• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2009

Purpose: The purposes of this phenomenological study were to explore the experience of preterm labor. Methods: The participants were 7 women admitted to two obstetric hospitals in Kyunggi-do Province with preterm labor. Data was collected with MP3 records through individual in-depth interviews and participated observation. The data was analyzed by Giorgi(1985) method. Results: The results were divided into six categories as follows: 1) Inappropriate coping: unexpected event, overwork, lack of insight of preterm labor, 2) Burn out: multiple role, burden, role conflict. 3) Restrictions of lifestyle: uncomfortable hospital environment, wearisomeness, limitations of personal hygiene, 4) Physical discomfort: headache, flush, tremor, palpitations, 5) Psychological distress : concerns about fetus health status, fear of possible preterm delivery, lack of information, financial worries, 6) A transition to new lifestyle: share of household chores, communication with self-help group, careful lifestyle. Conclusion: The findings of this study will offer a better understanding of women's preterm labor experiences and suggest clues to nurses on how to improve the care they provide.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회 2부
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• pp.95-97
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• 2010

Current trends in the Korean construction industry, including the aging of the workforce, a lack of new Korean construction workers, and an inflow of unskilled foreign labor, have caused a range of problems, including quality deterioration, reduced productivity, insufficient understanding of the function and difficulties in communication, to name a few. Yet while countermeasures to these problems should be based on accurate and diverse fundamental data, including the current status of demand and supply of domestic and foreign construction workers, the perception of construction workers, studies on these questions have, thus far, been scarce. For these reasons, this study was conducted using a questionnaire for managers and workers on construction sites, to secure fundamental data relating to construction workers. The findings of the survey showed that it is urgent to prepare measures to educate, train and foster human resources, considering the aging of the construction workforce and the lack of an inflow of new construction workers.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.88-96
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• 2020

Background: The current lack of the number of nurses and high nurse turnover rate leads to major problems for the health-care system in terms of cost, patient care ability, and quality of care. Theoretically, burnout may help link emotional labor with turnover intention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of burnout in the association between emotional labor and turnover intention in Korean clinical nurses. Methods: Using data collected from a sample of 606 nurses from six Korean hospitals, we conducted a multiple regression analysis to determine the relationships among clinical nurses' emotional labor, burnout, and turnover intention, looking at burnout as a mediator. Results: The results fully and partially support the mediating role of burnout in the relationship between the subfactors of emotional labor and turnover intention. In particular, burnout partially mediated the relationship between emotional disharmony and hurt, organizational surveillance and monitoring, and lack of a supportive and protective system in the organization. In addition, we found that burnout has a significant full mediation effect on the relationship between overload and conflicts in customer service and turnover intention. Although the mediating effect of burnout was significantly associated with the demands and regulation of emotions, no significant effects on turnover intention were found. Conclusion: To reduce nurses' turnover, we recommend developing strategies that target both burnout and emotional labor, given that burnout fully and partially mediated the effects of emotional labor on turnover intention, and emotional labor was directly associated with turnover intention.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to suggest the implications of social welfare workers' understanding of emotional labor and prevention of psychological exhaustion. In order to achieve this goal, I analyzed the effects of the levels of surface acting and deep acting, which are components of emotional labor in social welfare workers in social welfare center, on emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of sense of personal accomplishment which are components of psychological exhaustion. And I empirically analyzed how emotional labor affects psychological exhaustion, when superior support and fellow support as components of social support play a role as moderating variables. Empirical results show that emotional labor affects psychological exhaustion and social support plays a moderating role. Based on these results, theoretical and policy implications and future research directions are presented.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aims to understand the effects of job stress and emotional labor on perceptive health status of dental hygienist's. And provide basic data by for establishing the plan for the effective management of job stress and emotional labor and the promotion of health. Methods: Self-evaluation questionnaires were surveyed for 441 dental hygienist's who agreed to participate in the survey, using questionnaires used in the preceding study were modified and complemented. We analyzed the data with frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test와 ANOVA, Spearman correlation coefficient by using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). The significance level for significance was set at 0.05. Results: health status were job stress, emotional labor significant negative correlation. The factors having significant effects on health problem were physical health status, the job culture of job stress, lack of job autonomy, organizational instability, and workplace culture. In addition, social health status was affected by emotional expressionism, relationship conflict, organizational instability, organizational system, and workplace culture. Conclusion: Recognizing the importance of the management of job stress and emotional labor in the working environment to dental clinic and hospital managers and managerial dental hygienists, a dental hygienist health promotion intervention program is needed to mitigate and cope with job stress and emotional labor.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1991

From of old, labor has been accompanied by pain and much effort has been mode to eliminate or diminish the amounts of pain during labor. Little concern has yet been given to the subjective meaning of pain in labor. Recently, rates of cesarean section in Korea and in some other nations have increased rapidly and some investigators are reporting negative reactions such as anger, disappointment and feeling of loss due to lack of control over labor and its pain. These findings are thought to suggest that control of labor and its pain gives some meaning to the laboring woman. Thus the investigators sought to discover the meaning of pain during labor for Korean women. Specific objectives of this study were to explore the meaning of pain in labor to the mothers, their reactions to the experience of labor add their preference for delivery method. The subjects of this study were 95 mothers who delivered their babies in hospital from September 989 to May 1990 : 45 gave birth by vaginal delivery, and 50 by cesarean section. Data were gathered through direct interviews by the investigators, and questions were focused on five areas i.e. mothers' feelings about delivery and their babies, their feelings about of having more children, the most difficult aspect about this labor and delivery, and what they thought the differences were between vaginal delivery and cesarean section. After interview, mothers' answers were summarized, and classified according to the degree of positive or negative attitude. To ascertain the difference in meaning of labor pains and reaction to delivery experience between mothers delivered vaginally and by cesarean section a Median test was done using an SAS. Results were as follows. 1. More mothers who had delivered vaginally realized that they “have became a mother” than those who had a cesarean section(X$^2$＝8.409, df＝3, p＝0.038). 2. Immediate reaction to their delivery experience was more positive for mothers who had a cesarean section. 3. These Korean mothers expressed preference for vaginal delivery. Suggestions for further research on the meaning for mothers of their experience of labor, and on the meaning of pain for mothers who have a cesarean section were made.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1997년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.761-768
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• 1997

Recently, on account of the lack of skilled labor and the increase of labor costs, it has been more difficult the construction environment. Now new methods were developed and used many places. This study is concerning the structural performance of Composite Form Panel Method-one of the new methods-of the wall type. It is available to make monolithic system of bearing wall and half slab. This paper presented design and product data by experiments.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2003

In the 21st century, a time for smaller companies is fast approaching. A lot of people believe that the small and mid-sized companies will be a main force for industry. However, this concept could only be possible after we find some solutions for the general, labor shortage problem. Specifically, the majority of these challenges stem from improper distribution of labor within each company's divisions. These labor shortages have been influenced by a variety of exogenous (human) variables. The sources of the most serious problems come from the lack of appropriate labor and their fair wages. The work environment is also a contributing factor. These items are considered to be serious challenges to the development of smaller enterprises. The purpose of this study is to explore these difficulties. For solving the labor shortage, enterprises and government should offer employees supportive benefits. Enterprise companies should make an effort to improve their work environments. Companies should also use innovative strategies to raise labor compensation. With this in mind, smaller firms should struggle to retain their employees for an extended period of time and commit to an organizational business strategy. Governments should try to develop a higher recognition of smaller enterprises. They should create human power recruitment, development, and recourse policies as needed. Furthermore, they should manipulate existing policies to support human resource development that aids these companies to be more competitive with larger ones. Additionally, it is necessary to develop new, creative programs to help with the social recognition of smaller enterprises.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.127-139
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• 2019

본 연구는 연기자를 대상으로 감정부조화를 매개변수로 하여 감정노동이 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향에 관하여 분석하였다. 감정노동을 내면행위와 표면행위로 구분하고 직무스트레스를 보상부적절과 관계갈등의 하위변수로 구분하였다. 주로 서울시와 경기도 일원에 거주하는 연기자들로부터 수집한 설문지 400부를 실증분석을 실시하였다. SPSS v22.0과 Process macro v3.0을 사용한 분석결과 첫째, 표면행위만 보상부적절에 유의한 영향을 미치고 내면행위와 표면행위는 모두 관계갈등에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 표면행위만 감정부조화에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 감정부조화는 보상부적절과 관계갈등에 모두 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 표면행위가 감정부조화를 매개하여 직무스트레스에 미치는 간접효과는 모두 유의적인 것으로 나타났다. 후속 연구로는 조절변수가 도입된 조건부과정 모형을 통한 조절된 매개분석이나 감정부조화외에 다른 매개변수의 발굴을 위한 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.222-235
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the reality, status of clinical nurses' emotional labor and the relationship with physical discomfort, burnout, depression and social support. Methods: A thousand three hundred sixteen clinical nurses from 42 hospitals nationwide participated in this study. Questionnaires were developed for evaluating the reality and status of emotional labor of clinical nurses after interviewing focus groups and reviewing literatures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Ninety eight percent of nurses had answered having emotional labor and they experienced 82 times per year, 9.6 times during last a month which means they experience it every other day. The one who provoke emotional labor were patients, guardians, physicians, supervisor, and colleagues in sequence. Eighty percent of nurses had intention to leave their jobs after experiencing emotional labor. They were doing more surface acting than deep acting of emotional labor. Conclusion: Clinical nurses in Korea experienced excessively high level of emotional labor and delayed responding to clients' requests due to lack of time for caring each patient was revealed as one of the main causes of emotional labor.