHs in PM-10. The incremental lifetime cancer risk was estimated for all age groups at all sampling sites, and the results revealed a much lower risk level than the standard acceptable risk level (1×10^-6).

• 대한산업공학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.393-401
• /
• 2007

Affective aspects of design attributes such as color, Pattern, and texture are important to the overall impression and the success of interior products. Among all the interior materials, wallpapers and flooring materials take up largest construction area and they are main components in creating affective impression for customers. This study aims to investigate the relationship between luxuriousness and related affective variables and design elements of wallpapers and flooring materials. The approach consists of 3 steps: (1) selecting related affective features and product design attributes through a literature survey, opinion of expert panel, and focus group interview, (2) conducting evaluation experiments, and (3) developing Kansei models using multivariate statistical analysis and analyzing critical attributes. Evaluation experiment was conducted using a questionnaire made up of 7-point scale and 100-point scale and 30 housewives and 20 interior designers participated in the evaluation experiment. The result of evaluation was analyzed through principal component regression and quantification I analysis. As a result of analyzing the survey data, the relationship between luxuriousness and related affective features and product design attributes was identified, moreover a optimal combination of the design component was identified. Consequently, it is expected that the results of the study would be a basis of the concept of emotion-based design by giving insights about how customers perceive the luxuriousness and suggesting the optimal combination, and providing specific quantitative design guidelines.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.203-214
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to classify the upper body of women into several kinds of somatotypes, using the method of Surgical Tape and making their shells. The subjects are 53 females 30 to 39 years-old. Fifty-three anthropometric data are measured per shell of bodysurface; six somatotype factors are obtained through principal component analysis and orthogonal rotation by the method of Varimax, Somatotype of women's upper body is achieved by cluster analysis, using the standardized factor score as an independent variable and the FASTCLUS of SAS by Kmeans. The results are as follows: 1. The number of the factors which explain the somatotype is six and those factors comprise 76.12 percent of total variance. Factor 1: related to the size of shape in the front of upper body Factor S: related to the size of shape in the back of upper body Factor 3: related to the type of the upper chest over the chest circumference line Factor 4: related to the length of·the upper body Factor 5: related to the part of the neck Factor 6: related to the type of the lower chest under the chest circumference line 2. Cluster analysis results in classification of upper body into five clusters. Cluster L: the length is the largest and the circumference is small. The part of waist is the largest and widest among surface areas. Cluster 2: Slender body line from chest to waist is characteristic. The length is longer. The part of upper and lower chest is larger among surface areas. Cluster S: the circumference is the smallest and armhole is small. The length and surface area are small. Cluster 4: the circumference and armhole is the largest. The length is the smallest. Cluster 5: the circumference is average and the length is a little long. The body line(silhouette) from chest to waist is curved slightly.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제76권4호
• /
• pp.338-347
• /
• 1987

죽간(竹稈)의 각종성장인자간(各種成長因子間)의 관계(關係)와 그의 배후구조(背後構造) 및 총합적특성(總合的特性) 등(等)의 성장생리(成長生理) 현상(現象)을 구명(究明)하고져, 전남담양지방(全南潭陽地方)의 왕죽림(王竹林)을 대상(對象)으로하여, 이에 다변량해석(多變量解析)을 실시(實施)하였는데, 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1) 상장성장인자군(上長成長因子群)과 비대성장인자군간(肥大成長因子群間)의 정준상관(定準相關)에 있어, 전자(前者)와 후자(後者)의 종합특성(綜合特性)은 각각(各各) 간고(稈高)($x_1$)와 최대절간직경(最大節間直徑)($x_7$)의 영향력(影響力)에 의(依)해서 형성(形成)되며, 양적성장인자군(量的成長因子群)과 질적성장인자군간(質的成長因子群間)의 정준상관(定準相關)에 있어, 양자(兩者)의 총합특성(總合特性)은 전자(前者)는 양면적(兩面的)($x_{10}$), 후자(後者)는 최대절간직경(最大節間直徑)($x_7$)의 결정적(決定的)인 영향력(影響力) 하(下)에서 형성(形成)됨을 알 수 있다. 2) 죽간(竹稈)에 대(對)한 10차원(次元)의 정보(情報)는 유효목표(有效目標) 90% 하(下)에서 2차원(次元)으로 간약화(簡約化)되며, 제(第) 1 주성분(主成分)($Z_1$)은 "크기의 인자"로서 면고절간장(眠高節間長)($x_5$)을 제외(除外)한 모든 성장인자(成長因子)와 매우 높은 상관(相關)이 있으며, 제 2 주성분(主成分)($Z_2$)은 "형상(形狀)의 인자(因子)"로서 $x_5$와 높은 상관(相關)을 가질 뿐 기타(其他)의 성장인자(成長因子)와는 거의 무관(無關)한 것으로 나타났다. 3) 죽간(竹稈) 및 그의 각종성장인자간(各種成長因子間)의 내재현상(內在現象)은 매우 높은 공통성(共通性)(94.16%)을 지닌 2개(個)의 공통인자(共通因子)에 의(依)해서 규정(規程)되며, 이에 의(依)해서 10개(個)의 성장인자(成長因子)는 분량(分量)과 형질계(形質系) 등(等)의 2가지 속성(屬性)의 인자(因子)들로 분류(分類)된다. 4) 공시죽(供試竹) 24본(本)은 대체적(大體的)으로 총합형(總合型), 체적형(體積型), 형질형(形質型), 열등형(劣等型), 중용형(中庸型) 등(等)의 5개유형(個類型)으로 분류(分類)될 수 있다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.337-351
• /
• 2008

Host-pathogen interaction in rice bacterial blight pathosystem was analyzed for a better understanding of their relationship and recognition of stable pathogenicity among the populations of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. A total number of 52 bacterial strains isolated from diseased leaf samples collected from 12 rice growing states and one Union Territory of India, were inoculated on 16 rice varieties, each possessing known genes for resistance. Analysis of variance revealed that the host genotypes(G) accounted for largest(78.4%) proportion of the total sum of squares(SS), followed by 16.5% due to the pathogen isolates(I) and 5.1% due to the $I{\times}G$ interactions. Application of the Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction(AMMI) model revealed that the first two interaction principal component axes(IPCA) accounted for 66.8% and 21.5% of the interaction SS, respectively. The biplot generated using the isolate and genotypic scores of the first two IPCAs revealed groups of host genotypes and pathogen isolates falling into four sectors. A group of five isolates with high virulence, high absolute IPCA-1 scores, moderate IPCA-2 scores, low AMMI stability index '$D_i$' values and minimal deviations from additive main effects displayed in AMMI biplot as well as response plot, were identified as possessing stable pathogenicity across 16 host genotypes. The largest group of 27 isolates with low virulence, small IPCA-1 as well as IPCA-2 scores, low $D_i$ values and minimal deviations from additive main effect predictions, possessed stable pathogenicity for low virulence. The AMMI analysis and biplot display facilitated in a better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction, adaptability of pathogen isolates to specific host genotypes, identification of isolates showing stable pathogenicity and most discriminating host genotypes, which could be useful in location specific breeding programs aiming at deployment of resistant host genotypes in bacterial blight disease control strategies.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2005

As three-dimensional range scanners make large point clouds a more common initial representation of real world objects, a need arises for algorithms that can efficiently process point sets. In this paper, we present a method for extracting smooth surfaces from dense point clouds. Given an unorganized set of points in space as input, our algorithm first uses principal component analysis to estimate the surface variation at each point. After defining conditions for determining the geometric compatibility of a point and a surface, we examine the points in order of increasing surface variation to find points whose neighborhoods can be closely approximated by a single surface. These neighborhoods become seed regions for region growing. The region growing step clusters points that are geometrically compatible with the approximating surface and refines the surface as the region grows to obtain the best approximation of the largest number of points. When no more points can be added to a region, the algorithm stores the extracted surface. Our algorithm works quickly with little user interaction and requires a fraction of the memory needed for a standard mesh data structure. To demonstrate its usefulness, we show results on large point clouds acquired from real-world objects.

• 한국자기학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.184-187
• /
• 1994

Czochralski 방법에 의해 성장된 $CsMnCl_{3}$ 단결정에서 $^{133}Cs$의 핵자기 공명을 Bruker FT NMR 분광기를 이용하여 연구하였다. 두 개의 다른 무리의 $^{133}Cs$ 공명선이 관측되었다. : 서로 다른 intensity를 갖는 두 cesium 스펙트럼에 속하는 여러 transition이 분석되었다. Cs(I)의 핵 사중극 결합상수는 $0.15{\pm}0.01$ MHz이고, Cs(II)는 $0.21{\pm}0.01$ MHz이다. 비대칭인자는 두 경우에 대하여 영이고, 일들 두 경우의 EFG 텐서의 주축은 같았다. EFG 텐서의 가장 큰 성분을 만족하는 Z 축은 결정학적인 c축과 나란한 방향임을 알았다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제52권6호
• /
• pp.740-744
• /
• 2019

Pacific white-sided dolphins Lagenorhynchus obliquidens inhabit cool temperate waters; in Korean waters, they concentrate near the coast of Gangwon and Gyeongbuk from late autumn to early spring. We collected 15 individuals from Yeongduk, Gyeongju, Ulsan, and Busan between December 2018 and February 2019 and analyzed their stomach contents. Fresh prey items were identified to the species level, and residual stomach contents that were unidentified due to digestion were filtered through a sieve to find fish otoliths and cephalopod beaks. The most important prey items of Pacific white-sided dolphins were cephalopods, composing 68.0% of the diet by occurrence. Fishes were the second largest dietary component, making up 32.0% of the diet by occurrence. Of the cephalopod species consumed, Watasenia scintilans was the principal prey item.