• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2011

In this report, laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (LOHE) was performed on two, healthy, intact female dogs. Three ports, umbilical port for placing the laparoscope and the left and right paramedian instrument ports were placed into the abdominal cavity. First, in order to isolate the right ovary, the vascular pedicle was coagulated by activating the universal bipolar forceps. Then, the pedicle and suspensory ligament were transected by the bipolar electrocauterization scissors. In the same manner, the left ovary was isolated. The uterine body and the uterine arteries were coagulated bilaterally and transected just rostral to the cervix. The isolated ovaries and uterus were exteriorized through the left paramedian instrument port, which was extended by approximately 1 cm to allow for tissue removal. The skin and subcutaneous tissue were closed in a routine manner. Surgical times for LOHE in two dogs were 35, 40 min respectively. Total length of abdominal incision was shorter than 3 cm in two dogs. No clinical complications related to the LOHE were observed during 1.5 years after surgery. The LOHE is an alternative surgical technique that deserves further investigation.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2011

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of intraperitoneal bupivacaine instillation on postoperative pain after laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (LOHE) in dogs. Twelve female German shepherd dogs (17-30 kg) were divided into two groups. The treatment group received 4.4 mg/kg of instilled intraperitoneal bupivacaine diluted to 0.25% with an equivalent volume of saline after pneumoperitoneum, but the control group received 1.76 ml/kg of 0.9% saline. Two blind observers measured the extent of dog's pain and sedation by using dynamic interactive visual analogue scale (DIVAS) preoperatively and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 h postoperatively. At each designated time, blood cortisol, glucose, and creatine kinase (CK) concentrations were also measured. Based on the repeated-measures ANOVA, there were significant differences in time-dependent postoperative changes in patterns of DIVAS-pain score between two groups. In addition, the treatment group had significantly lower DIVAS-pain scores at 1, 2, 4, and 6 h postoperatively compared to the control group. DIVAS-sedation score and biochemical measures including cortisol, glucose, and CK did not show any significant differences between two groups. No complications associated with bupivacaine administration were observed. Thus, instilled bupivacaine intraperitoneally may be an effective method on relieving behavioral expressions associated with postoperative pain after laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy in dogs.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2011

Cardiovascular changes caused by $CO_2$ pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (LOVH) were measured in nine healthy mixed breed dogs ($16.7{\pm}4.6kg$). The dogs were premedicated with the combination of atropine, acepromazine, and butorphanol. General anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Controlled ventilation maintained partial pressure of end-tidal $CO_2$ between 35-45 mmHg. The $CO_2$ pneumoperitoneum was maintained at a constant pressure of 12 mmHg and the dog was placed in the $15^{\circ}$ Trendelenburg position as LOVH was performed. Dorsal pedal artery was catheterized for measurements of heart rate (HR) and invasive arterial blood pressure (IBP). Prior to the intraperitoneal insufflation, baseline measurements of HR and IBP were made every minute for a total of 10 min. Then, measurements of HR and IBP were made every 5 min following intraperitoneal insufflation and were also made every 5 min following desufflation for a total of 10 min. The $CO_2$ pneumoperitoneum during LOVH resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in systolic arterial blood pressure at the time of the onset of insufflation. In addition, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure increased significantly (P < 0.05) at the time of the onset of insufflation and 5 min following insufflation. The mean heart rate did not change significantly during LOVH. Although IBP showed sharp initial rise following the $CO_2$ pneumoperitoneum, the changes were within physiological acceptable limits in these healthy, ventilated dogs.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.408-411
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• 2012

자궁축농증으로 내원한 고양이에서 복강경을 이용한 난소자궁절제술을 시행하였다. 먼저 제대 port를 통해 5 mm working channel을 가진 10 mm 복강경을 복강내로 삽입하였다. Working channel을 통해 복강 내로 도입된 atraumatic grasping forceps을 이용하여 난소를 배측복벽으로 견인한 후 난소 동,정맥을 노출시키기 위해 난소를 배측 복벽에 일시적으로 고정시키는 transabdominal suspension suture를 적용하였다. 난소 동, 정맥과 난소걸이인대는 5 mm multifunction bipolar grasping forceps을 이용하여 순차적으로 소락절제하였다. 양쪽 난소의 절제 후, 제대 port의 꼬리쪽 방향에 5 mm 직경의 추가 port를 장착하였다. 추가 port를 통해 grasping forceps을 복강 내로 삽입한 후 절제된 난소와 자궁을 복강 밖으로 배출하였다. 이때 자궁의 배출이 용이하도록 port의 직경을 2 cm로 확장하였다. 자궁몸체와 자궁동맥은 복강 밖에서 결찰 후 절제하였다. 술 후 5주간의 관찰 결과, 복강경수술과 관련된 어떠한 부작용도 관찰되지 않았다. 본 증례는 고양이에서 자궁축농증 치료에 복강경을 적용한 예이다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.514-518
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• 2015

1년령의 중성화 암컷, 2.35 kg의 아메리칸 숏헤어 고양이가 난소 자궁 절제술을 실시한 후 3개월 시점으로부터 2개월간 지속된 발정 증상을 주증으로 내원하였다. 방사선 및 초음파 검사상, 양쪽 신장 후방에 위치한 낭성 구조물을 확인하였고, 이는 혈액검사상 나타난 고에스트로겐혈증을 고려하여 난소 조직으로 의심되었다. 복강경을 이용한 복강 탐색을 실시하였고, 양측 신장 후방의 낭성 병변을 초음파 수술도를 이용하여 절제하였다. 환자는 특이사항 없이 회복하여 술 후 2년간 증상의 재발 없이 지내고 있다. 증례를 통하여, 선택적 난소 절제술뿐만 아니라 잔존 난소의 경우에도 복강경을 유용하게 적용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.214-217
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• 2016

A 10-year-old, 24.1 kg, intact female Siberian husky dog (case 1) and 11-year-old, 5.0 kg, intact male Shihtzu dog (case 2) presented with chief complaints of polydipsia, anorexia, vomiting and exercise intolerance (case 1) and stranguria (case 2). Splenic nodule (case 1) and mass (case 2) were identified in these patients through ultrasonographic examination. Laparoscopic splenectomy was conducted for the histopathologic evaluation. In addition, laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy, liver biopsy (case 1) and castration (case 2) were performed for treatment or diagnosis of primary symptoms. Under general anesthesia, 5 mm three-portal access laparoscopic splenectomy was performed using the Sonicision$^{TM}$ equipment. The dogs were rotated onto right lateral recumbency. The spleen was elevated using a fan or goldfinger retractor, which revealed the ventral aspect of the spleen. Resection of vessels was started at the caudal aspect of the spleen using the Sonicision$^{TM}$. The excised spleen was removed from the abdominal cavity using a 12 mm endo-bag via the enlarged instrument portal. There were no post-operative complications in either patient. Histopathologic diagnoses were splenic lymphoid hyperplasia (case 1) and splenic nodular hyperplasia (case 2). Based on our experience, laparoscopic splenectomy is sufficient to replace traditional splenectomy in small animal surgery. The use of the Sonicision$^{TM}$ could be a novel surgical technique for three-portal laparoscopic splenectomy, regardless of patient size.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.44.1-44.15
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• 2021

Background: Intraoperative fluids are still poorly studied in veterinary medicine. In humans the dosage is associated with significant differences in postoperative outcomes. Objectives: The aim of this study is to verify the influence of three different fluid therapy rates in dogs undergoing video-assisted ovariohysterectomy. Methods: Twenty-four female dogs were distributed into three groups: G5, G10, and G20. Each group was given 5, 10, and 20 mL·kg^-1·h^-1 of Lactate Ringer, respectively. This study evaluated the following parameters: central venous pressure, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, acid-base balance, and serum lactate levels. Additionally, this study evaluated the following urinary variables: urea, creatinine, protein to creatinine ratio, urine output, and urine specific gravity. The dogs were evaluated up to 26 h after the procedure. Results: All animals presented respiratory acidosis during the intraoperative period. The G5 group evidenced intraoperative oliguria (0.80 ± 0.38 mL·kg^-1·h^-1), differing from the G20 group (2.17 ± 0.52 mL·kg^-1·h^-1) (p = 0.001). Serum lactate was different between groups during extubation (p = 0.036), with higher values being recorded in the G5 group (2.19 ± 1.65 mmol/L). Animals from the G20 group presented more severe hypothermia at the end of the procedure (35.93 ± 0.61℃) (p = 0.032). Only the members of the G20 group presented mean potassium values below the reference for the species. Anion gap values were lower in the G20 group when compared to the G5 and G10 groups (p = 0.017). Conclusions: The use of lactated Ringer's solution at the rate of 10 mL·kg^-1·h^-1 seems to be beneficial in the elective laparoscopic procedures over the 5 or 20 mL·kg^-1·h^-1 rates of infusion.