• Architectural research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.145-154
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• 2020

Zoning has long been criticized for its negative effects and has been taken for granted that zoning works as a hurdle to urban diversity. Responses in the US have emphasized more fine-grained zoning approaches that plan mixed use. This paper introduces and evaluates Seoul's zoning system as a possible alternative. While US zoning regulations have relied on distinguishing ever larger numbers of land use zoning categories, Seoul has opted to integrate new land uses into existing classifications, allowing for greater flexibility of use in each zone. Using municipal building records to evaluate land use in three mid-density residential districts, this paper demonstrates that Seoul's flexible zoning is capable of producing diverse mixed use neighborhoods. It then highlights the potential downside of this approach, showing that flexibility allows for the commercialization and sectoral gentrification of residential districts. It concludes by suggesting that a combination of flexible zones and more fine-grained plans would capture the advantages of both US and Korean planning.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.23-32
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• 2004

A spatial simulation model for rural and urban sprawl phenomena was developed with GIS and cellular automata techniques. The model finds out built-up areas invading toward rural areas required for development of existing urban area. Probability of land use change for optimizing the development area was determined using a land suitability analysis method interfaced with GIS methods, based on several criteria in terms of geographic and accessibility factors such as slope of land and distance from city center. Weighting values of the criteria were quantified by an analytic hierarchy process method. For model applicability test, the parameters of criteria were calibrated based on the changes in time series land use data of the test city for 1986, 1996, and 2000, which were classified by remote sensing techniques. Simulated and observed areas in land use maps for city shape of 1996 showed good similarities with each other through a morphology verification method. The model enabled us to evaluate the spatial expansion phenomena of cities considering boundary conditions, and also to simulate land use planning for rural areas in urban fringe.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.8-14
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• 2001

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.301-322
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• 1996

This study is first aimed at identifying the possibility of labour saving and production cost decreasing in rice production with respect to seed broad casting technology. Comparison of labour inputs and production costs of rice in-between USA and Korea and recommendation of policy guidelines for the continous rice cultivation are the second objective of this study. Under the WTO system, rice enterprice is the most vulnerable crop in the sense of labour productivity and price competitiveness in the international market. How to adapt labour saving technology and how to decrease production costs are the most imminent problems to be solved in rice production. To achieve the objectives, survey on nine rice enterprice farms were made in Daeho tidal farmland with respect to the size of farm, labour inputs, productivity, farm mechanization and farm land base development. The existing data on labour saving technology by seed broadcasting which had surveyed by Rural Development Administration were collected to compare the surveyed data from Daeho tidal farm land The study results and policy recommendation are summarized as follows; 1. Labour requirements per 10a for rice enterprise farms with seed broadcasting and with transplanting were estimated 11.4 and 18.5hours respectively. 'This above labour inputs were equivalent to 1/3-1/5 of the national average labour inputs of 53.6 hours which were included transplanting and harvesting by machinery. Considering the labour requirement of 1.7 hours per 10a for the USA rice production, Korea rice culture has possibility to decrease labour demand upto USA level of labour inputs. 2. Production cost of rice in Korea were estimated US$4,181 per ha which were higher than that of USA by 3.00 times and production costs per ton were shown as US$313 for USA rice and US$1,018 for Korean rice. 3. Land productivity of rice per 10a in America was reached to 4,325kg and the counterpart of Korea was about 4,181kg in recent year. In the sense of land productivity, both yields of rice were comparable. 4. The price of japonica type rice similar to Korean traditional rice in international market in 1994 was f.o.b US$466 per ton which was equivalent to import parity price of US$830 per ton in domestic market. The price of rice purchased by Korean G't and received by farmers were amounted to US$ 2,013 and US$ 1,663 respectively in the same year. Domestic prices mentioned above were higher than the import parity price as US$830 by 2.0-2.4 times. 5. American rice production competitive to Korean rice was equivalent to 17,012 thousand tons, 1.28% of the world production of rice in 1991 and consumption of rice in America was amounted to 2,633 thousand tons. Exportable quantity of USA rice were estimated as 4,379 thousand tons of which 52.3%, 2,300 thousand tons, were exported indeed in the same year. 6. The quantity of Korean rice produced in 1991 was estimated 1.00% of the world production. The world amount of rice exported in 1991 was reached to 2.45% of the world production of which 34.2% was occupied by USA The remaining quantities of world exported rice were dominated by Tiland, Pakistan and Vietnam where produced indica variety. 7. Under the given technology, labour inputs per 10a for rice production could be possible to save by 70% of the national average labour requirement of 53.6 hours through implmenting complete farm mechanization with land consolidation and on-farm development and improvement of fanning practices like seedbroad casting txchnology etc. On the other hand, prduction costs of rice could be decreased by 10% rather than 49% as target indicated in the Rural Development Counter Measures of Korean Government in 1994 owing to increasing farm mechanization cost and interest on land service with high price. Accordingly production cost of rice per kg could be decreased only by 10% of the 1994 production cost. 8. Rice policy of Korean government in the future should take into account the labour saving technology to solve labour shortage in rural area and to enhance off-farm incomes by creating job opportunities in agro-industrial zones and special production area. On account of the staple food and main energy source for people's health, rice production even encountered vulnerable economic settings should be continued without price distortion policies and discouraging farmer's intention to cultivate rice by importing institutionally the direct income subsidy system.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2012

The primary purposes of this study are to identify the characteristics of land development in urban area through GIS and remote sensing techniques and to provide useful implications for urban spatial policy. To perform these tasks, Daegu metropolitan city and its vicinities were selected as a study area, and remote sensing data and attributed data were collected, organized and analyzed. This study focuses on the following three steps. First, it identifies the characteristics of land development in urban areas by utilizing multi-temporal satellite image data (Landsat TM, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005). Second, it tries to find an answer on a critical question concerning land use conversion, i.e., which land use leads expansion of urban area? Third, it derives implications for urban spatial policies based on these findings. The characteristics of the urban extents tell us that the main land use converted into urban use from non-urban uses is green areas. The public sector, central and local governments, leads the land use conversions of suburban lands as exclusive legal body to issue permission of land use change. Based on these findings, this study concludes that the more systematic and technically advanced management tools should be utilized for more effective spatial management for urban growth.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.764-767
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• 2006

It can be important framework data to monitor the change of land-use pattern of river boundary in design and management of river. This study analyzed the change of land-use pattern of Gab- and Yudeung River using time-series aerial images. To do this, we carried out radiation and geometric correction of image, and estimated land-use changes in inland and floodplain. As the analysis of inland, the ratio of residential, commercial, industrial, educational and public area, that is urbanized element, increases, but that of agricultural area shows a decline on the basis of 1990. Also, Minimum Distance Method, which is a kind of supervised classification method, is applied to extract water-body and sand bar layer in floodplain. As the analysis of land-use, the ratio of level-upped riverside land and water-body increases, but that of sand bar decreases. These time-series land use information can be important decision making data to evaluate the urbanization of river boundary, and especially it gives us goodness in river development project such as the composition of ecological habitat.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.3 s.31
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• pp.65-75
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• 2006

Emerging trends regarding USFK(United States Forces, Korea)'s EC(Engineering/Construction) market include: (1) introduction of MATOC(Multiple Award Task Order Contract); (2) increase of DB(Design-Build) contract; and (3) encroachment of large US-origin private EC firms upon Korea. This study analyzes the change of USFK's EC market with focus on the change of construction management actors for USFK's EC projects. Specifically, USFK's EC projects have been managed by FED(Far East District). Recently, however, the large US private EC companies substitute the role previously taken by FED. This phenomenon is accelerated by the business chances in Korea due to LPP(Land Partnership Plan) and intentions of US Government to save military construction costs by means of utilizing US private EC companies. The large US EC firms entering into Korea are business opportunities as well as challenges to Korean EC firms, which are contracting USFK's EC projects. This study concludes that, through teaming joint venture with the large US EC firms, the market changes can be opportunities to acquire foreign market information and learn advanced construction management skill from them.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.315-327
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• 2004

Nowadays, interests in land cover classification using not only multi-sensor images but also thematic GIS information are increasing. Often, although useful GIS information for the classification is available, the traditional MLE (maximum likelihood estimation techniques) does not allow us to use the information, due to the fact that it cannot handle the GIS data properly. This paper propose two extended MLE algorithms that can integrate both remote sensing images and GIS thematic data for land-cover classification. They include modified MLE and Bayesian predictive likelihood estimation technique (BPLE) techniques that can handle both categorical GIS thematic data and remote sensing images in an integrated manner. The proposed algorithms were evaluated through supervised land-cover classification with Landsat ETM+ images and an existing land-use map in the Gongju area, Korea. As a result, the proposed method showed considerable improvements in classification accuracy, when compared with other multi-spectral classification techniques. The integration of remote sensing images and the land-use map showed that overall accuracy indicated an improvement in classification accuracy of 10.8% when using MLE, and 9.6% for the BPLE. The case study also showed that the proposed algorithms enable the extraction of the area with land-cover change. In conclusion, land cover classification results produced through the integration of various GIS spatial data and multi-spectral images, will be useful to involve complementary data to make more accurate decisions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.581-590
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• 2014

With rapid land development, land category should be updated on a regular basis. However, manual field surveys have certain limitations. In this study, attempts were made to extract a feature vector considering spectral signature by parcel, PIMP (Percent Imperviousness), texture, and VIs (Vegetation Indices) based on RapidEye satellite image and cadastral map. A total of nine land categories in which feature vectors were significantly extracted from the images were selected and classified using SVM (Support Vector Machine). According to accuracy assessment, by comparing the cadastral map and classification result, the overall accuracy was 0.74. In the paddy-field category, in particular, PO acc. (producer's accuracy) and US acc. (user's accuracy) were highest at 0.85 and 0.86, respectively.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

Rapid urbanization has fostered development of modern cities. Although Conventional zoning played its role to control urban development, it also segregated land uses and created homogeneous development pattern. Mega cities with satellite bed towns has not shown their unique identity and characters. In order to develop comprehensive approach which may bring social and physical enhancement can be difficult to achieve by considering city as a two dimensions. On contrary, extensive analysis and proposals require an approach which can perceive city with three dimensions. Form-Based Codes (FBCs) are appeared as an alternative to conventional zoning with different design process and principles. FBCs approach urban place with three dimension and giving priority to form rather than land use. The purpose of this study was to analyze the necessity of FBCs and its concept, components and how this would change urban characteristics in the aspects of architectural design through analysis on 4 case studies for zoning codes of US cities. Through comparison of components in Form-Based Codes of 4 different cases, this study can show the reasons for differences in application of Form-Based Codes and how detailed components would play a role to establish better urban environments.