• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.19
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• pp.83-90
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• 1999

The aim of this study to present useful information on effective space composition by understanding education process of a preschool for children's education and required interior space for this process. The 6th education process of a preschool as the criteria on this study would be classified into 5 spheres as follows : Health life, Social life, Expression life, Language life. survey life. And the required interior space would largely be classified into interesting sphere and home sphere. As a result of analyzing the space composition, we can draw conclusion as follows : First, the interior spaces for properly doing children's education process have close relations. So, each sphere too independent or too unified is not good. That is to say, each sphere has closely organic connection for enhancing efficiency. Secondly, children's service spaces are considered to in children's education process. And the space had better be made for children only considering their physical states. Finally, we have to in advance process. And the space had better be made for children only considering their physical states. Finally, we have to in advance understand educational aim and program because space composition can be changed according to the aim of education process.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 2009

This study describes the furniture terms in English relating to the types (Jang, Nong, Bandazi) and hinges (Gyeongchup) of traditional Korean wood furniture considering furniture globalization. Traditional Western chest, commode, wardrobe, cupboard, secretary, cabinet, and bookcase, which store something such as clothing, books, tablewares, small things and so on, could be compared with the Jang, Non, and Bandazi in terms of the pieces' use in researching the terms between English and Korean language. Hardwares decorating surfaces of the pieces, including the furniture types and details, were studied according to the shapes and the uses in order to explore the two terms. As a result, the terms of chest (Gaew), commode (Seolapjang), cupboard/buffet (Chanjang), wardrobe (Ottjang), cabinet (Jang), secretary (Jang), bookcase (Checkjang), and Half-opened chest (Bandazi) were analyzed and proposed in Korean and English language. In addition, the terms of the hinges between the two furniture were studied as well.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.239-245
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• 2019

Recently, effort to obtain various information from the vast amount of social network services (SNS) big data generated in daily life has expanded. SNS big data comprise sentences classified as unstructured data, which complicates data processing. As the amount of processing increases, a rapid processing technique is required to extract valuable information from SNS big data. We herein propose a system that can extract human sentiment information from vast amounts of SNS unstructured big data using the naïve Bayes algorithm and natural language processing (NLP). Furthermore, we analyze the effectiveness of the proposed method through various experiments. Based on sentiment accuracy analysis, experimental results showed that the machine learning method using the naïve Bayes algorithm afforded a 63.5% accuracy, which was lower than that yielded by the NLP method. However, based on data processing speed analysis, the machine learning method by the naïve Bayes algorithm demonstrated a processing performance that was approximately 5.4 times higher than that by the NLP method.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.323-328
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• 2020

Purpose: Hope has been identified as a protective factor that contributes to achieving a better quality to life, especially in patients with chronic disease. The purpose of this review was to synthesize current knowledge about the relationship between hope and quality of life among adolescents living with chronic illnesses. Methods: We searched major English-language databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL) for studies from January 1, 2002 to July 12, 2019. Studies were included if they provided data on hope and its relationship with quality of life among adolescents with chronic diseases. Results: In total, five articles were selected from the 336 studies that were retrieved. All five studies reported a positive correlation between hope and quality of life, such that people with a higher level of hope had a better quality of life. Hope was found to have direct and indirect effects on quality of life in adolescents with chronic diseases. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should make more efforts to enhance hope in adolescents with chronic diseases in order to improve their quality of life. Future studies exploring how hope develops in adolescents with chronic diseases and the long-term impact of hope on quality of life are necessary.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.47-66
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• 2011

Malay society is rooted on the Islamic concept. That Islam influenced every corner of that Malay society which had ever been an edge of the civilizations of the Indus and Ganges. Once the letters of that Hindu religion namely Sanscrit was adopted to this Malay society for the purpose of getting the Malay language, that is, Bahasa Melayu down to the practical literation but in vain. The Sanscrit was too complicated for Malay society to imitate and put it into practice in everyday life because it was totally different type of letters which has many of the similar allographs for a sound. In the end Malay society gave it up and just used the Malay language without using any letters for herself. After a few centuries Islam entered this Malay society with taking Arabic letters. It was not merely influencing Malay cultures, but to the religious life according to wide spread of that Islam. Finally Arabic letters was to the very means that Malay language was written by. It means that Arabic letters had been used for Arabic language in former times, but it became a similar form of letters for a new language which was named as Malay language. This Arabic letters for Arabic language has no problems whereas Arabic letters for Malay language has some of it. Naturally speaking, arabic letters was not designed for any other language but just for Arabic language itself. On account of this, there occurred a few problems in writing Malay consonants, just like p, ng, g, c, ny and v. These 6 letters could never be written down in Arabic letters. Those 6 ones were never known before in trying to pronounce by Arab people. Therefore, Malay society had only to modify a few new forms of letters for these 6 letters which had frequently been found in their own Malay sounds. As a result, pa was derived from fa, nga was derived from ain, ga was derived from kaf, ca was derived from jim, nya was derived from tha or ba, and va was derived from wau itself. Where must these 6 newly modified letters be put on this Arabic keyboard? This is the very core of this working paper. As a matter of course, these 6 letters were put on the place where 6 Arabic signs which were scarecely written in Malay language. Those 6 are found when they are used only in the 'shift-key-using-letters.' These newly designed 6 letters were put instead of the original places of fatha, kasra, damma, sukun, tanween and so on. The main differences between the 2 set of 6 letters are this: 6 in Arabic orginal keyboard are only signs for Arabic letters, on the other hand 6 Malay's are real letters. In others words, 6 newly modified Malay letters were substituted for unused 6 Arabic signs in Malay keyboard. This type of newly designed Malay Jawi Script keyboard is still used in Malaysia, Brunei and some other Malay countries. But this sort of keyboard also needs to go forward to find out another way of keyboard system which is in accordance with the alphabetically ordered keyboard system. It means that alif is going to be typed for A key, and zai shall be typed when Z key is pressed. This keyboard system is called 'Malay Jawi-English Rumi matching keyboard system', even though this system should probably be inconvenient for Malay Jawi experts who are good at Arabic 'alif-ba-ta'order.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.1001-1021
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• 2012

This paper is concerned with John Ashbery's poetics of difficulty, questioning in particular the nature of communication in his difficult poems. Ashbery has an idea of poetry as 'information' to be transmitted to the reader. Meaning, however, is to be created by a series of selections among equally probable choices. Ashbery's poetry has been characterized by resistance to the interpretive system of meaning. But the resistance itself, as I will argue, can be an effective medium of communication as the communicated message is not simply transmitted but 'selected' and thus created by the reader. In Ashbery's poetry, disruptive 'noise' elements can be processed as constructive information. What is normally considered a hindrance or noise can be reversed and added to the information. In Ashbery's poems, random ambiguities or noises can be effectively integrated into the final structure of meaning. Such a stochastic sense of information transfer has been embodied in Ashbery's idea of creating a network of verbal elements in his poetry, analogous to the interconnecting web of hypertext, the most dynamic medium 'information technology' has brought to us. John Ashbery, whose poems are simultaneously incomprehensible and intelligent, employs ambiguities or noise in his poetry, with an attempt to reach through linear language to express nonlinear realities. It is therefore my intention to examine Ashbery's poetics of difficulty, from a perspective of communication transmission, using the theories of information technology and the principles of hypertext theory. Ashbery's poetry raises precisely the problem confronted in the era of communication and information technology. The paper will also show how his aesthetics of difficulty reflects the culture of our uncertain times with overflowing information. With his difficult enigmatic poems, Ashbery was able to move ahead of the technological advances of his time to propose a new way of perceiving the world and life.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.289-297
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• 2023

Technological advances in neonatology led to the improvement of the survival rate in preterm babies with very low birth weights. However, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has been one of the major complications of prematurity. IVH is relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as cerebral palsy, language and cognitive impairments, and neurosensory and psychiatric problems, especially when combined with brain parenchymal injuries. Additionally, severe IVH requiring shunt insertion is associated with a higher risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Multidisciplinary and longitudinal rehabilitation should be provided for these children based on the patients' life cycles. During the infantile period, it is essential to detect high-risk infants based on neuromotor examinations and provide early intervention as soon as possible. As babies grow up, close monitoring of language and cognitive development is needed. Moreover, providing continuous rehabilitation with task-specific and intensive repetitive training could improve functional outcomes in children with mild-to-moderate disabilities. After school age, maintaining the level of physical activity and managing complications are also needed.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2008

Rudolph Michael Schindler(1887-1953) has been known as one of the pioneering modem architects who pursued not merely stylistic expression but a true embodiment for the human life. His furniture design is particularly noteworthy in Schindler's building. He designed numerous furniture designs where it serves as a core principal of his interior design of each building. Nevertheless, despite his architectural accomplishments, his furniture design has less been discussed. This research focuses on investigating the notion and the characteristics of Schindler's furniture designs based on his architectural language. For an in depth study of Schindler's furniture, this study reconstructs the archival material by analyzing drawings and by fabricating scaled models to reveal the characteristics of Schindler's furniture. To do so, it concentrates on two things: On the one hand, the stylistic characteristics that have to do with simple geometry, human proportion, the use of material and visual technique; on the other hand, different furniture types. This article concludes by describing Schindler's furniture design that has grown from his unique design approach and its underlying formal and spatial design principles.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.483-530
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• 2018

Unpacking and dispersing rights of various kinds formerly enjoyed by a selected few has been the constant motivation behind the democratization and modernization of human society. Human rights and later civil rights have continuously been constituted and reconstituted in response to the demands of the laboring class, slaves, women, subalterns, animals, and things, expanding beyond the boundaries of class, race, nation, sexuality, gender, species and organism. Calling attention to the ways in which literary and cultural texts have narrated rights so as to inscribe these human, nonhuman, and inhuman demands. Narrating rights offer opportunities to interrogate the lasting contributions of English language and literature to questioning, reforming, and practicing rights. The interrogation is particularly pertinent in this age in which revised and dispersed rights are creating new conflicts, requiring them to be narrated differently and imaginatively so as to allow all the parties in conflict to participate in working out the conflicts. With the 2017 theme of "Literature and Human Rights," JELL editorial collective hope to explore the relationship between literature and human rights in its multiple simultaneous, and plural manifestations in an open platform. "Narrating Rights" is a double-edged task that, on one hand, reflects the singular life conditions or contexts of a human, inhuman or nonhuman being and, on the other hand, aspires to the perpetual process of rights' universal application. Eleven out of all the keynote speakers at the 2017 ELLAK Convention were invited to this roundtable on Literature and Human Rights. The following transcription includes the dialogues of the eleven discussants.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.253-262
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• 2002

Without the involvement of time in animation, it cannot be possible to create movement. Therefore, tine is the important element to create animation. In animation, the expression of the emotion of character is more complicate than the appearance. Time is one of element to use for express of the emotion. It can be divided two types of time as the real time and the animation time broadly. The real time has linear, irreversible and analogue form which is in our daily life. And the animation time has multi-direction, reversible, and digital form which can be detected in the movie. For the animation time, there are many types of time that are the running time, the production time, the subjective time, the objective time, the ambiguous time and the universal time etc. This study is to extend and enrich the express as film language through various types of times in animation. Time is one of important element that can be useful method for expressing many unique scenes in film art as film language.