• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.718-731
• /
• 2018

The beneficial effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been intensively investigated in recent decades with special focus on modulation of the host intestinal microbiota. Numerous discoveries of effective probiotics are driven by a significantly increasing demand for dietary supplements. Consequently, technological advances in the large-scale production and lyophilization are needed by probiotic-related industries for producing probiotic LAB for commercial use. Our study had a dual objective, to determine the optimum growth medium composition and to investigate appropriate cryoprotective additives (CPAs) for Lactobacillus salivarius, and compare its responses with other Lactobacillus species. The one-factor-at-a-time method and central composite design were applied to determine the optimal medium composition for L. salivarius cultivation. The following composition of the medium was established (per liter): 21.64 g maltose, 85 g yeast extract, 1.21 ml Tween 80, 6 g sodium acetate, $0.2g\;MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, $0.02g\;MnSO_4{\cdot}H_2O$, $1g\;K_2HPO_4$, $1.5g\;KH_2PO_4$, $0.01g\;FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, and 1 g sodium citrate. A cryoprotective additive combination comprising 10% (w/v) skim milk and 10% (w/v) sucrose supplemented with 2.5% (w/v) sodium glutamate was selected for L. salivarius, and its effectiveness was confirmed using culture-independent methods in the freeze-dried cells of the Lactobacillus strains. In conclusion, the optimized medium enhanced the species-specific cultivation of L. salivarius. On the other hand, the cryoprotective effects of the selected CPA mixture may also be dependent on the bacterial strain. This study highlights the necessity for precise and advanced processing techniques for large-scale production of probiotics in the food and feed industries.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2004

Chlorella contains a rich source of biochemical products with applications in the feed, food, nutritional, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and even fuels industries. Chlorella is one of unicellular green algae and is mostly grown in fresh water such as pond and lake. It grows in a manner of nonsexual reproduction so that it multiplies 4~16 times overnight. Large-scale culture is conducted by open pond culture or pure culture using fermenter. Chlorella has various efficacies such as heavy metal removal, degradation of toxic materials, control of arteriosclerosis, immunoprotective effects, anticancer activity and growth-stimulating activity of intestinal bacteria. Chlorella can be used as a taste enhancer and foodstuff, as it has a plenty of essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, sterols and chlorella growth factor (CGF). Chlorella is a potential organism which can be utilized for CO$_2$ removal and H$_2$ Production in environmental area and energy Production.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.106-108
• /
• 2020

An eight-month-old, outdoor, intact male English Pointer dog weighing 23.5 kg presented to the hospital with signs of hematochezia, soft stools, and weight-loss. There were no remarkable findings on physical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistry, electrolyte and gas analysis, and radiography. The serologic and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests for canine parvovirus were negative. A fecal smear examination showed rod-shaped, sporeforming bacteria. Additionally, a fecal flotation test showed ova of Ancylostoma spp. The size of ova was 60 × 40 ㎛, and it was identified as Ancylostoma caninum using light microscopy. The PCR test indicated a Clostridial perfringens infection and the presence of C. perfringens alpha toxin. The diagnosis given was C. perfringens enterotoxicosis with ancylostomiasis. Treatment included antibiotics (metronidazole, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and anthelmintics (afoxolaner, milbemycin oxime). After two weeks, the clostridial infection resolved, but ancylostomiasis persisted for six weeks. The anthelmintic was changed to Drontal^â plus (praziquantel/pyrantel pamoate/febantel). After four weeks, there were no remarkable findings in the fecal samples, but the patient still presented with watery stools and hematochezia. Survey of abdominal ultrasound had performed, and a target-like sign with multiple rings was seen in the cecocolic region. The patient was diagnosed with A. caninum-induced cecocolic intussusception from the history and clinical signs. After a surgery, he recovered fully. This is the first clinical case report of Ancylostoma caninum parasitizing from the small intestine and causing an intussusception in the large intestine.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.20 no.5 s.94
• /
• pp.355-358
• /
• 2005

Bacteroides is the most predominant bacteria in the human large intestinal tract. Bacteroides fragilis RoidB isolated from a Korean faecal sample showed high $\alpha-fucosidase$ activity compared to other bacterial species. The optimized meidum for the production of $\alpha-fucosidase$ from 8. fragilis contained BHI 37g, hemin 10mg, cysteine 0.5g, resazurin 1mg, vitamin K1mg, and starch 5g per 1 L. The crude $\alpha-fucosidase$ obtained through DEAE-sepharose and CM- cellulose chromatography showed optimum temperature and pH at $40^{\circ}C$ and 7.0, respectively. Among several metals, $Co^{++}\;and\;Zn^{++}$ showed strong inhibition on enzyme activity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.66 no.2
• /
• pp.398-411
• /
• 2024

Upregulation of the nutritional value of feed is the major target of various studies in the livestock industry, and dietary enzyme supplementation could aid in digesting the nondegrading nutrients of grains in feed ingredients. Dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) is a byproduct of the fermentation process in the beverage industry and can be used as a large supply source of fiber in feed. Therefore, we conducted an experiment with male broiler chickens to investigate the effect of various types of enzymes on DDGS and compare the efficacy of single enzyme and multienzyme complexes on growth performance and gut environments in broiler chickens. We used 420 1-day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308), and they were allotted into 4 dietary treatments with seven replications (CON, corn-soybean meal [SBM] diet; NC, DDGS supplemented diet; SE, 0.05 % of mannanase supplemented DDGS-based diet; MC, 0.10% of multienzyme complex (mannanase and xylanase, glucanase) supplemented DDGS-based diet. The dietary exogenous enzyme in the DDGS-supplemented diet could improve growth performance as much as the growth of the control group, and digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were significantly increased by enzyme addition in groups of chicks fed DDGS-supplementation diet. Moreover, the populations of pathogenic bacteria, coliforms, and Bacteroidetes were significantly decreased by enzyme supplementation, which might lead to improved gut mucus-secreting cells and inflammatory cytokines in the jejunum. Collectively, dietary single enzyme and multienzyme complexes could improve gut environments, including intestinal immune responses and gut microbial population, and lead to improvement of growth performance in broiler chickens.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2015

Lactic acid-producing bacteria such as Lactobacillus spp. function to ferment carbohydrates and produce ATP. Such Lactobacillus spp. are used for the production of commercial yogurts. Lactobacillus spp. are beneficial to the intestinal tract, and Lactobacillus acidophilus-containing yogurts have received considerable attention because of their preventive effects against early-stage cancer of the large intestine. In this study, lactic acid-producing bacteria were cultured from three different groups: commercial solid yogurt (for eating), commercial liquid yogurt (for drinking), and Lactobacillus acidophilus-containing yogurt. We first determined the optimum culture conditions for Lactobacillus spp. and then analyzed turbidity and pH in order to compare the growth abilities and lactic acid-production capacities among the groups. Finally, high-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure the lactic acid content in the culture supernatants, and the antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were compared among the three groups. The optimum culture conditions for Lactobacillus spp. were MRS medium at $25^{\circ}C$, for 24 h. The highest turbidity was found in L. acidophilus-containing yogurt, followed by liquid yogurt and solid yogurt. Similarly, the highest lactic acid production ability was found in L. acidophilus-containing yogurt, followed by liquid yogurt and solid yogurt. Culture supernatants from the three groups did not show any antibacterial activity towards S. aureus; however, supernatants derived from L. acidophilus-containing yogurt resulted in a 1.8 mm inhibitory zone against E. coli in a paper disk diffusion test. These results revealed the high level of lactic acid-production capacity and antibacterial activity in L. acidophilus-containing yogurt.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.84-97
• /
• 2016

Isolates from Korean fermented soybean paste were identified as Enterococcus faecium SBP12, Pediococcus halophilus SBP20, Lactobacillus fermentum SBP33, Leuconostoc mesenteroides SBP37, Pediococcus pentosaceus SBP41, Lactobacillus brevis SBP49, Lactobacillus acidophilus SBP55, and Enterococcus faecalis SBP58 according to conventional morphological and biochemical characteristics, carbohydrate fermentation profiling, and 16S rRNA sequence comparison. Strain SBP20, SBP33, SBP49, and SBP55 showed very resistance to simulated gastric and intestinal juices with final populations exceeding 6 log CFU/ml, whereas cells of SBP12 and SBP58 after exposure to low pH were dramatically decreased within 2 h. Among 4 strains having good tolerance to gastrointestinal conditions, the high adhesive ability to HT-29 cells, antibiotic resistance, and antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 were observed with SBP49 and SBP55, therefore, these two strains were confirmed as putative probiotic candidates. There was no significant difference between the sourdoughs fermented with SBP49 and SBP55 with respect to the values of pH, total titratable acidity, and viable cell count. During sourdough fermentation, SBP49 strain produced significantly greater amounts of lactic acid than SBP55 strain, which secreted large quantities of hydrogen peroxide. SBP49 and SBP55 strains producing the antimicrobial substances such as lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and bacteriocin effectively inhibited B. cereus and S. aureus inoculated in the sourdough.