• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.246-251
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• 1999

To extend the storage period and to inhibit contamination of Kimchi by Escherichia coli, conditions of Kimchi brining and effects of the fermentation starter, halophilic Lactobacillus HL-48 were investigated. Optimum brining condition for Kimchi was accomplished in 15% NaCl and at pH2.5-3.0 adjusted by lactic acid. Starter-treated Kimchi showed pH 4.2 after 18hr fermentation, while the pH of starter-untreated Kimchi resulted in 3.3. After 36hr fermentation, the number of E. coli in starter-treated Kimchi was found clearly to decrease and not detected macroscopically, but contamination of E. coli (5.3$\times$103CFU/ml) was observed in starter-untreated sample. Organic acids in Kimchi contained organic acids such as oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid and lactic acid. among ther, lactic acid content was remarkably high in the early fermentation stages. However, from 24hr fermentation, lactic acid content of starter-untreated Kimchi was higher than that of starter-treated Kimchi.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to establish a rapid preparation method of Dongchimi-juice having favor-able flavor and high antibacterial activity against undesirable bacteria in Naengmyon-broth by using high antibacterial strains of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus homohiochii B21 and leuconostoc mesenteroid-es subsp. mesenteroides C16 as Dongchimi starter. When the two strains of lactic acid bacteria were used as starter mixed culture was better than single culture in acid production and antibacterial activity. When starter was not inoculated in Dongchimi fermentation the numbers of Gram negatives and colifor-ms were remarkably increased in early phase and antibacterial activity could scarcely be detected. But when starter was inoculated the numbers of Gram negatives and coliforms were sharply decreased from early phase and antibacterial ctivity was high. When Dongchimi was made with heat sterilized mat-erials and starter there were no Gram negatives and coliforms and antibacterial activity was high. The antibacterial activity of starter inoculated Dongchimi was maximum in 2 days of fermentation at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and was scarcely detected in six days. In consideration of coliform counts antibacterial activity and the flavor of Dongchimi the preparation method in which all materials were heat treated at 8$0^{\circ}C$ for 15 min-utes and inoculated with mixed starter of the two strains and fermented for 2 days at 2$0^{\circ}C$ was thoug-ht to be good.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to determine the quality characteristics of cabbage juice fermented by lactic acid bacteria from Kimchi (Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus sakei SL1103, Lactobacillus plantarum LS5, and mixed starter). Cabbage juice was inoculated with lactic acid bacteria and fermented at 30 for 72 hrs. Changes in lactic acid bacteria number, pH, titratable acidity, Brix, and color during fermentation were analyzed. After fermentation for 24 hrs, cabbage juice fermented by mixed starter showed the highest number of lactic acid bacteria (9.45 log CFU/mL). The pH of all cabbage juice also decreased to 3.88~4.19 sharply, while cabbage juice fermented by Lac. sakei SL1103 showed the highest Brix ($8.38^{\circ}Bx$). Cabbage juice fermented by mixed starter showed the highest L value (56.83). In the sensory evaluation, cabbage juice fermented by a mixed starter (Leu. mesenteroides, Lac. sakei SL1103, and Lac. plantarum LS5) showed the highest preferences in taste, flavor, and overall acceptability. Therefore, cabbage juice fermented by mixed starter (Leu. mesenteroides, Lac. sakei SL1103 and Lac. plantarum LS5) has the highest potential for the development of fermented cabbage juice as an excellent bioactive functional food.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1980

난산균의 효율적인 보존문제로서 Lactobacillus bulgaricus NLS-4를 사용하여 동결 및 동결건조법이 이 균주의 생존도 및 활성도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 동결 및 동결건조처리 후 전반적인 생존도 및 활성도는 저하되나 초발미생물농도를 높여준 경우 모두 증대되어 동결시에는 최고 생존도 및 활성도가 각각 46％ 및 0.25％ lactic acid였고 동결건조 시에는 22％ 및 0.29％ lactic acid였다. 동결 및 동결건조 처리전 보호물질로서 각각 10％ glycerol과 G. C. G. S. 현탁용액을 첨가한 경우 대조군인 10% skim milk를 첨가한 경우보다 생존도 및 활성도가 증가하여 동결시에는 최고 생존도 62％, 최고 비교활성도 95％를 나타냈고 동결건조시에는 각각 79％, 126%를 나타냈다. 결론적으로는 미생물농도가 생존도 및 활성도를 높이기 위한 가장 중한 인자임을 알 수 있었고 보호물질의 첨가도 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.1009-1019
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• 2022

In recent years, biocontrol of foodborne pathogens has become a concern in the food industry, owing to safety issues. Listeria monocytogenes is one of the foodborne pathogens that causes listeriosis. The major concern in the control of L. monocytogenes is its viability as it can survive in a wide range of environments. The purpose of this study was to isolate lactic acid bacteria with antimicrobial activity, evaluate their applicability as a cheese starter, and evaluate their inhibitory effects on L. monocytogenes. Lactococcus lactis strain with antibacterial activity was isolated from raw milk. The isolated strain was a low acidifier, making it a suitable candidate as an adjunct starter culture. The commercial starter culture TCC-3 was used as a primary starter in this study. Fresh cheese was produced using TCC-3 and L. lactis CAU2013 at a laboratory scale. Growth of L. monocytogenes (5 Log CFU/g) in the cheese inoculated with it was monitored during the storage at 4℃ and 10℃ for 5 days. The count of L. monocytogenes was 1 Log unit lower in the cheese produced using the lactic acid bacteria strain compared to that in the cheese produced using the commercial starter. The use of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria as a starter culture efficiently inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes. Therefore, L. lactis can be used as a protective adjunct starter culture for cheese production and can improve the safety of the product leading to an increase in its shelf-life.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 1976년도 제8회 학술발표회
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• pp.187.3-187
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• 1976

건조 유산균 starter (Lyophillized lactic sarter) 제조 과정 중 동결건조에 의한 viability의 저하를 방지하는 방법의 하나로서 유산균을 농축 (concentrate) 시켰다. 유산균을 농축시키기에 앞서 cell의 농도를 높여줄 필요가 있었으므로 Cell의 증식에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 agitation 및 aeration을 채택하여 그것이 cell의 증식 및 lactic acid producing ability에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 사실을 알 수 있었다.(중략)

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.559-568
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• 2015

Kimchi is a traditional Korean vegetable product that is naturally fermented by various microorganisms present in the raw materials. Among these microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria dominate the fermentation process. Natural fermentation with unsterilized raw materials leads to the growth of various lactic acid bacteria, resulting in variations in the taste and quality of kimchi, which may make it difficult to produce industrial-scale kimchi with consistent quality. The use of starter cultures has been considered as an alternative for the industrial production of standardized kimchi, and recent trends suggest that the demand for starter cultures is on the rise. However, several factors should be carefully considered for the successful application of starter cultures for kimchi fermentation. In this review, we summarize recent studies on kimchi starter cultures, describe practical problems in the application of industrial-scale kimchi production, and discuss the directions for further studies.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.801-807
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• 2016

In Western countries, kimchi, the Korean traditional fermented cabbage, is considered to be a healthy. However, it is one of the main sources of the high sodium content of the Korean diet. In order to decrease the sodium content, we manufactured a low-sodium kimchi (LK, salinity 1.0%) and 4 additional low-sodium kimchi starters in which each of 4 lactic acid bacteria (Lb. sakei 1, Lb. sakei 2, Lb. palntarum and W. koreensis) were added. The LKL1 to LKL4 samples were prepared by adding 4 single LAB starters, each with an inoculum size of $10^6CFU/g$, when the cabbage was mixed with kimchi sauce. The kimchi starters were fermented at $10^{\circ}C$ until reaching 0.5% acidity, and then stored at $-1.5^{\circ}C$ until reaching 0.75% acidity. The pH and acidity of the starter kimchi changed more rapidly in the early phase of fermentation (up to 0.75% acidity) than control low-sodium kimchi. After the acidity of the kimchi starters reached 0.75% it remained constant. As the fermentation progressed, the total aerobic and lactic acid bacteria concentrations in the kimchi starter with added Lb. sakei 1 were the same as in the control low-sodium kimchi. The low-sodium kimchi fermentation of the kimchi starter with added Lb. palntarum progressed differently due to a difference in acid resistance. The kimchi starter with added Lb. sakei 2 had an overall liking score that was slightly higher than that of the control low-sodium kimchi due to a lower off-flavor.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.430-438
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• 1996

The eleven strains, which could be used lactic and acetic acids as carbon sources, were isolated from kimchi and identified; the strains were facultative microorganisms which could be grown at low temperature (10$\circ$C) and around pH 3.2. As results of morphological, biochemical and physiological tests, 5 species of 3 genera were identified as Debaryomyces coudertii, Pichia edia, Pichia chambardii, Pichia haplophilia and Saccharomyces fermentati. Each strain was grown in basal media. In acidic resistance and acid utilization test, Saccharomyces sp. YK- 17 and Saccharomyces fermentati YK-19 were grown well in basal and YM media containing 0.3% lactic acid. And two strains were grown in basal and YM media containing O.3% lactic acid and 0.6% acetic acid. Since strain YK-19 was grown better at 10$\circ$C than that in 25$\circ$C, strain YK-19 was known to be a psychrophilic strain.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.1241-1246
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• 1999

증편은 탁주를 스타터로 사용하여 젖산과 알코올발효에 의해 생성되는 해면상 구조에 의한 부드러운 조직과 신맛이 나는 특징이 있으나 제조시간이 길고 균일한 품질을 갖는 제품의 생산이 어려우며 탁주유래의 불쾌취로 인하여 소비가 감소하고 있다. 본 연구는 증편의 제조시간단축과 품질향상을 목적으로 증편발효에 적합한 상업적 젖산균 스타터를 선발하고 이를 효모와 함께 사용하는 발효시스템을 개발하였다. 젖산균 스타터는 발효시 초기 pH 감소속도가 빠르고 상큼한 산미를 느낄 수 있는 Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus cremoris· 및 Lactococcus diacetylactis로 구성된 것을 선발하였다. 발효 중 pH는 발효시간 3시간까지는 급격한 감소를 보이다 이후 완만한 감소를 보여 3시간을 적정 발효시간으로 결정하였다. 젖산균과 효모의 적정 첨가량은 상패한 산미와 적당한 비체적을 보인 젖산균 0.45%, 효모 0.6%로 결정하였다. 3시간동안 젖산발효한 slurry를 2시간동안 효모발효한 slurry와 혼합하여 1시간 동안 2차 발효하는 발효시스템을 이용하여 증편제조 공정을 완성하였으며 본 방법에 의해 제조된 증편은 전통적인 방법에 의해 제조된 증편에 비해 품질이 우수하였으며 제조시간을 50% 이상 단축할 수 있었다.