• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.784-795
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• 1995

This paper represents the results of the experiments of the three-dimensional flow and the aerodynamic loss caused by the three-dimensional flow within the plane bucket blades. To research the secondary flow and the aerodynamic loss, the large-scale plane bucket blade of lst-stage in the low pressure steam turbine is made of FRP. The detailed investigation of the secondary flow and the aerodynamic loss using 5-hole pressure probe within turbine cascade has been carried out in the low speed wind tunnel. The limiting streamlines of the suction and endwall surface have been visualized by the oil film method. The flow visualization of the secondary flow has been performed by the laser light sheet technique and image processing system. By using the method mentioned above, it is possible to observe the evolution of the pitchwise mass-averaged flow deviation angle and total pressure loss coefficient, the secondary flow, and the aerodynamic loss through the cascade.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2016

A large amount of wear dust generated during train operation is a major dust source in urban railway tunnels. To check possibility of a louver dust collector for the removal of dust in the railway tunnel, five louver dust collector models were designed and their performance was tested in a wind tunnel. JIS Z 8901 Class 8 dust was used as a test dust. Pressure drop and particle collection efficiency were evaluated with the face velocity ranging from 1 m/s to 4 m/s. At this low velocity range, particle collection efficiency of the louver dust collector was found to be insensitive to air velocity and design parameters. Pressure drop was under 40 Pa, and $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ collection efficiencies were approximately 50% and 30%, respectively.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.177-196
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• 2001

At present the most popular turbulence models used for engineering solutions to flow problems are the $k-{\varepsilon}$ and Reynolds stress models. The shortcoming of these models based on the isotropic eddy viscosity concept and Reynolds averaging in flow fields of the type found in the field of Wind Engineering are well documented. In view of these shortcomings this paper presents the implementation of a non-linear model and its evaluation for flow around a building. Tests were undertaken using the classical bluff body shape, a surface mounted cube, with orientations both normal and skewed at $45^{\circ}$ to the incident wind. Full-scale investigations have been undertaken at the Silsoe Research Institute with a 6 m surface mounted cube and a fetch of roughness height equal to 0.01 m. All tests were originally undertaken for a number of turbulence models including the standard, RNG and MMK $k-{\varepsilon}$ models and the differential stress model. The sensitivity of the CFD results to a number of solver parameters was tested. The accuracy of the turbulence model used was deduced by comparison to the full-scale predicted roof and wake recirculation zone lengths. Mean values of the predicted pressure coefficients were used to further validate the turbulence models. Preliminary comparisons have also been made with available published experimental and large eddy simulation data. Initial investigations suggested that a suitable turbulence model should be able to model the anisotropy of turbulent flow such as the Reynolds stress model whilst maintaining the ease of use and computational stability of the two equations models. Therefore development work concentrated on non-linear quadratic and cubic expansions of the Boussinesq eddy viscosity assumption. Comparisons of these with models based on an isotropic assumption are presented along with comparisons with measured data.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.177-191
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• 2022

Trains emerging on a streamlined bridge-girder may have salient interference effects on the aerodynamic properties of the bridge. The present paper aims at investigating these interferences by wind tunnel measurements, covering surface pressure distributions, near wake profiles, and flow visualizations. Experimental results show that the above interferences can be categorized into two primary effects, i.e., an additional angle of attack (AoA) and an enhancement in flow separation. The additional AoA effect is demonstrated by the upward-moved stagnation point of the oncoming flow, the up-shifted global symmetrical axis of flow around the bridge-girder, and the clockwise-deflected orientation of flow approaching the bridge-girder. Due to this additional AoA effect, the two critical AoAs, where flow around the bridge-girder transits from trailing-edge vortex shedding (TEVS) to impinging leading-edge vortices (ILEV) and from ILEV to leading-edge vortex shedding (LEVS) of the bridge-girder are increased by 4° with respect to the same bridge-girder without trains. On the other hand, the underlying flow physics of the enhancement in flow separation is the large-scale vortices shedding from trains instead of TEVS, ILEV, and LEVS governed the upper half bridge-girder without trains in different ranges of AoA. Because of this enhancement, the mean lift and moment force coefficients, all the three fluctuating force coefficients (drag, lift, and moment), and the aerodynamic span-wise correlation of the bridge-girder are more significant than those without trains.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1182-1190
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• 2003

A parallelized FEM code based on domain decomposition method has been recently developed for large-scale computational fluid dynamics. A 4-step splitting finite element algorithm is adopted for unsteady flow computation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation, and Smagorinsky LES model is chosen for turbulent flow computation. Both METIS and MPI Libraries are used for domain partitioning and data communication between processors, respectively. Tiburon model of Hyundai Motor Company is chosen as the computational model at Re=7.5 $\times$ 10$^{5}$ , which is based on the car height. The calculation is carried out under both the wind tunnel condition and the road condition using IBM SP parallel architecture at KISTI Super Computing Center. Compared with the existing experimental data, both the velocity and pressure fields are predicted reasonably well and the drag coefficient is in good agreement. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the drag under the road condition is smaller than that under the wind-tunnel condition.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.521-530
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 대전의 대규모 공동주택단지의 하나인 대덕테크노 밸리의 계절별 주풍향 및 풍속, 건물배치, 환기구 위치 등 다양한 외부 유동 변수에 따른 실내 환기 특성을 수치 해석적 방법을 활용하여 연구함으로써 실내 공기질 향상에 일조하기 위해 연구를 수행하였다. 계절별 주풍향은 여름과 겨울에 큰 차이를 나타냈는데, 여름철의 경우 주풍향은 남풍이며, 겨울철의 경우 주풍향은 10년 평균 주풍향과 동일한 북북서풍으로 나타났다. 풍향이 변화함에 따라 최대 압력차가 나타나는 단지도 변화하였으며 그에 따라 환기에도 차이를 나타냈다. 내부 환기량은 환기 우수지역의 경우는 자연환기만으로 기준치인 시간당 0.7ACH를 만족하였으나 환기 취약지역의 경우는 자연환기만으로는 기준치를 만족시키지 못하여 부수적으로 기계 환기를 병행해야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 외부유동 변화에 따른 내부 환기량의 연구결과를 바탕으로 향후 아파트의 배치나 환기구 위치 선정에 응용한다면 환기량 확보에 일조하여 기계환기에만 의존하지 않고 자연환기와 병행이 가능하므로 에너지 절감에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1035-1044
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• 2013

면내 하중을 지지하는 면재와 면외 하중을 지지하는 심재로 구성되는 샌드위치 패널 구조물은 높은 비강도와 비강성을 가지므로 경량화가 요구되는 대형 구조물에 자주 이용된다. 그러나, 이러한 구조물은 필연적으로 높은 하중에 대하여 유연성의 증가를 일으키게 되므로, 이에 대한 구조 안전성 분석이 이루어져야 한다. 이에 대해 실제 풍하중은 거스트 영향 등을 비롯한 비선형성을 가지는 요소들이 고려되어야 하며, 구조물의 안전성 분석을 위하여 입력 하중에 대해 보다 실제 물리현상에 근접하게 모사되어야 한다. 이에 이 연구에서는 유체-구조 연성해석 기법을 이용하여 대형 등격자-보강 패널 구조물에 대한 구조 안전성 분석이 수행되었다. 입력하중인 풍하중에 대하여 보다 실제적 모사를 위해 불규칙 변동 속도성분인 거스트 영향이 고려된 랜덤분포 풍하중에 대한 유동장을 생성하여 압력-변위 사상을 통하여 연성해석이 수행되었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.126-138
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• 1996

1995년 늦가을인 11월 6일에서 8일 사이에 우리나라로부터 동해상으로 이동하면서 폭발적으로 발달한 저기압을 종관자료와 위성영상자료를 사용하여 분석하였다. 이 저기압은 중국북부에서 이동하여 한반도 국경 부근에서 경압성 구름(Baroclinic Leaf Cloud)으로 형태를 띠었고 동해상에서 컴마형(Comma) 구름으로 발달하였으며, 다시 저기압 최성기에 동반되는 Lambda형 구름으로 발달하였다. 여러 과학자들이 동해선풍에 대한 이동과 발달에 대한 수치모사에 따른 예보를 할 때 이런 저기압의 큰 경압성, 수증기의 지속적인 유입, 그리고 따뜻한 해양상으로 한파의 내습이 보편적으로 고려되는 것 들이다. 저기압의 중심기압이 24시간 내에 40hPa 이상 하강하는 이런 저기압은 겨울철에는 종종 강한 바람과 폭우나 폭설을 동반하곤 한다. 위의기간 중 12시간 연속적인 위성영상과 기상변수의 분석에 의하면 이 저기압과 관련하여 해면기압과 500hPa 기압고도의 중심은 기상위성의 합성된 강조적의영상을 사용하여 동쪽으로 이동한 전형적인 모습을 잘 묘사하고 있다. 열대성저기압의 강도와 중심기압을 가진 이런 저기압에 동반된 강풍은 60놋트로 북아메리카의 저기압폭탄이나 대서양 폭풍과 유사하게 하루에 44hpa나 중심기압이 떨어졌다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.285-298
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• 2019

For super long-span bridges, the aerodynamic forces induced by the flow passing the box girder should be considered carefully. And the Reynolds number sensitively of aerodynamic characteristics is one of considerable issue. In the study, a numerical study on the Reynolds number sensitivity of aerodynamic characteristic (flow pattern, pressure distribution and aerodynamic forces) of a twin-box girder were carried out using large eddy simulation (LES) with the dynamic Smagorinsky-Lilly subgrid model. The results show that the aerodynamic characteristics have strong correlation with the Reynolds number. At the leading edge, the flow experiences attachment, departure, and reattachment stages accompanying by the laminar transition into turbulence, causing pressure plateaus to form on the surface, and the pressure plateaus gradually shrinks. Around the gap, attributing that the flow experiences stages of laminar cavity flow, the wake with alternate shedding vortices, and turbulent cavity flow in sequence with an increase in the Reynolds number, the pressures around the gap vary greatly with the Reynold number. At the trailing edge, the pressure gradually recovers as the flow transits to turbulence (the flow undergoes wake instability, shear layer transition-reattachment station), In addition, at relative high Reynolds numbers, the drag force almost does not change, however, the lift force coefficient gradually decreases with an increase in Reynolds number.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2022

Tall buildings are often subjected to steady and unsteady forces due to external wind flows. Measurement and mitigation of these forces becomes critical to structural design in engineering applications. Over the last few decades, many approaches such as modification of the external geometry of structures have been investigated to mitigate wind-induced load. One such proven geometric modification involved the rounding of sharp corners. In this work, we systematically analyze the impact of rounded corner radii on the reducing the flow-induced loading on a square cylinder. We perform 3-Dimensional (3D) simulations for high Reynolds number flows (Re=1 × 105) which are more likely to be encountered in practical applications. An Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (IDDES) method capable of capturing flow accurately at large Reynolds numbers is employed in this study. The IDDES formulation uses a k-ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) model for near-wall modelling that prevents mesh-induced separation of the boundary layer. The effects of these corner modifications are analyzed in terms of the resulting variations in the mean and fluctuating components of the aerodynamic forces compared to a square cylinder with no geometric changes. Plots of the angular distribution of the mean and fluctuating coefficient of pressure along the square cylinder's surface illustrate the effects of corner modifications on the different parts of the cylinder. The windward corner's separation angle was observed to decrease with an increase in radius, resulting in a narrower and longer recirculation region. Furthermore, with an increase in radius, a reduction in the fluctuating lift, mean drag, and fluctuating drag coefficients has been observed.