• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.366.1-366.1
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• 2014

The rare-earth oxides M2O3 (M=La, Pr, Gd) are good insulators due to their large band gap (3.9eV for Pr2O3, 5.6eV for Gd2O3), they have high dielectric constants (Gd2O3 K=16, La2O3 K=27, Pr2O3 K=26-30) and, compared to ZrO2 and HfO2, they have higher thermodynamic stability on silicon making them very attractive materials for high-K dielectric applications. Another attractive feature of some rare-earth oxides is their relatively close lattice match to that of silicon, offering the possibility of epitaxial growth and eliminating problems related to grain boundaries in polycrystalline films. Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has been preferred to PVD methods because of the possibility of large area deposition, good composition control and excellent conformal step coverage. Herein we report on the synthesis of rare-earth oxide complexes with designed alkoxide and aminoalkoxide ligand. These novel complexes have been characterized by means of FT-IR, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.261-266
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• 2018

Hollow or bumpy ZnO structures with micrometer-size features have been investigated as photocatalysts for water purification due to their high surface area available for reaction with harmful organic molecules and relatively large size for easy separation after finishing the photocatalytic reaction. In this study, selective synthesis of ZnO hollow or crumpled microspheres was performed using a simple and versatile ultrasonic spray pyrolysis process with various zinc precursors. The morphologies, phases, specific surface areas, and optical properties of the microspheres were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, and UV-vis spectroscopy. In addition, the mechanism underlying the formation of different morphologies and their photocatalytic activities were systematically investigated.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.210-215
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• 2004

This paper proposes an implicit method for computing the minimum cost feedback vertex set for a graph. For an arbitrary graph, a Boolean function is derived, whose satisfying assignments directly correspond to feedback vertex sets of the graph. Importantly, cycles in the graph are never explicitly enumerated, but rather, are captured implicitly in this Boolean function. This function is then used to determine the minimum cost feedback vertex set. Even though computing the minimum cost satisfying assignment for a Boolean function remains an NP-hard problem, it is possible to exploit the advances made in the area of Boolean function representation in logic synthesis to tackle this problem efficiently in practice for even reasonably large sized graphs. The algorithm has obvious application in flip-flop selection for partial scan. The algorithm proposed in this paper is the first to obtain the MFVS solutions for many benchmark circuits.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.184-199
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• 2017

Silica aerogels are attracting attention due to certain outstanding properties such as low bulk density, low thermal conductivity, high surface area, high porosity, high transparency and flexibility. Due to these extraordinary properties of aerogels, they have become a promising candidate in thermal superinsulation. The silica-based aerogels are brittle in nature, which constrains their large scale-application. It is necessary to achieve transparency and flexibility of silica-based aerogels at the same time and with the same porous structure for optical field applications. Therefore, the present review focuses on the different sol-gel synthesis parameters and precursors in the synthesis of flexible as well as transparent silica aerogels. Also, a brief overview of reported flexible and transparent aerogels with some important properties and applications is provided.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2019

Activated carbons (ACs) are considered important electrode materials for supercapacitors because their large specific surface areas lead to high charging capacities. In the conventional synthesis of ACs, a substantial amount of carbon is lost during carbonization of a precursor. The development of a method to synthesize ACs in high yield would lower their manufacturing cost. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of high-specific-surface-area NaOH-AC from carbon prepared via a hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) route, with a higher yield than that achieved through conventional pyrolysis carbonization. The amorphous carbon was derived from HTC of sugar and subsequently activated at 800℃ with various NaOH etchant/C ratios under a N₂ atmosphere. The AC prepared at 4:1 NaOH/C exhibited the highest surface area (as high as 2,918 ㎡ g^-1) and the highest specific capacitance (157 F g^-1 in 1 M aqueous Na₂SO₄ electrolyte solution) among the NaOH-AC samples prepared in this work. On the basis of their high specific capacitance, the NaOH-ACs prepared from HTC sugar are suitable for use as electrode materials for supercapacitors.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2020

This paper is a study on data augmentation for small dataset by using deep learning. In case of training a deep learning model for recognition and classification of non-mainstream objects, there is a limit to obtaining a large amount of training data. Therefore, this paper proposes a data augmentation method using perspective transform and image synthesis. In addition, it is necessary to save the object area for all training data to detect the object area. Thus, we devised a way to augment the data and save object regions at the same time. To verify the performance of the augmented data using the proposed method, an experiment was conducted to compare classification accuracy with the augmented data by the traditional method, and transfer learning was used in model learning. As experimental results, the model trained using the proposed method showed higher accuracy than the model trained using the traditional method.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.519-524
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• 2003

Porous carbon with high surface area and pore volume was prepared by a reverse replication process and its toluene equilibrium adsorption behavior was investigated. The preparation process of the porous carbon was composed of fellowing sub-processes in series: synthesis and template preparation of silica gel, impregnation and polymerization of DVB monomer in silica template, carbonization of DVB polymer in a silica-polymer composite, and HF-assisted selective etching of silica in carbon-silica composite. The prepared porous carbon was nano porous and had ultrahigh specific surface area (2007 ㎡/g) and large pore volume (3.07 ㎤/g). The nanoporous carbon showed rapid toluene adsorption rate and good toluene adsorption capacity, compared with a commercial Y-type zeolite. In the present study, a reverse replication process to prepare nanoporous carbons will be introduced and its application potential as a gas adsorbent will be discussed.

• 센서학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2018

Gas sensors based on metal oxide semiconductors are used in numerous applications including monitoring indoor air quality and detecting harmful substances like volatile organic compounds. Nanostructures, for example, nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanodomes, and nanofibers have been widely utilized to improve gas sensing properties of metal oxide semiconductors, and this increases the effective surface area, resulting in participation of more target gas molecules in the surface reaction. In the recent times, 1-dimensional (1D) metal oxide nanostructures fabricated using anodic oxidation have attracted great attention due to their high surface-to-volume ratio with large-area uniformity, reproducibility, and capability of synthesis under ambient air and pressure, leading to cost-effectiveness. Here, we provide a brief overview of 1D metal oxide nanostructures fabricated by anodic oxidation and their gas sensing properties. In addition, recent progress on thin film-based anodic oxidation for application in gas sensors is introduced.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.407.1-407.1
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• 2016

Electrochromism is defined as a phenomenon which involves persistently repeated change of optical properties between bleached state and colored state by simultaneous injection of electrons and ions, sufficient to induce an electrochemical redox process. Due to this feature, considerable progress has been made in the synthesis of electrochromic (EC) materials, improvements of EC properties in EC devices such as light shutter, smart window and variable reflectance mirrors etc. Among the variable EC materials, solid-state inorganics in particular, metal oxide semiconducting materials such as nickel oxide (NiO) have been investigated extensively. The NiO that is an anodic EC material is of special interest because of high color contrast ratio, large dynamic range and low material cost. The high performance EC devices should present the use of standard industrial production techniques to produce films with high coloration efficiency, rapid switching speed and robust reversibility. Generally, the color contrast and the optical switching speed increase drastically if high surface area is used. The structure of porous thin film provides a specific surface area and can facilitate a very short response time of the reaction between the surface and ions. The large variety of methods has been used to prepare the porous NiO thin films such as sol-gel process, chemical bath deposition and sputtering. Few studies have been reported on NiO thin films made by using sol-gel method. However, compared with dry process, wet processes that have the questions of the durability and the vestige of bleached state color limit the thin films practical use, especially when prepared by sol-gel method. In this study, we synthesis the porous NiO thin films on the fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass by using sputtering and anodizing method. Also we compared electrical and optical properties of NiO thin films prepared by sol gel. The porous structure is promised to be helpful to the properties enhancement of the EC devices.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.361.2-361.2
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• 2014

Transition metal dichalcogenides (MoS2, WS2, WSe2, MoSe2, NbS2, NbSe2, etc.) are layered materials that can exhibit semiconducting, metallic and even superconducting behavior. In the bulk form, the semiconducting phases (MoS2, WS2, WSe2, MoSe2) have an indirect band gap. Recently, these layered systems have attracted a great deal of attention mainly due to their complementary electronic properties when compared to other two-dimensional materials, such as graphene (a semimetal) and boron nitride (an insulator). However, these bulk properties could be significantly modified when the system becomes mono-layered; the indirect band gap becomes direct. Such changes in the band structure when reducing the thickness of a WS2 film have important implications for the development of novel applications, such as valleytronics. In this work, we report for the controlled synthesis of large-area (~cm2) single-, bi-, and few-layer WS2 using a two-step process. WOx thin films were deposited onto a Si/SiO2 substrate, and these films were then sulfurized under vacuum in a second step occurring at high temperatures ($750^{\circ}C$). Furthermore, we have developed an efficient route to transfer these WS2 films onto different substrates, using concentrated HF. WS2 films of different thicknesses have been analyzed by optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.