• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2007

Growth promotion of wild plants by some plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) was examined in the microcosms composed of soils collected separately from a grass-covered site and a nongrass-covered site in a lakeside barren area at Lake Paro, Korea. After sowing the seeds of eight kinds of wild plants and inoculation of several strains of PGPR, the total bacterial number and microbial activity were measured during 5 months of study period, and the plant biomasses grown were compared at the end of the study. Acridine orange direct counts in the inoculated microcosms, $1.3-9.8{\times}10^9\;cells{\cdot}g\;soil^{-1}$ in the soil from the grass-covered area and $0.9-7.2{\times}10^9\;cells{\cdot}g\;soil^{-1}$ in the soil from the nongrass-covered site, were almost twice higher than those in the uninoculated microcosms. The number of Pseudomonas sp., well-known bacteria as PGPR, and the soil dehydrogenase activity were also higher in the inoculated soils than the uninoculated soils. The first germination of sowed seeds in the inoculated microcosm was 5 days earlier than the uninoculated microcosm. Average lengths of all plants grown during the study period were 26% and 29% longer in the inoculated microcosms starting with the grass-covered soil and the nongrass-covered soil, respectively, compared with those in the uninoculated microcosms. Dry weights of whole plants grown were 67-82% higher in the inoculated microcosms than the uninoculated microcosms. Microbial population and activity and growth promoting effect by PGPR were all higher in the soils collected from the grass-covered area than in the nongrass-covered area. The growth enhancement of wild plants seemed to occur by the activities of inoculated microorganisms, and this capability of PGPR may be utilized for rapid revegetation of some barren lands.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2010

본 조사는 2006년 6월 9일부터 2008년 12월 30일까지 다도해 해상국립공원지역중 여수시 금오도, 거문도, 고흥군 외나로도, 완도군 청산도, 소안도, 보길도, 진도군 하조도, 신안군 우이도, 흑산도, 홍도 지역을 중심으로 이 지역에 분포하는 귀화식물의 분포 특성을 조사하였다. 조사된 귀화식물은 총 25과 100종이 조사되었다. 고흥군 외나로도에서 82종이 조사되어 전 조사지역에서 가장 많이 분포하고, 진도군 하조도에서 68종, 흑산도와 금오도에서 각각 52, 55종으로서 비교적 많이 분포하며, 신안군 우이도에서 34종이 홍도에서 42종이 나타나, 조사지역중에서 상대적으로 귀화식물이 적게 나타났다. 전 조사지역에서 공통으로 나타난 종은 오리새, 호밀풀, 큰이삭풀, 돌소리쟁이, 흰명아주, 미국자리공, 유럽나도냉이, 다닥냉이, 콩다닥냉이, 아까시나무, 토끼풀, 덩이괭이밥, 자주괭이밥, 코스모스, 개망초, 실망초, 망초, 개쑥갓, 큰방가지똥, 방가지똥, 도꼬마리 등 26종이 나타났다. 귀화식물 분포특성을 생육지의 특성에 따라 조림지역, 해수욕장, 항구, 공한지(나대지) 주변지역, 도로경계 주변지역, 도로절개지, 비탈면 주변지역, 폐경작지 지역, 쓰레기매립장 주변지역, 습지 주변 지역 등 7개 지역으로 구분하여, 각 지역별 주요 귀화식물 분포를 비교하였다. 다도해 해상 국립공원은 국립공원내의 독특한 자연경관, 생물종, 식생경관, 생태계를 보존하기 위하여 귀화식물에 대한 체계적인 관리가 필요하다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.861-881
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• 2023

This study investigated the flora of the Wang-ime oreum located on Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do, to basic data for the Jeju Island plant distribution. A total of 366 taxa were found with 94 families, 240 genera, 358 species, 1 subspecies, 6 varieties, and 1 forma. The floristic target species in Korea appeared as 2 taxa of grade V, 13 taxa of grade IV, 46 taxa of grade III, 5 taxa of grade II, and 49 taxa of grade I. There were 14 taxa for naturalized plants. The different plant life forms that appeared were large ground plants (M)(54 taxa), small land plants (N) (52 taxa), epiphyte (E) (6 taxa), indicator plants (Ch) (4 taxa), and semi-aquatic plants (H) (168 taxa), There were 34 and 48 taxa of plants(G) and annuals (Th) respectively. From these results, Wang-ime oreum, which is adjacent to ranches and grasslands, has little artificial interference, as more plants are distributed, and fewer naturalized plants are found than in Suwolbong and Dangsanbong. Accordingly, each oreum plays an important role in the flora of Jeju-do, thus a management plan tailored to the characteristics of the volcano is necessary.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2002

The restoration techniques of large disturbed land containing native forest resources and soil animals were investigated on the new campus area of Kyushu University in Japan. Important techniques to restore native forest and biodiversity in that area are transplantation of existing large trees, transplantation of the forest soil, transplantation of native tree stools, and the reuse of wood and bamboo chips. The benefits can be obtained by using these methods. Firstly, the native genetic resources that would be discarded as part of the land development can be reused. Secondary, the time taken to become a high growth forest as opposed to the practice of planting saplings or grass seeds can be reduced. At last, the native forest ecosystem containing various under-story vegetations and soil animals can be conserved and regenerated. In addition, big and small ponds were constructed in the biodiversity preservation zone to preserve rare plants, rare animals, and native aquatic animals. And these plants and animals were transplanted and moved to ponds.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2011

The current study analyzed appropriateness of abandoned rice paddy wetlands as habitats for the Amphibia by assessing functions and value of abandoned rice paddy wetlands within land development districts as a habitat for living creatures and researching into the Amphibia living in the subject districts. For this purpose, the study designated abandoned rice paddy wetlands within Hwaseong A District and Pangyo B District under land development as subject lands. Those wetlands went through succession after abandonment of farming. Detailed study results are as follows. From classification of wetland types and an analysis of their characteristics, it was found that herbaceous plants such as smartweed communities, horsetail communities and reed communities, and woody plants such as pussy willow communities appeared in both districts. These abandoned rice paddy wetlands shows typical characteristics of palustrine wetlands. As a result of a vegetation structure research, it was observed that succession has been progressed for at least over 2~3 years. In assessment of wetland functions by item, it was found that they are developing into fine wetlands in terms of functions because they are ranked over Moderate Class except separate distance from streams. Also from a research into animals living in the abandoned rice paddy wetlands, it was found that main inhabitants are Rana nigromaculata,Rana dybowskii, Hyla japonica, Bufo bufo gargarizans, etc. It can be confirmed that the abandoned rice paddy wetlands are providing appropriate conditions as habitats to the Amphibia in a view that those species have life cycles of inhabitation (shores and wetlands) - egg-laying (rice paddy, puddles and swampy places) - hibernation (rice field banks and swampy places). From this point of view, it was found that abandoned rice paddy wetlands that developed because of abandonment of farming can be used as means to improve structure and functions of habitats.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.145-158
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• 2005

육지로 격리된 거리에 따른 갈대의 생육과 지상부의 예취가 익년 갈대생장에 미치는 효과를 규명하기 위해 2000년부터 2001년까지 경기도 화성시 주곡면 호곡리에서 갈대 자연군락을 대상으로 초장과 건중량을 조사하였다. 육지와 접한 지역은, 갈대의 평균밀도는 122.67개체/$m^2$, 평균초장은 100.36 cm, 개체당 평균 건중량은 4.241 g, 단위면적당 건중량은 $537.574g/m^2$이었다. 그리고 해양방향에서 육지방향으로 이행함에 따라 개체의 초장 및 건중량, 단위 면적 당 건중량이 현저히 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 한편, 육지와 격리된 지역은 평균밀도는 102.30개/$m^2$, 평균초장은 43.894 cm, 개체당 평균 건중량은 0.779 g, 단위면적당 건중량은 $73.495g/m^2$이었다. 또한 해양방향에서 육지방향으로 이행함에 따른 갈대의 초장과 건중량의 변화는 없었다. 예취한 지역에서 익년의 갈대 생장은 예취하지 않은 지역에 비해 초장과 개체당 건중량은 차이가 없었으나 밀도와 단위 면적당 건중량이 현저히 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.131-140
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• 1968

The soil of the reclaimed tidal land, located in Chogi-ri, Is. Kanghwa, Korea was used in this experiment. The experimented soil samples were collected from 18 sites with its time elapsed after the shore-protection works, soil-depth and the vegetation of saline plants, and at each site samplings were conducted monthly from March through October, 1968, for the purposes of examining the changes of microbial populations for the microbes such as bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, by using the dilution plate method. The numbers of the microbes in these soils generally showed lower levels comparing with those of other soils. The more time elapsed after the reclamation, the higher numbers of the microbes inhibited the soils. Higher populations were there in the surface soils than in the lower part of the area. The surface soils included comparatively better conditions in aeration and contents of organic matter than in the lower part, and this fact was. same as in general soils. However, not so was this in the case of March, April and October due to the higher soil temperatures in the lows. At the experimental sites where the halophytes such as Salicorniu were grown vigourously, the more densly the plants grew, the higher populations of actinomycetes and fungi were, but not in the case of bacterial population. This means, in this soil with dense Salicornia, it is difficult to obtain good-natured soils in short time without a higher population of bacteria. For the rapid utilization of the land soil, in this view of point, the methods increasing the number of bacteria in the soil are needed as well as the cultivation and harvesting Salicorniu which indicated in the privious paper(Hong, et al., 1969a). According to the results of this experiment, the changes of soil-microbial populations in the reclaimed tidal land soil containing high salinity depend deeply upon the interrelations of many environmental factors such as soil-salinity, soil-components and contents, concentration of organic matters, pH, aeration, and air and soil temperatures, as in the general soils.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.293-304
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• 2020

Background and objective: This study was carried out to assess the relationship between the internal and external environments and the ecological items in five sites with a high level of artificial use intensity prior to the establishment of Geumgang River riparian ecological belts. Methods: The sites were classified into forest type, cultivated land type and urbanized type in accordance with their respective locational types. Ecological items including plant ecology such as proportion, naturalization index and urbanization index of native species were analyzed and animal ecology such as the number of species and population of wild birds, amphibians and reptiles, mammals, and butterflies and dragonflies, which are indicator insects, were investigated. In addition, species diversity indices of wild birds, butterflies and dragonflies found in all the subject lands were computed. Results: Among the plant ecological items, the ratio of native species in the forest type was higher than 90%, which was a satisfactory level, while the naturalization and urbanization indices were less than 10%. The number of species in the animal ecological characteristics was reduced in the order of forest type, cultivated land type and urbanized type. As the results of correlation analysis, the internal area of the planted area showed a negative correlation with the total of individuals. The area of grasslands showed a positive correlation with the number of dragonfly species and the total number of individuals, thereby illustrating that wet grasslands have positive effects. The area of surrounding forests, as an external environment, had a negative correlation with the urbanization index (UI) but a positive correlation with the inhabitation of butterflies and the total number of species. Conclusion: The results confirmed the need for more diversified special compositions including planted land, grassland, wetland, bodies of water and waterways within the subject land in the wetland ecological belt along with the need for surrounding forest location and preservation from the perspective of purchase and restoration of land for enhancement of wider biodiversity in the future.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.387-398
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• 2020

Background and objective: Land vacancy is a persistent issue in most urban areas in the United States, yet few case studies have examined how vacant lots are used and the functions they serve in local communities. The purposes of this study were to provide a new revitalization planning and design proposal for the Durant-Tuuri-Mott (DTM) target area in the shrinking city of Flint, MI, USA, and to assess the final planning and design guideline through an analysis of vacant land redevelopment alternatives. Methods: For developing a revitalization planning and design guideline, this study developed several design modules with three main design themes. Then, landscape performance of the final design proposals was analyzed by three development scenarios, based on implementation level: 100%, 75%, and 50%. These development scenarios were based on the local context and different implementation budgets needed to adopt the proposed design modules. To generate a comprehensive development plan by optimizing design module allocation in the study area, this research employed a system-oriented approach, analyzing the existing cultural, natural, and built environments. A community participant process was adopted to collect stakeholders' opinions on future development. Results: By utilizing landscape performance metrics to quantify the environmental, social, and economic benefits, this study developed optimized development scenarios and a master plan for the reuse and redevelopment of existing vacant lots across DTM neighborhoods and analyzed the benefits of each. Conclusion: This research offers a flexible design method for balancing objectives in vacant land redevelopment that can be applied in other shrinking cities.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2014

In this study, fossil liverwort (Hepaticae) of Thallites yabei (Kryshtofovich) Harris is described based on the newly obtained material from the Lower Cretaceous Nakdong Formation of Sindong Group, Korea. The thalli of T. yabei is ribbon-like, bifurcating at least three or four times, and has a distinct midrib. Although the thalloid plants are herbaceous with little hard part, the thalli of T. yabei is relatively well preserved to show the sequentially bifurcating pattern in the specimens occurred in the same fossil locality. Such characteristics indicate that they were probably buried in situ. The abundant occurrence of thalli plants also indicate that land was covered densely by them as one of the terrestrial land plant members, and flourished under the tall arbor trees in the humid environment during the Early Cretaceous in the Gyeongsang Basin.