• ETRI Journal
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.155-167
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• 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new paradigm that connects physical and virtual objects from various domains such as home automation, industrial processes, human health, and monitoring. IoT sensors receive information from their environment and forward it to their neighboring nodes. However, the large amounts of exchanged data are vulnerable to attacks that reduce the network performance. Most of the previous security methods for IoT have neglected the energy consumption of IoT, thereby affecting the performance and reducing the network lifetime. This paper presents a new multistep routing protocol based on cellular learning automata. The network lifetime is improved by a performance-based adaptive reward and fine parameters. Nodes can vote on the reliability of their neighbors, achieving network reliability and a reasonable level of security. Overall, the proposed method balances the security and reliability with the energy consumption of the network.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1688-1696
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• 2020

기존 클라우드 기반 Internet-of-Things(IoT) 시스템의 네트워크 정체와 서버 과부하로 인한 지연, 데이터 이동으로 인한 보안 및 프라이버시 이슈를 해결하기 위하여 엣지 기반의 IoT 시스템으로 IoT의 패러다임이 움직이고 있다. 하지만 엣지 기반의 IoT 시스템은 여러 제약으로 인하여 처리 성능과 동작의 유연성이 부족한 치명적인 문제점을 가지고 있다. 처리 성능을 개선하기 위하여 응용 특화 하드웨어를 엣지 디바이스에 구현할 수 있지만, 고정된 기능으로 인하여 특정 응용 이외에는 성능 향상을 보여줄 수 없다. 본 논문은 엣지 디바이스의 제한된 하드웨어 자원에서 다양한 응용 특화 하드웨어를 주문형 부분 재구성을 통해 사용할 수 있고, 이를 통해 엣지 디바이스의 처리 성능과 동작의 유연성을 증가시킬 수 있는 엣지 중심의 Metamorphic IoT(mIoT) 플랫폼을 소개한다. 실험 결과에 따르면, 재구성 알고리즘을 엣지에서 실행하는 엣지 중심의 mIoT 플랫폼은 재구성 알고리즘을 서버에서 실행하는 이전 연구에 비해 엣지의 서버 접근 횟수를 최대 82.2% 줄일 수 있었다.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.54-67
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• 2015

최근 사물인터넷 환경에서는 발생하는 센서데이터의 가치와 데이터의 상호운용성을 증진시키기 위해 시맨틱웹 기술과의 접목에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이를 위해서는 센서데이터와 서비스 도메인 지식의 융합을 위한 센서데이터의 시맨틱화는 필수적이다. 하지만 기존의 시맨틱 변환기술은 정적인 메타데이터를 시맨틱 데이터(RDF)로 변환하는 기술이며, 이는 사물인터넷 환경의 실시간성, 대용량성의 특징을 제대로 처리할 수 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 사물인터넷 환경에서 발생하는 대용량 스트리밍 센서데이터의 실시간 병렬처리를 통해 시맨틱 데이터로 변환하는 기법을 제시한다. 본 기법에서는 시맨틱 변환을 위한 변환규칙을 정의하고, 정의된 변환규칙과 온톨로지 기반 센서 모델을 통해 실시간 병렬로 센서데이터를 시맨틱 변환하여 시맨틱 레파지토리에 저장한다. 성능향상을 위해 빅데이터 실시간 분석 프레임워크인 아파치 스톰을 이용하여, 각 변환작업을 병렬로 처리한다. 이를 위한 시스템을 구현하고, 대용량 스트리밍 센서데이터인 기상청 AWS 관측데이터를 이용하여 제시된 기법에 대한 성능평가를 진행하여, 본 논문에서 제시된 기법을 입증한다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

Recently, the need for real-time systems which are providing various types of information that occur in large quantities in IoT environment is increasing. In this paper, we propose a middleware system which can monitor in real time on a web environment. The proposed system is designed to be integrated by using communication functions provided by a network operating system and external sensors. The proposed system is compared with an existing system and analysed by the server performance testing tool.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2019

Recently, a variety of IoT data is collected by attaching geosensors to many vehicles that are on the road. IoT data basically has time and space information and is composed of various data such as temperature, humidity, fine dust, Co2, etc. Although a certain sensor data can be retrieved using time, latitude and longitude, which are keys to the IoT data, advanced search engines for IoT data to handle high-level user queries are still limited. There is also a problem with searching large amounts of IoT data without generating indexes, which wastes a great deal of time through sequential scans. In this paper, we propose a unified spatial index model that handles both grid and trajectory queries using a cell-based space-filling curve method. also it presents a visualization method that helps user grasp intuitively. The Trajectory query is to aggregate the traffic of the trajectory cells passed by taxi on the road searched by the user. The grid query is to find the cells on the road searched by the user and to aggregate the fine dust. Based on the generated spatial index, the user interface quickly summarizes the trajectory and grid queries for specific road and all roads, and proposes a Web-based prototype system that can be analyzed intuitively through road and heat map visualization.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1238-1249
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• 2020

Throughout the world, aging populations and doctor shortages have helped drive the increasing demand for smart healthcare systems. Recently, these systems have benefited from the evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and machine learning. However, these advances result in the generation of large amounts of data, making healthcare data analysis a major issue. These data have a number of complex properties such as high-dimensionality, irregularity, and sparsity, which makes efficient processing difficult to implement. These challenges are met by big data analytics. In this paper, we propose an innovative analytic framework for big healthcare data that are collected either from IoT wearable devices or from archived patient medical images. The proposed method would efficiently address the data heterogeneity problem using middleware between heterogeneous data sources and MapReduce Hadoop clusters. Furthermore, the proposed framework enables the use of both fog computing and cloud platforms to handle the problems faced through online and offline data processing, data storage, and data classification. Additionally, it guarantees robust and secure knowledge of patient medical data.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.139-152
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• 2015

With the advancement of the Internet/IT technologies and the increased computation power, massive data can be collected, stored, and processed these days. The availability of large databases has brought forth a new era in which companies are hard pressed to find innovative ways to utilize immense amounts of data at their disposal. Indeed, data has opened a new age of business operations and management. There are already many cases of innovative businesses reaping success thanks to scientific decisions based on data analysis and mathematical algorithms. Big Data is a new paradigm in itself. In this article, Big Data is viewed as a new perspective rather than a new technology. This value centric definition of Big Data provides a new insight and opportunities. Moreover, the Business Analytics, which is the framework of creating tangible results in management, is introduced. Then the Internet of Things (IoT), another innovative concept of data collection and networking, is presented and how this new concept can be interpreted with Big Data in terms of the value centric perspective. The challenges and opportunities with these new concepts are also discussed.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.440-448
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• 2019

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the main enablers for situation awareness needed in accomplishing smart cities. IoT devices, especially for monitoring purposes, have stringent timing requirements which may not be met by cloud computing. This deficiency of cloud computing can be overcome by fog computing for which fog nodes are placed close to IoT devices. Because of low capabilities of fog nodes compared to cloud data centers, fog nodes may not be deployed with all the services required by IoT devices. Thus, in this article, we focus on the issue of fog service placement and present the recent research trends in this issue. Most of the literature on fog service placement deals with determining an appropriate fog node satisfying the various requirements like delay from the perspective of one or more service requests. In this article, we aim to effectively place fog services in accordance with the pre-obtained service demands, which may have been collected during the prior time interval, instead of on-demand service placement for one or more service requests. The concept of the logical fog network is newly presented for the sake of the scalability of fog service placement in a large-scale smart city. The logical fog network is formed in a tree topology rooted at the cloud data center. Based on the logical fog network, a service placement approach is proposed so that services can be placed on fog nodes in a resource-effective way.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a novel concept that allows a large number of objects to be connected to the Internet while also allowing them to be controlled remotely. The Internet of Things is extensive and has become an almost inseparable part of our daily lives. Users' personal data is frequently obtained by these linked gadgets and stored online. In recent years, the security of acquired data has become a major concern. As devices grow more linked, privacy and security concerns grow more pressing, and they must be addressed as soon as possible. IoT implementations and devices are particularly vulnerable to attacks that might adversely affect customer security and privacy, which might have an impact on their practical utility. The goal of this study is to bring attention to the security and privacy concerns that exist in IoT systems. To that purpose, the paper examines security challenges at each level of the IoT protocol stack, identifies underlying impediments and critical security requirements, and provides a rapid overview of available security solutions for securing IoT in a layered environment.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.140-146
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• 2021

지능형 IoT 장치를 사용하는 환경이 증가하면서 지능형 IoT 장치에서 송·수신되는 정보의 무결성을 보장하는 연구들이 다양하게 진행되고 있다. 그러나, 이질적인 환경에서 생성되는 모든 IoT 정보들은 신뢰할 수 있는 프로토콜 및 서비스가 완벽하게 제공되지 않고 있는 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 지능형 IoT 장치에서 처리되는 다양한 정보 중 중요 정보만을 추출할 수 있는 지능형 기반의 다중 블록체인 모델을 제안한다. 제안 모델에서 IoT 장치에서 송·수신되는 IoT 정보의 무결성을 보장하기 위해서 블록체인을 사용한다. 제안 모델은 수 많은 IoT 정보를 신뢰할 수 있도록 수집된 정보의 상관관계 지수를 이용하여 상관관계 지수가 높은 정보만을 추출하여 블록체인으로 묶는다. 그 이유는 수집된 정보를 n-계층 구조로 확장할 뿐만 아니라 신뢰도를 보장할 수 있기 때문이다. 또한, 제안 모델은 블록체인기반으로 수집 정보에 가중치 정보를 부여할 수 있기 때문에 유사 정보를 우선 순위에 따라 선택(또는 바인딩)적으로 지정할 수 있다. 제안 모델은 IoT 장치 수와 상관없이 실시간으로 처리되는 데이터 처리 비용을 유지하면서 n-계층 구조로 수집 정보를 확장할 수 있다.