• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.4A
• /
• pp.440-449
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we propose a 16-QAM carrier recovery loop which is suitable for the implementation of Inmarsat M4 system receiver. Because the frequency offset of ${\pm}924\;Hz$ on signal bandwidth 33.6 kHz is recommended in Inmarsat M4 system specification, carrier recovery loop having stable operation in the channel environment with large relative frequency offset is required. the carrier recovery loop which adopts only PLL can't be stable in relatively large frequency offset environment. Therefore, we propose a carrier recovery loop which has stable operation in large relative frequency offset environment for Inmarsat M4 system. The proposed carrier recovery loop employed differential filter-based noncoherent UW detector which is robust to frequency offset, CP-AFC for initial frequency offset acquisition using UW signal, and 16-QAM DD-PLL for phase tracking using data signal to overcome large relative frequency offset and achieve stable carrier recovery performance. Simulation results show that the proposed carrier recovery loop has stable operation and satisfactory performance in large relative frequency offset environment for Inmarsat M4 system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2013.08a
• /
• pp.220-220
• /
• 2013

Surface-normal transmission electro-absorption modulator (EAM) are attractive for high-definition (HD) three-dimensional (3D) imaging application due to its features such as small system volume and simple epitaxial structure [1,2]. However, EAM in order to be used for HD 3D imaging system requires uniform modulation performance over large area. To achieve highly uniform modulation performance of EAM at the operating wavelength of 850 nm, it is extremely important to remove the GaAs substrate over large area since GaAs material has high absorption coefficient below 870 nm which corresponds to band-edge energy of GaAs (1.424 eV). In this study, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a transmission EAM in which highly selective backside etching methods which include lapping, dry etching and wet etching is carried out to remove the GaAs substrate for achieving highly uniform modulation performance. First, lapping process on GaAs substrate was carried out for different lapping speeds (5 rpm, 7 rpm, 10 rpm) and the thickness was measured over different areas of surface. For a lapping speed of 5 rpm, a highly uniform surface over a large area ($2{\times}1\;mm^2$) was obtained. Second, optimization of inductive coupled plasma-reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) was carried out to achieve anisotropy and high etch rate. The dry etching carried out using a gas mixture of SiCl4 and Ar, each having a flow rate of 10 sccm and 40 sccm, respectively with an RF power of 50 W, ICP power of 400 W and chamber pressure of 2 mTorr was the optimum etching condition. Last, the rest of GaAs substrate was successfully removed by highly selective backside wet etching with pH adjusted solution of citric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Citric acid/hydrogen peroxide etching solution having a volume ratio of 5:1 was the best etching condition which provides not only high selectivity of 235:1 between GaAs and AlAs but also good etching profile [3]. The fabricated transmission EAM array have an amplitude modulation of more than 50% at the bias voltage of -9 V and maintains high uniformity of >90% over large area ($2{\times}1\;mm^2$). These results show that the fabricated transmission EAM with substrate removed is an excellent candidate to be used as an optical shutter for HD 3D imaging application.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.502-515
• /
• 2020

To identify the dynamic characteristics of the Auto-leveling system applied to the Tractor-Trailer type Transporter for mounting a large scale precision equipment, Dynamics Modeling & Simulation were performed using general Dynamics Analysis Program - RecurDyn(V9R2). The axial load data, transverse load data and pad trace data of leveling actuators were obtained from M&S. And they were analyzed and compared with each other by parameters, i.e. friction coefficients on the ground, landing ram speed of actuators, and direction & quantity of ground slope. It was observed that ground contact friction coefficients affected to transverse load and pad trace; the landing ram speed of actuators to both amplitude of axial & transverse load, and this phenomena was able to explain from the frequency analysis of the axial load data; the direction of ground slope to driving sequence of landing ram of actuators. But the dynamic behaviors on the two-directional slope were very different from them on the one-directional slope and more complex.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.201-212
• /
• 2003

Recently, the ability of earthquake detection in the Kyungsang Basin of southeastern Korean Peninsula is greatly improved since seismic stations including seismic network of KIGAM(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) have been significantly increased. However, a large number of signals from explosions are recorded because of frequent medium to large chemical explosions. The discrimination between natural earthquakes and explosions in the Basin has become an important issue. High frequency local records from 43 earthquakes and 43 explosions with comparable magnitude are selected to establish a reliable discrimination technique in the Basin. Several discrimination techniques in spectral domain using spectral amplitude ratios among Pg, Sg, and Lg waves are widely examined with tile selected data. Among them the Pg/Lg spectral ratio method is appeared to be a good discrimination technique to improve the discrimination power. Multivariate discriminant analysis is also applied to the Pg/Lg spectral ratios. The discrimination power of the Pg/Lg ratios for distance corrected three component record compared to uncorrected vertical component one shows distinct improvement. In the frequency band 4 to 14 Hz, Pg/Lg spectral ratio for distance corrected three component record provides discrimination power with a total misclassification probability of only 0.89%.

• Journal of KSNVE
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.410-415
• /
• 2001

This paper describes an experimental analysis for improving the stability of blade failure due to the vibration resonance, which happens in the low-pressure steam turbine. Some cracks due to high cycle fatigue were found in the blades of a low-pressure turbine after long time operation. Impact test showed that such failure was mainly caused by the resonance. In other words, since one of the natural frequencies of the grouped blade is very close to the excitation frequency of the nozzle, the resonant vibration leads to a large amplitude of displacement and results in a large amount of stress that may cause fatigue failures in the blades. It is interesting that the blade failures occur only at blades neighboring with the nodal points of the natural vibration mode whose natural frequency is close to the nozzle passing frequency. The effective methods for increasing the reliability against the blade vibration are a heightening the fatigue limit of the blade using an advanced material and a removing the resonance away from the operating speed. It is well known that the removal of theresonance could be obtained by the installation of different types of shrouds, wires, and links between the blades as well as by the chance of the number of nozzles. In the present work, two kinds of modification for avoiding the resonance haute been considered; 1) slot-type finger, 2) long span cover. Full-scale mockup tests have been performed in order to confirm the verification for modification in the shop. Test results show that the use of long span cover is very useful to change the natural frequencies of the grouped blade and to avoid the resonance effectively.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 1993

In order to promote the efficient use of composite materials, effort is currently being directed at the development of design criteria for composite structures. Insofar as design against buckling is concerned, it is well known that, for metal shells, a key step is the definition of 'knockdown' factors on the elastic critical buckling stress accounting mainly for the influence of initial geometric imperfections. At present, the imperfection sensitivity of composite shells has not been explored in detail. Due to the large number of parameters influencing buckling response (considerably larger than for isotropic shells), a very large number of tests would be needed to quantify imperfection sensitivity experimentally. An alternative approach is to use validated numerical models for this task. Thus, the objective of this paper is to outline the underlying theory used in developing a composite shell element and to present results from a validation exercise and subsequently from a parametric study on axially loaded glass fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP) curved panels using finite element modelling. Both eigenvalue and incremental analyses are performed, the latter including the effect of initial geometric imperfection shape and amplitude, and the results are used to estimate 'knockdown' factors for such panels.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.134-137
• /
• 2007

The temporal evolution of wake behind a circular cylinder oscillating rotationally with a relatively high forcing frequency has been investigated experimentally using a dynamic PIV technique. Experiments were carried out with varying the frequency ratio $F_R\;(=f_f/f_n)$ in the range from 0.0 (stationary) to 1.6 at oscillation amplitude of ${\theta}_A=30^{\circ}$ and Reynolds number of $Re=4.14{\times}10^3$. Depending on the forcing condition ($F_R$), the flow was divided into three regimes; non-lock-on ($F_R=0.4$), transition ($F_R=0.8$, 1.6) and lock-on regimes ($F_R=1.0$) with markedly different flow structure in the near-wake region behind the cylinder. When the frequency ratio was less than 1.0 ($F_R{\le}1.0$), the rotational oscillatory motion of the cylinder decreased the length of the vortex formation region and enhanced the mutual interaction between large-scale vortices across the wake centerline. The entrainment of ambient fluid seemed to play an important role in controlling the near-wake flow and shear-layer instability. However, the flow characteristics changed markedly beyond the lock-on flow regime ($F_R=1.0$) due to high-frequency forcing. At $F_R=1.6$, the mutual interactions between the vortices shed from both sides of the cylinder were not so strong. Thereby, the flow entrainment and momentum transfer into the wake center region were reduced. In addition, the size of the large-scale vortices decreased since the lateral extent of the wake was suppressed.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.3 no.2 s.5
• /
• pp.221-225
• /
• 1999

In this paper, a new type of predistortion linearizer has been studied. It employs a series feedback amplifier with a large source inductance as a predistortion linearizer, which provides positive amplitude and negative phase deviations for input Power and can compensate for AM-AM and AM-PM distortions of power amplifier. This predistortion lineariaer consists of only one CaAs FET, large source inductor, input output matching networks and bias circuits. Because of its simple circuit, the linear can be operated over a broad bandwidth and has good thermal stability The characteristics of this linearizer can be easily tuned using source inductor, its gate bias condition. In fabricated linearizer, the third-order intermodulation distortion(IMD) for main amplifier alone is 10.61dBc, and the $IM_3$ for main amplifier with predistorter is 21.91dBc. Therefore, the $IM_3$ characteristic results an improvement of approximately 11dB.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
• /
• v.39 no.11
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2002

When decision-directed channel estimation is used for QAM-OFDM systems, the optimal shape of the two-dimensional filter depends on the amplitudes of the modulated symbols as well as the channel characteristics such as delay spread, Doppler frequency, and signal-to-noise ratio. While most conventional channel estimation methods did not consider the amplitudes of the modulated symbols because of the large computational complexity, we propose a simple channel estimation method for multi-level-amplitude-modulated systems. The proposed method can effectively reduce the noise variance of the estimates with small-sized filtering and there is a possibility of reducing the implementation cost and producing better results by avoiding the bias due to large filter sizes.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.1-24
• /
• 2017

Wind environment in urban residential areas is an important index to consider when evaluating the living environment. However, due to the complexity of the flow field in residential areas, it is difficult to specify the correct inflow boundary conditions in the large eddy simulation (LES). In this paper, the weighted amplitude wave superposition (WAWS) is adopted to simulate the fluctuating velocity data, which satisfies the desired target wind field. The fluctuating velocity data are given to the inlet boundary of the LES by developing an UDF script, which is implemented into the FLUENT. Then, two numerical models - the empty numerical wind tunnel model and the numerical wind tunnel model with spires and roughness elements are established based on the wind tunnel experiment to verify the present method. Finally, the turbulence generation approach presented in this paper is used to carry out a numerical simulation on the wind environment in an urban residential area in Lisbon. The computational results are compared with the wind tunnel experimental data, showing that the numerical results in the LES have a good agreement with the experimental results, and the simulated flow field with the inlet fluctuations can generate a reasonable turbulent wind field. It also shows that strong wind velocities and turbulent kinetic energy occur at the passageways, which may affect the comfort of people in the residential neighborhood, and the small wind velocities and vortexes appear at the leeward corners of buildings, which may affect the spreading of the pollutants.