• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.63-68
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• 2009

Most of agricultural reservoirs in Korea have no function of flood control except 5% of reservoirs even exposed to natural disaster. In addition, there are increasing needs for the reservoir to guarantee the release of environmental flow to the downstream. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to study the priority decision method for the reservoir redevelopment satisfying both water utilization and flood control. The major scopes of this research are to set up six priority indices and to make needed GIS data for calculating each priority. There is important consideration of obtaining the data or not in deciding the indices. Although the detailed indices is expected to better reflect redevelopment priority but the subjective indices like, 'opinion' and 'landscape' are excluded. From the results, it will enables the six priority indices to really assist in decision redevelopment priority of agricultural reservoirs.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.39-43
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• 2008

경관을 구성하는 다양한 요소들의 공간적 분포 패턴과 상호 관계를 정량적으로 분석하기 위하여 다양한 경관지수가 개발되어 사용되고 있다. 경관구조 및 변화특성을 정량적으로 해석하기 위한 노력은 1950년대 후반부터 기하학적 이론을 기초로 하여 제기되어 왔으며, 최근에는 원격탐사, GIS, 정보이론, 프랙탈 이론에 근거한 지표 등이 도입되어 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 연안습지 식생의 발달과 분포 특성을 공간적으로 해석하기 위해 Landsat 영상에 분광혼합분석 기법을 적용하여 선정한 지표면 식생비율을 10개 클래스로 구분한 후 각 클래스에 대해 경관지수를 적용하여 식생비율의 시-공간적 변동 특성을 분석하였다. 새만금방조제를 비롯한 많은 연안습지에 생성되는 습지식생의 공간적 분포를 변화탐지 하고 이들의 시-공간적 분포에 영향을 미치는 요인을 해석하여 연안습지의 보존과 개발에 대한 기초 정보를 위성자료를 통해 추출 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.110-119
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• 2007

This study's objects are to predict distribution and to assess vulnerability of sub-alpine vegetations in the Korean peninsula for climate change using various climate models. This study validates relationship between sub-alpine vegetations and environmental factors using Pearson correlation analysis. Then, the future distribution of sub-alpine vegetations are predicted by a logistic regression. The major findings in this study are; First, spring mean temperature (March-May), total precipitation, elevation and warmth index are highly influencing factors to the distribution of sub-alpine vegetations. Second, the sub-alpine vegetations will be disappeared in South Korea and concentrated around Baekdu Mountain in North Korea. North Korea is predicted to have serious impact of climate change because temperature will be increased higher than in South Korea. The study findings concluded that the assessment of the future vulnerability of sub-alpine vegetations to climate change are significant.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 2007

Allometry, basal area equations, and volume equations were developed with various tree measurement variables for the major species, Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis, in Korean natural hardwood forests. For allometry models, the relationships between total height-DBH, crown width-DBH, height to the widest portion of the crown-total height, and height to base of crown-total height were investigated. Multiple regression methods were used to relate annual basal area growth to tree variables of initial size (DBH, total height, crown width) and relative size (relative diameter, relative height) as well as competition measures (competition index, crown class, exposed crown area, percent exposed crown area, live crown ratio). For tree volume equations, the combined-variable and Schumacher models were fitted with DBH, total height and crown width for both species.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.320-326
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• 2016

Rip current forecasts, based on intensity, are marked in four levels—notice, watch, warning, and danger. However, numerical results are represented by current vectors, whose magnitudes are then converted into predictive levels. In the present study, the rose diagram is adapted as a determinative forecasting index and examined for the case of an ideal rip channel consisting of surface, bottom, and averaged currents. Further, it is employed in the sensitivity analysis of wave-induced currents generated by wave conditions at the Haeundae Beach. The simulation of surface onshore and bottom undertow currents is accomplished by including a mass flux term in the wave-averaged continuity equation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.468-486
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• 2007

It was found that vascular plants distributed at Yeondo islet were composed of 107 families, 312 genera, 408 species, 2 subspecies, 51 varieties and 5 forms, totaling 466 taxa. 39 species including Myrica rubra among the 466 taxa were evergreen broad-leaved tree, and as for flora region science-based specially designated plants by the Ministry of Environment, it was surveyed that 85 taxa(46 families, 70 genera, 80 species and 5 varieties) were distributed by identifying 53 taxa in grade one, 1 taxa in grade two, 26 taxa in grade three, 3 taxa in grade four, and Milletia japonica and Arisaema negishii in grade five. In the naturalized plants, a total of 42 taxa(13 families, 37 genera, 40 species and 2 varieties) were surveyed to be distributed and the ratio of their naturalization and Urbanization Index was analyzed to be 9.01% and 14.63%, respectively. Life form spectra bore a type of H-Dl-R5-e. Vegetation of Yeondo islet are classified as Pinus thunbergii community and Castanopsis sieboldii community, and Miscanthus sinesis var. purpurascens community spread on an gently slanted mountain side.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.146-154
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• 2012

As Damyang has preserved both beautiful natural environment and tradition very well, it needs colors which can coexist with Damyang while preserving it as it is rather than colorful and refined colors. However, the present Damyang deteriorates the quality of beautiful natural scenes by chaotic uses of colors. Therefore, colors which can represent symbolism based on the present colors of Damyang should be used so that everyone can be pleased with them. Finally, the basic colors decided were classified into main, supplement and highlight colors in consideration of characteristics of each scene and they were effectively arranged based on the colors decided. If such colors and color schemes are properly applied according to characteristics of scenes, ecological, historical, cultural and traditional scenes of Damyang can be preserved consistently. Academic literature uses the abstract to succinctly communicate complex research. An abstract may act as a stand-alone entity instead of a full paper. As such, an abstract is used by many organizations as the basis for selecting research that is proposed for presentation in the form of a poster, platform/oral presentation or workshop presentation at an academic conference. Most literature database search engines index only abstracts rather than providing the entire text of the paper. Full texts of scientific papers must often be purchased because of copyright and/or publisher fees and therefore the abstract is a significant selling point for the reprint or electronic version of the full-text. Abstracts are protected under copyright law just as any other form of written speech is protected. However, publishers of scientific articles invariably make abstracts publicly available, even when the article itself is protected by a toll barrier. For example, articles in the biomedical literature are available publicly from medline which is accessible through design. It is a common misconception that the abstracts in medline provide sufficient information for medical practitioners, students, scholars and patients. The abstract can convey the main results and conclusions of a scientific article but the full text article must be consulted for details of the methodology.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.719-729
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• 2012

Baekdudan has 670km long within South Korea, so the study for detail vegetation characteristics is needed. In this study, we surveyed the plant community structure from Daetjae to Baekbongryung for the next restoration and management plan. We designated 40 quadrats ($10m{\times}10m(100m^2)$ for this study. As a result of TWINSPAN, plant community separated 8 different communities such as Abies koreana comm., Pinus densiflora comm., Quercus mongolica comm. and Larix kaempferi comm. etc. Abies koreana comm. and Pinus densiflora comm. which is mainly located in the mountain ridge and near rocks are needed avoidance from the competition with Quercus mongolica comm. The possibility of atrophy of these communities is to be high, the protection is needed. Species diversity index was between 0.8046~1.1283. Most communities have multi-layer structure and have the ecological value of protection.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.29-44
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• 2016

This study was carried out to the structure of plant community, and ecological succession sere of forest ecosystem in Soguemgang Valley, Odaesan National Park. Fifteenth plots(size is $20m{\times}20m$) were set up and the results analyzed by DCA which is one of the ordination technique showed that the plant communities were divided into seven groups which area community I(Quercus variabilis-Pinus densiflora community), II(Pinus densiflora community), III(Pinus densiflora-Quercus variabilis community), IV(Pinus densiflora-Quercus serrata community), V(Quercus serrata community), VI(Pinus densiflora-Deciduous broad-leaved plant community), VII(Cornus controversa-Carpinus laxiflora community). Shannon diversity index per $400m^2$ was to 0.7777 to 1.1440 and the age of Pinus densiflora 86 years old, Quercus variabilis was ranged from 66 to 87 years old, Quercus serrata was ranged from 51 to 62 years old, Carpinus laxiflora was 94 years old. In 2013, the succession trend was predicted Pinus densiflora${\rightarrow}$Quercus variabilis, Quercus serrata ${\rightarrow}$Cornus controversa, Carpinus laxiflora. The ecological sucession progress has declined power of the Pinus densiflora and the increased power of the deciduous broad-leaved and Quercus spp. in Soguemgang Valley, Odaesan National Park. Quercus serrata and Quercus variabilis communities that judged Pinus densiflora were progressing by direction of landform. The southern slopes vegetation were progressing for Quercus variabilis, the northern slopes vegetation were progressing for Quercus serrata. In flat Valley, mainly native species of Cornus controversa, Carpinus laxiflora are predicted ecological succession for deciduous broad-leaved tree community.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.413-418
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was performed to examine the effect of action observation training on sit to-walk times in chronic stroke patients. Methods: Twelve stroke patients were randomly allocated to two groups, as follows: an action observation training (AOT) group and a scenery picture observation (SPO) group. The AOT group was engaged in video observation for 2 minutes 30 seconds with 12 ADL functional activities related to the sit-to-walk task: physical training was carried out in two repetitions lasting 2 minutes 30 seconds. The landscape imagery control group observed landscape picture for 2 minutes 30 seconds and then carried out the same physical training. The intervention involved a total of 12 sessions over 4 weeks, and each session lasted 30 minutes. The pre and post-tests measured the timed up and go test (TUG), Sit to stand test (STS), and Dynamic gait index (DGI). The Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to compare pre-test and post-test result, and the Mann-Whitney U test was employed for comparison between groups. Results: The TUG time was significantly different between the AOT group and the SPO group. According to the findings, the experimental group's TUG was significantly decreased (p<0.05). In comparison of the two groups, there was no significant in STS or DGI between the AOT group and SPO group. Conclusion: This study showed that the intervention can be used to decrease TUG time. Our research suggests that action observation training has a positive effect on sit-to-walk times in patients with chronic stroke.