• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1100-1108
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• 2009

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from various fruits and vegetables were screened in order to determine appropriate fermentation starters for manufacturing functional fermented onion juice. From the initial screening test comprising more than 700 isolated LAB, 16 isolates were selected based on their acid production rate. Among the selected isolates, the fermentation broth of KC-007 exhibited the highest electron donating and nitrite scavenging activities, with values at pH 1.2 of 95.6 and 68.7%, respectively. From the overall results obtained in this study, we finally selected the bacterium KC-007 as a fermentation starter. This bacterium was identified and named as Pediococcus pentosaceus based on its morphological and physiological characteristics, carbon-utilization pattern (as assessed using an API 50CHL kit), and molecular genetic characteristics (as assessed using the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene). The optimal temperature, pH, and starter inoculation concentration (v/v) required for growth of the isolated strain were $40^{\circ}C$, pH 4.0-6.0, and 2%(v/v), respectively.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.405-412
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• 2005

Quality characteristics of squid-sikhae prepared by four different methods(SHM: sikhae method, SHM-LA; sikhae method added with L plantarum, MM; mixed method of sikhae method and salting method, MM-LA; MM method added with L plantarum) were investigated during fermentation at $20^{\circ}C$. The pHs of all the 6-days fermented sikhae samples were in the range of 4.01-3.76, meaning that there were no significant difference in pH according to the preparation methods. Number of total microbes(TM) were decreased, while the ratio of lactic acid bacteria against TM in SHM-LA and MM-LA was higher than those of SHM and MM. There were no differences in acid protease activity, while $NH_2-N$ content of SHM and MM were higher than those of SHM-LA and MM-LA. Amylase activity was the lowest in MM-LA. Proteins separated by SDS-PAGE belonged to 7-200 kDa, the major proteins (153<94<41 kDa) of the sikhae in all plots were disappeared at 6 days fermentation. In sensory evaluation, sour taste of MM was the highest, while it was the lowest in SHM-LA. Sweet taste, bitter taste, salty taste and hot taste were not significantly different Off-flavor was decreased in lactic acid bacteria added products. Scores of the softness and overall acceptability were the highest in SHM-LA. These results indicated that SHM-LA was the best method for the preparation of squid sikhae because of the enhancement of lactic acid fermentation and overall acceptability.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1158-1163
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• 2001

김치의 선도를 유지할 수 있는 천연물의 사용 방안을 모색코져 소나무 추출물에 대한 김치 발효관련 유산균의 성장특성을 비교한 결과, 소나무 에탄을 추출물 40 mg/mL 첨가에 의해 김치에서 분리한 유산균인 A-1, B-9, K-7, M-7의 성장은 뚜렷하게 억제되었다. 특히 ehtyl acetate분획물이 항균 효과가 뚜렷하였다. 소나무 에탄올 추출물을 첨가한 김치 발효 25일 동안 대조구에 비해 pH와 산도의 변화는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 소나무 에탄을 추출물 첨가 김치의 숙성중 총균수와 유산균수는 대조구에 비해 전 숙성기간동안 1에서 2 log cyc1e 억제되는 경향을 나타내었다. 소나무 에탄을 추출물 첨가에 의해 김치의 숙성은 액제되는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.427-436
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• 2008

반건조 고추의 고추씨 비율을 달리하여 제조한 김치의 품질특성을 조사하기 위하여 고추씨가 20, 40, 60 및 80%의 비율로 첨가된 반건조 고추를 이용하여 김치를 제조한 결과 pH, 산도 및 젖산균의 변화는 숙성 9일째 가장 높았으며 처리구 간의 차이는 보이지 않았다. vitamin C, ASTA, capsaicnoids 함량은 모두 고추씨를 첨가하지 않은 대조구의 함량이 유의적으로 높아 반건조고추의 고추씨 함량이 김치에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 유기산은 고추씨 함량별 유의성은 나타나지 않았으며 발효 기간동안 malic, succinic acid는 감소하였고 acetic, lactic acid는 증가하였다. 관능 평가 결과 전반적인 기호도는 대조구가 높게 나타났으며, 고추씨 함량 20%인 김치구와 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다(p<0.05). 반면, 고추씨 함량 40% 이상인 김치구의 경우 전반적인 기호도가 5점 이하로 나타나 상품적인 가치가 없는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.231-235
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• 1988

마늘의 함량을 각각 0, 1, 2, 4, 6%가 되게하여 김치를 제조하고 $21^{\circ}C$에서 숙성시킨 김치의 숙성 과정중 호기성 세균, 효모 및 종류에 따른 유산균 수의 변화를 조사한 바 호기성 세균수는 숙성 $1{\sim}2$일까지 증식하다 그후 감소하였다. 마늘의 함량이 높은 김치일수록 발효초기에 호기성 세균의 증가폭이 작았으며 1%와 2%마늘 농도에서 큰 차이를 나타냈다. 총 유산균수는 호기성 세균과는 달리 숙성 $1{\sim}2$일까지 증가한 후 발효말기까지 그 수준을 유지하였으며 마늘의 함량이 높은 김치일수록 발효초기의 증가가 켰다. 발효 초기의 유산균의 증가에 주로 관여하는 유산균은 Lac. brevis와 low acid-producing lactobacilli였으며 또한, 발효 기간중 효모수의 변화는 마늘 함량의 변화에 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.948-956
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• 1998

전통안동식혜의 제조법을 계승 보존하고 제조 공정 및 상품성을 높여 보다 우수한 가공식품으로 개발할 목적으로 안동식혜의 발효에 관여하는 젖산균과 효모를 분리한 균주를 이용하여 안동 식혜를 제조하여 숙성 및 저장 과정 중 성분과 품질의 변화를 조사하였다. 전통안동식혜로부터 분리동정된 균주는 젖산 균주로써 L. bulgaricus LBS 47, L. acidophilus LAS 10 및 Lacto. lactis LLS 56의 3 균주와 효모 S. cerevisiae SCS 5의 한 균주를 분리하여 단독 및 혼합 균주를 start로 사용하여 숙성시킨 후 관능검사를 한 결과 LBS와 SCS 균주를 혼합배양하였을 때 가장 좋았다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2019

Rice bran is considered a natural source of antioxidants. In this study, rice bran was fermented with lactic acid bacteria to increase its antioxidant activity. Four strains isolated from fermented food, Lactobacillus plantarum MJM60383, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis MJM60392, Lactobacillus fermentum MJM60393, and Lactobacillus paracasei MJM60396, were confirmed as safe through stability tests such as safety assessment for biogenic amine production, hemolytic activity, and mucin degradation, and showed high reducing capacity. The antioxidant activity of rice bran fermentation altered by these strains was evaluated using several methods including measurement of $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity and scavenging activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and nitric oxide assays. In this study, the total phenolic content and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared to non-fermented rice bran and a commercial product, rice bran fermented with Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis MJM60392 showed the highest phenolic content (844.13 mg GAE/g). Moreover, the content of ferulic acids, ${\rho}$-coumaric acid, and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol in rice bran increased after fermentation with L. lactis subsp. lactis MJM60392 and L. fermentum MJM60393 compared to other samples. Indeed, the DPPH radical scavenging activity and NO scavenging activity were also found to be high in these fermented rice brans. These results indicated that fermentation with lactic acid bacteria increases the active compound levels and the potent antioxidant activities of rice bran.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.1162-1173
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the fermentation profiles, bacterial community and predicted metabolic characteristics of Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense Stapf.) during ensiling. Methods: First-cutting Sudangrass was harvested at the vegetative stage and ensiled in laboratory-scale silos (1 L capacity). Triplicate silos were sampled after 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days of ensiling, respectively. The bacterial communities on day 3 and 60 were assessed through high-throughput sequencing technology, and 16S rRNA-gene predicted functional profiles were analyzed according to the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes using Tax4Fun. Results: The Sudangrass silages showed good fermentation quality, indicated by higher lactic acid contents, and lower pH, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen contents. The dominant genus Lactococcus on day 3 was replaced by Lactobacillus on day 60. The metabolism of amino acid, energy, cofactors and vitamins was restricted, and metabolism of nucleotide and carbohydrate was promoted after ensiling. The 1-phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase of bacterial community seemed to play important roles in stimulating the lactic acid fermentation, and the promotion of arginine deiminase could help lactic acid bacteria to tolerate the acidic environment. Conclusion: High-throughput sequencing technology combined with 16S rRNA gene-predicted functional analyses revealed the differences during the early and late stages of Sudangrass ensiling not only for distinct bacterial community but also for specific functional metabolites. The results could provide a comprehensive insight into bacterial community and metabolic characteristics to further improve the silage quality.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.769-776
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• 2022

As an aquatic plant, the lotus leaf Nelumbo nucifera is rich in polyphenols, carotenoids, and flavonoids. We analyzed the chemical (pH, acidity, sugar, alcohol), microbiological (lactic acid bacteria, yeast), and antioxidant activity of Makgeolli supplemented with 5% and 10% lotus leaf (ll) during fermentation for 7 days. The pH of the non-additive group (control) was 3.10-6.03, that of the 5% added group was 3.17-5.77, and that of the 10% added group was 3.27-5.70, which decreased significantly (P<0.05) as the fermentation time elapsed. The acidity and sugar content were 1.89-2.12% and 9.10-12.90 Brix, respectively, which were significantly higher (P<0.05) as the amount of added ll increased. The alcohol content was 5.90-7.20% and was the highest on the seventh day of fermentation. The lactic acid bacteria was 6.07-7.17 log CFU/mL, which was higher in ll Makgeolli. Yeast increased until day 3 and then decreased to 3.27-5.86 log CFU/mL. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhdrazyl) and ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical scavenging activities were higher in ll Makgeolli (DPPH 68.72-81.48%, ABTS 90.71-91.67%). In this study, the commercialization potential of ll Makgeolli was expanded by enhancing the quality and antioxidant function of Makgeolli added with ll.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1379-1389
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• 2022

Objective: This study identified the major lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from different fermented total mixed rations (FTMRs) via metataxonomic analysis and evaluated the ability of their standard strain as ensiling inoculants for corn stover silage. Methods: The bacterial composition of eight FTMRs were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. Corn stover was ensiled without LAB inoculation (control) or with 1×10⁶ cfu/g LAB standard strain (Lactobacillus vaginalis, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus helveticus, or Lactobacillus paralimentarius) selected from the FTMRs or 10 g/t commercial silage inoculant (CSI) around 25℃ for 56 days. For each inoculation, a portion of the silage was sampled to analyze ensiling characteristics at time intervals of 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days, gas production (GP), microbial crude protein and volatile fatty acids as the measurements of rumen fermentation characteristics were evaluated in vitro with the silages of 56 days after 72 h incubation. Results: Lactobacillus covered >85% relative abundance of all FTMRs, in which L. pontis, L. vaginalis, L. reuteri, L. helveticus, and L. paralimentarius showed >4% in specific FTMRs. CSI, L. helveticus, and L. paralimentarius accelerated the decline of silage pH. Silage inoculated with L. paralimentarius and CSI produced more lactic acid the early 14 days. Silage inoculated with L. paralimentarius produced less acetic acid and butyric acid. For the in vitro rumen fermentation, silage inoculated with CSI produced more potential GP, isobutyric acid, and isovaleric acid; silage inoculated with L. helveticus produced more potential GP and isovaleric acid, silage inoculated with L. paralimentarius or L. reuteri produced more potential GP only. Conclusion: The standard strain L. paralimentarius (DSM 13238) is a promising ensiling inoculant for corn stover silage. The findings provide clues on strategies to select LAB to improve the quality of silage.