• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.483-493
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• 2005

우유와 두유를 혼합하여 요구르트를 제조하고자 스타터에 따른 발효물의 성상을 시험하였다. 4종류의 서로 다른 스타터를 접종한 모든 처리구에서 배양 15시간 후 pH는 lactic culture 2(B. longum, L. acidophilus, S. thermophilus)를 제외한 나머지 처리구에서 $4.16\~3.75$ 사이로 나타나 발효 촉진효과가 있었고, 산 생성은 우유와 두유의 홉합비가 2:1이고 lactic culture 1 [Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus(LB12), Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus(ST36)]을 스타터로 사용한 요구르트에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 생균수는 1:3 비율에서 15시간째 Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius CNU27을 스타터로 사용한 균에서 $2.17\times10^9 cfu/mL$로서 최대 균수를 나타내었다. 두유 혼합요구르트에서 생산된 유기산의 함량을 측정한 바, 유기산 생산 중 lactic acid인 경우 lactic culture 1 [Lacto-bacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus(LB12), Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophihus(ST36)]을 스타터로 사용했을 때 1:1에서 412.52 mM로 가장 높았다. Acetic acid인 경우는 혼합비 3:1에서 lactic culture 2(B. longum, L. acidophilus, S. thermophilus)가 394.01mM로 가장 높게 생산되었다. 당 분해율은 혼합비 1:3에서 Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius CNU27를 스타터로 사용한 요구르트에서 대조구와 비교해 stachyose가 $53.92\%$로 가장 많이 분해되었다. 점도는 두유 혼합비가 가장 높은 1:3 처리구에서 $1,300\~1,660 cP$ 로 가장 높게 나타났다. 관능검사 결과는 2:1 혼합비에서 Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC3150를 스타터로 사용한 요구르트가 $4.17\pm0.69,$ 3: 1 혼합비에서 Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius CNU27를 스타터로 사용한 요구르트가 $4.00\pm0..58$으로 기호도가 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2004

제주민속주인 좁쌀약주의 제조를 위하여 전국에서 수집된 35종의 누룩으로부터 분리하여 선발한 균주를 사용하여 균주와 원료 배합비율에 따른 누룩을 제조한 후 양조과정에서의 발효특성을 검토하였다. 좁쌀주의 유기산은 lactic acid와 acetic acid가 대부분이었고, 이외에 citric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid도 일부 검출되었다. 유리당은 glucose와 arabinose, maltose가 많은 함량을 나타내었고, 이외에 xylose도 일부에서 검출되었다. 향기성분은 iso-amyl alcohol, iso-butyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol 등이 주를 이루고 있었으며, 이외에 ethylacetate, acetaldehyde가 검출되었다. iso-buthyl alcohol과 n-propyl alcohol 대조구인 국순당 누룩이 다른 처리구보다 높게 나타났고, iso-amyl alcohol은 펠릿 형태로 제조한 누룩 처리구가 높게 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 우수균주로 분리하여 제조한 누룩을 사용하여 좁쌀약주를 양조하는 경우, 품질을 유지하면서 수율을 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2010

In this study, the effects of multi-complex agents addition on characteristics of electroless Ni plating solution are investigated. The species and the concentration of complexing agents are major factors to control the deposition rate, P concentration, and surface morphology of plating films. Adipic acid increases the deposition rate in regardless of single- or mutli-complex agent addition. However, lactic acid effectively increases the deposition rate in case of multi-addition as the complex agents with adipic or sodium succinate acid. In addition, sodium citric acid and malic acid show good stabilizing effects of plating solution and lowering the deposition rate, because they have high complexibility. Therefore, it is suggested that the development of Ni-P plating solution suitable for diverse usages can be carried out systematically using the database from this study.

• 약학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.283-288
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• 1995

Rapid gas chromatographic profiling method was applied to saliva from healthy subjects for the analysis of free organic acids. Saliva samples were first saturated with NaHCO$_{3}$ and extracted with diethyl ether. The aqueous phase was solid-phase extracted using Chromosorb P as the adsorbent and diethyl ether as the eluent after the acidification and NaCl saturation, followed by triethylamine treatment. The resulting tiiethylammonium salts of acids were directly converted into stable tert.-butyl-dimethylsflyl derivatives, with subsequent analysis by dual-capiuary column gas chromatography and gas chromatograpy -mass spectrometry. From the ten saliva samples studied, twenty eight free organic acids including various fatty acids, hydroxy acids, dicarboxylic acids, md aromatic acids were tentatively identified. Among the acids identified , the concentration of lactic acid was highest for five saliva samples while $\alpha$-hydroxyisocaproic acid was most abundant for me sample, and succinic acid and glycolic acid for two samples. respectively. When the GC profiles were simplified to the corresponding acid retention index spectra of bar graphical form, they presented characteristic patterns for each individual.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 1994

We studied the effect of eicosanoids on the content of energy metabolites and the intrasynaptosomal $Ca^{++}([Ca^{++}]_i)$ concentration in cerebral ischemic rats. An ischemic model was made by bilateral carotid artery ligation (BCAL) and by incubation of synaptosomes under aglycemic and $N_2$ gas bubbling condition. The content of ATP, creatine phosphate and glucose decreased at 15 minutes after BCAL while that of lactate increased in male Wistar rats. Oral administration of EPA(100 mg/ml/Kg/day) or DHA(16 mg/ml/Kg/day) for 6 weeks improved both the decreases and the increase of the cerebral energy metabolites. In addition, the increase of $[Ca^{++}]_i$, under BACL was suppressed by EPA or DHA treatment. When the both Wistar rats and SHR were administered orally with EPA or DHA for 6 weeks, the effect on the increase of $[Ca^{++}]_i$ under ischemia by $N_2$ gas bubbling were protected. From these results, it may be that EPA or DHA treatment were greatly contributed to preservation of ischemic cerebral energy metabolism and $Ca^{++}$ concentration.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2012

첨가하는 감의 가공형태에 따른 감 막걸리의 품질특성을 조사하기 위해 여러 가지 가공형태인 곶감, 감말랭이, 감분말, 감껍질분말, 감페이스트를 시험에 사용하였다. 막걸리 제조에 사용된 감의 수분함량, 총폴리페놀 및 가용성고형물 함량은 가공형태별 큰 차이를 보였으며, 이러한 요소들이 감막걸리의 총폴리페놀 및 알코올 농도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 감막걸리의 pH와 총산은 각각 3.7~4.1 및 0.2~0.3% (w/v) 정도의 분포를 보여, 시판되고 있는 막걸리와 비슷하였다. 아미노산도는 발효 3일째보다 5일째 급격히 상승하였는데, 감분말, 감껍질분말 및 감페이스테에서 비교적 높은 값을 보였다. 감막걸리의 휘발산 함량은 전반적으로 80~100 ppm 정도였으며, 감페이스트 처리에서 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 감막걸리의 주된 유기산은 oxalic, citric, tartaric, malic, succinic, lactic, acetic acid 이었으며, 이들 유기산중 lactic acid의 함량이 가장 높았다. 감분말 및 감페이스트 첨가 감막걸리의 황색도 값이 높았으며, 색에 대한 기호성도 우수하였다. 맛과 전체적인 기호성(선택 비율)에 있어서, 감말랭이 첨가 막걸리가 가장 우수하였다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2016

Phenyllactic acid (PLA), which is a known antimicrobial compound, can be synthesized through the reduction of phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) by lactate dehydrogenase of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). PLA-producing LAB was isolated from coffee beans, and the isolated LAB was identified as Lactobacillus zeae Y44 by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) from L. zeae Y44 was assessed for both its capability to produce the antimicrobial compound PLA and its antifungal activity against three fungal pathogens (Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, and Colletotrichum aculatum). PLA concentration was found to be 4.21 mM in CFS when L. zeae Y44 was grown in MRS broth containing 5 mM PPA for 12 h. PLA production could be promoted by the supplementation with PPA and phenylalanine (Phe) in the MRS broth, but not affected by 4-hydroxy-phenylpyruvic acid, and inhibited by tyrosine as precursors. Antifungal activity assessment demonstrated that all fungal pathogens were sensitive to 5 % CFS (v/v) of L. zeae Y44 with average growth inhibitions ranging from 27.8 to 50.0 % (p<0.005), in which R. solani was the most sensitive with an inhibition of 50.0 %, followed by B. cinerea and C. aculatum. However, pH modification of CFS to pH 6.5 caused an extreme reduction in their antifungal activity. These results may indicate that the antifungal activity of CFS was caused by acidic compounds like PLA or organic acids rather than proteins or peptides molecules.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.154-162
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• 2010

This study was carried out to compare the efficacy and selectivity of TOS and BS media for enumeration of bifidobacteria in commercial fermented milk products. First, bifidobacteria was isolated from 20 fermented milk products, and all isolated bifidobacteria were identified by genomic technology as Bifidobacterium lactis. The two media significantly differed from each other with regard to the recovery of B. lactis, that is, the recovery of this organism was as much as 6 logs lower on BS medium than on TOS. When the concentration of BS solution (mixture of paromomycin sulfate, neomycin, sodium propionate, and lithium chloride) used in BS medium was reduced to 50% (BS50), a relatively high percentage recovery of bifidobacteria from pure cultures was achieved. Susceptibility tests to antibiotics and tests for selective agents for the isolated bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria were conducted. The BS solution inhibited some lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium species, while mupirocin (MU) suppressed the growth of all tested lactic acid bacteria but not Bifidobacterium. As compared with BS50 medium, TOS with or without MU showed good bifidobacteria recovery and readily distinguishable colonies; in particular, TOS supplemented with MU had a high selectivity for bifidobacteria. In conclusion, all results suggested that TOS medium with or without MU was found to be suitable for selective enumeration of bifidobacteria from mixed cultures in fermented milk, and better in that capacity than BS medium.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.743-750
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• 2012

A tissue cultured wild ginseng (TCWG) suspension was inoculated with lactic acid bacteria and fermented to improve the functionality of TCWG. The utilization of TCWG was increased directly using the freeze-dried powder. The optimal ratio of TCWG powder and water for fermentation was 1:19 (5%), which was selected by measuring the fluidity and viable cell count according to concentration. The effects on ADH activation and immune cell activation by each ferments with 10 kinds of Lactobacillus sp. strains were examined. The ferments with the Lactobacillus casei KFRI 692 strain showed 5.4 times higher ADH activity and 1.3 times higher ALDH activity than the non-fermented TCWG powder (control). The level of NO production and cytotoxicity was also measured by Raw 264.7 cells. The ferment with the Lac. casei KFRI 692 strain showed the highest level of NO production and lower cytotoxicity than the others. Therefore, the Lac. casei KFRI 692 strain was selected as a strain for fermentation of a TCWG suspension to maximize its functionality. To identify the optimal fermentation time of the selected Lac. casei KFRI 692 strain on the 5% TCWG suspension, the viable cell count of lactic acid bacterial and the changes in pH were observed for 72 hours. 24-hrs was found to be the optimal fermentation time. In this way, fermented TCWG with lactic acid bacteria showed higher ADH activation efficacy and immune cell activation than non-fermented TCWG.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1994

A new local drug delivery device to treat otitis media (OM) has been developed. This device consists of a biodegradable poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) film containing antibiotic (ampicillin, AMP), which can be placed into the middle ear cavity and release the therapeutic concentration of AMP for prolonged period. Biodegradable films containing AMP (10 w/w%) were prepared by solution casting method using a suspension of the drug in a $PLLA/CH_{2}Cl_{2}$ solution (molecular weight of PLLA, 100,000 (100 K) and 300,000 (300 K), respectively). PLLA-AMP films were characterized by FTIR, DSC, and SEM. In vitro release of AMP from AMP-PLLA films were examined. The release pattern of AMP from AMP-PLLA films remained consistent from 1 day to 14 days, and the release rates of AMP from AMP-100K-PLLA film and AMP-300K-PLLA film were $0.7384\;{\mu}g/ml/day$, $0.4107\;{\mu}g/ml/day$, respectively.